Picasso life story. Political views of Picasso
Pablo Ruiz y Picasso, full name - Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (in Russian, a variant with an emphasis on the French manner of Picasso is also adopted, Spanish. Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuceno María de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santísima Trinidad Mártir Patricio Ruiz y Picasso; October 25, 1881 (18811025), Malaga, Spain - April 8, 1973, Mougins, France) - Spanish and french artist, sculptor, graphic artist, theater artist, ceramist and designer.
The founder of cubism (together with Georges Braque and Juan Gris), in which a three-dimensional body was depicted in an original manner as a series of planes combined together. Picasso worked a lot as a graphic artist, sculptor, ceramist, etc. He brought to life a lot of imitators and had an exceptional influence on the development of fine arts in the 20th century. According to the Museum contemporary art(New York), Picasso created about 20 thousand works in his life.
By expert opinion, Picasso is the most "expensive" artist in the world: in 2008, the volume of only official sales of his works amounted to 262 million dollars. On May 4, 2010, Picasso's Nude, Green Leaves and Bust sold at Christie's for $106,482,000 became the most expensive work art in the world at that time.
On May 11, 2015, a new absolute record was set at the Christie's auction for works of art sold at public auction - Pablo Picasso's painting "Women of Algeria (version O)" went for a record $179,365,000.
According to a poll of 1.4 million readers conducted by The Times in 2009, Picasso - best artist among those who have lived in the last 100 years. Also, his paintings take first place in terms of "popularity" among the kidnappers.
Childhood and years of study
According to the Spanish tradition, Picasso received two surnames from the first surnames of his parents: his father - Ruiz and his mother - Picasso. Full name, which future artist received at baptism - Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano (Crispiniano) de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso. The surname of Picasso by his mother, under which the artist gained fame, is of Italian origin: Picasso's mother's great-grandfather Tommaso moved to Spain in early XIX century from the town of Sori in the province of Genoa. Picasso was born in the house on Malaga's Merced Square, which now houses the artist's house-museum and the foundation that bears his name.
Picasso began to draw from childhood, he received his first lessons in artistic skill from his father, art teacher Jose Ruiz Blasco, and soon succeeded greatly in this. At the age of 8, he painted his first serious oil painting, "Picador" with which he did not part throughout his life.
In 1891, Don José received a position as a drawing teacher in A Coruña, and the young Pablo moved with his family to the north of Spain, where he studied at the local art school (1894-1895).
Subsequently, the family moved to Barcelona, and in 1895 Picasso entered the La Lonja School of Fine Arts. Pablo was only fourteen, so he was too young to enter La Longha. However, at the insistence of his father, he was allowed to take the entrance exams on a competitive basis. Picasso passed all the exams with flying colours, and entered La Longha. At first he signed with his father's name Ruiz Blasco, but then chose the name of the mother - Picasso.
In early October 1897, Picasso left for Madrid, where he entered the Royal Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando. Picasso used his stay in Madrid mainly for a detailed study of the collection of the Prado Museum, and not for studying at the academy with its classical traditions, where Picasso was cramped and bored.
Picasso returned to Barcelona in June 1898, where he joined art society Els Quatre Gats, after the name of a bohemian cafe with round tables. In this cafe in 1900, his first two solo exhibitions were held. In Barcelona, he became close to his future friends Carlos Casajemas and Jaime Sabartes, who later became characters in his paintings.
As a child, his mother put her son to bed and always read him fairy tales, which she herself invented using emotions from the past day. Then Pablo himself said that it was these tales that inspired in him the desire to create, using the same emotions of one day.
"Blue" and "pink" periods
In 1900, Picasso and his friend, the artist Casajemas, left for Paris, where they visited the World Exhibition. It was there that Pablo Picasso got acquainted with the work of the Impressionists. His life at this time was fraught with many difficulties, and the suicide of Carlos Casajemas had a profound effect on the young Picasso.
Under these circumstances, at the beginning of 1902, Picasso began to paint in a style that would later be called the "blue" period of the artist's work in Barcelona in 1903-1904. The themes of old age and death are clearly expressed in the works of this time, images of poverty, melancholy and sadness are characteristic (“Woman with a Bun of Hair”, 1903; Picasso believed: “who is sad is sincere”); people's movements are slowed down, they seem to listen to themselves ("Absinthe Drinker", 1901; "Woman with a Chignon", 1901; "Date", 1902; "A Beggar Old Man with a Boy", 1903; "Tragedy", 1903). The master's palette is dominated by blue shades. Displaying human suffering, Picasso during this period painted the blind, beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes. Their pale, somewhat elongated bodies in the paintings resemble the works Spanish artist El Greco.
The work of the transitional period - from "blue" to "pink" - "Girl on the ball" (1905, Museum of Fine Arts, Moscow).
In 1904, Picasso settled in Paris, where he found refuge in the famous Montmartre hostel for poor artists, Bateau Lavoir: the so-called “pink period” begins, in which sadness and poverty “ blue period” was replaced by images from the more lively world of theater and circus. The artist preferred pink-gold and pink-gray tones, and the characters were mostly wandering artists - clowns, dancers and acrobats; the paintings of this period are imbued with the spirit of the tragic loneliness of the destitute, the romantic life of wandering comedians (“The Family of an Acrobat with a Monkey”, 1905).
Cubism
From experimenting with color and conveying mood, Picasso turned to the analysis of form: the conscious deformation and destruction of nature (The Maidens of Avignon, 1907), the one-sided interpretation of Cezanne's system and the fascination with African sculpture lead him to a completely new genre. Together with Georges Braque, whom he met in 1907, Picasso becomes the founder of cubism - artistic direction, who rejected the traditions of naturalism and the figurative and cognitive function of art.
Picasso pays Special attention the transformation of forms into geometric blocks (“Factory in Horta de Ebro”, 1909), increases and breaks volumes (“Portrait of Fernanda Olivier”, 1909), cuts them into planes and faces, continuing in space, which he himself considers a solid body, inevitably limited by the plane of the picture (“Portrait of Kahnweiler”, 1910). The perspective disappears, the palette gravitates towards monochrome, and although the original goal of Cubism was to reproduce a sense of space and heaviness of the masses more convincingly than with the help of traditional techniques, Picasso's paintings often come down to incomprehensible puzzles. In order to get back in touch with reality, Picasso and Georges Braque introduce typographic type, elements of “decoy” and rough materials into their paintings: wallpaper, pieces of newspapers, matchboxes. Still life paintings begin to dominate, mainly with musical instruments, pipes and tobacco boxes, notes, bottles of wine, etc. - attributes inherent in the lifestyle of artistic bohemia at the beginning of the century. “Cubist cryptography” appears in the compositions: encrypted phone numbers, houses, scraps of the names of lovers, street names, zucchini. The collage technique connects the faces of the cubist prism into large planes (“Guitar and Violin”, 1913) or conveys in a calm and humorous manner the discoveries made in 1910-1913 (“Portrait of a Girl”, 1914). In the "synthetic" period, there is also a desire to harmonize color, balanced by compositions that sometimes fit into an oval. Actually, the cubist period in the work of Picasso ends shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, which divided him from Georges Braque. Although in his significant works the artist uses some cubist techniques until 1921 (“Three Musicians”, 1921).
Russian ballet
Pablo Picasso, caricature of Erik Satie. (1920)
In September 1916, writer-screenwriter Jean Cocteau and composer Eric Satie persuaded Picasso to participate in the production of the innovative "surreal" ballet Parade for Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Picasso is seriously interested in the idea of this ballet, gets involved in the work, and, in collaboration with Satie, completely reworks both the script and the set design. A month later, he leaves with the entire troupe of the Russian Ballets for two months in Rome, where he performs scenery, costumes, gets acquainted with the Parade choreographer Leonid Myasin and many others. ballet dancers Russian troupe. Introductory manifesto for the play "Parade", "... more truthful than the truth itself", in the spring of 1917, Guillaume Apollinaire wrote, declaring him in advance the herald of the "New Spirit" in art. Diaghilev deliberately relied on a great provocation and prepared it with all available means. It happened exactly as he planned. Big Scandal May 18, 1917, which took place at the premiere (and only performance) of this ballet at the Chatelet Theater, contributed a lot to the rise of Picasso's popularity in wide circles Parisian beau monde. The audience in the hall almost disrupted the performance with shouts of "Russian boches, down with the Russians, Sati and Picasso boches!" It even came to a fight. The press went on a rampage, critics declared the Russian Ballet to be almost traitors, demoralizing French society in the rear during a difficult and unsuccessful war. Here is just one of the reviews, indicative of their tone, that came out the day after the premiere of Parade. By the way, the author of this article was not at all some marginal critic, but quite respectable Leo Poldes, owner of the Club du Faubourg...
An anti-harmonious, psychotic composer of typewriters and rattles, Eric Satie, for his own pleasure, smeared the reputation of the Russian Ballet with mud, making a scandal,<…>while talented musicians are humbly waiting to be played... And the geometric muff and smut Picasso has climbed to the forefront of the stage, while talented artists are humbly waiting to be exhibited.
Diaghilev was extremely pleased with the effect produced. Picasso's collaboration with the Ballets Russes continued actively after Parade (set and costumes for Manuel de Falla's Tricorne, 1919). New form activities, vivid stage images and large objects resurrect in him an interest in decorativism and theatricality of plots.
During the Roman preparations for Parade, Picasso met the ballerina Olga Khokhlova, who became his first wife. On February 12, 1918, they get married in a Russian church in Paris, Jean Cocteau, Max Jacob and Guillaume Apollinaire were witnesses at their wedding. They have a son, Paulo (February 4, 1921).
The euphoric and conservative atmosphere of post-war Paris, Picasso's marriage to Olga Khokhlova, the artist's success in society - all this partly explains the return to figurativeness, temporary and, moreover, relative, since Picasso continued to paint at that time pronounced cubist still lifes ("Mandolin and Guitar", 1924).
Surrealism
In 1925 begins one of the most difficult and uneven periods in the work of Picasso. After the epicurean grace of the 1920s (The Dance), Picasso creates an atmosphere of convulsions and hysteria, a surreal world of hallucinations, which can be explained in part by the influence of Surrealist poets, manifested in some drawings, poems written in 1935, and a theater play created during the war. For several years, Picasso’s imagination seemed to be able to create only monsters, some creatures torn apart (“Seated Bather”, 1929), screaming (“Woman in an Armchair”, 1929), bloated to the point of absurdity and shapeless (“Bather”, drawing, 1927) or embodying metamorphic and aggressively erotic images (“Figures on the Seashore”, 1931). Despite a few quieter works, which are the most significant in terms of painting, stylistically it was a very changeable period (Girl in front of a Mirror, 1932). Women remain the main victims of his cruel unconscious quirks, perhaps because Picasso himself did not get along well with his own wife or because simple beauty Marie-Therese Walter, whom he met in March 1932, inspired him to frank sensuality ("Mirror", 1932). She also became the model for several serene and majestic sculptural busts executed in 1932 at the Château de Bouagelou, which he purchased in 1930. In the years 1930-1934, it is in sculpture that Picasso’s entire life force is expressed: busts and female nudes, in which Matisse’s influence is sometimes noticeable (“Reclining Woman”, 1932), animals, small figures in the spirit of surrealism (“Man with a Bouquet”, 1934) and especially metal structures that have semi-abstract, semi-real forms and sometimes made of rough materials (he creates them with the help of his friend, the Spanish sculptor Julio Gon sales - "Construction", 1931). Along with these strange and sharp forms, Picasso's engravings for Ovid's Metamorphoses (1930) testify to the persistence of his classical inspiration.
"Guernica" and pacifism
In 1937, Picasso's sympathies were on the side of the Republicans fighting in Spain (a series of aquatints "Dreams and Lies of General Franco", printed in the form of postcards, were scattered from aircraft over the positions of the Francoists). In April 1937, German and Italian aircraft bombed and destroyed the small Basque town of Guernica, the cultural and political center of life for this freedom-loving people. In two months, Picasso creates his "Guernica" - a huge canvas that was exhibited in the Republican Pavilion of Spain on world exhibition in Paris. Light and dark monochrome colors seem to convey the feeling of flashes of fire. In the center of the composition, like a frieze, in the combinatorics of cubist-surrealistic elements, a fallen warrior, a woman running up to him and a wounded horse are shown. The main theme is accompanied by images of a weeping woman with a dead child and a bull behind her back, and a female figure in a flame with her hands raised up. Into the darkness of a small square, over which a lantern hangs, a long arm is stretched out with a lantern as a symbol of hope.
The horror that seized Picasso in the face of the threat of barbarism hanging over Europe, his fear of war and fascism, the artist did not express directly, but gave his paintings an alarming tone and gloom (“ Fishing at night in Antibes", 1939), sarcasm, bitterness, which did not affect only children's portraits ("Maya and her doll", 1938). Once again, women were the main victims of this general gloomy mood. Among them is Dora Maar, with whom the artist became close in 1936 and Beautiful face which he deformed and distorted with grimaces (The Weeping Woman, 1937). Never before has an artist's misogyny been expressed with such bitterness; crowned with ridiculous hats, faces depicted in front and in profile, wild, crushed, then dissected bodies, swollen to monstrous proportions, and their parts are combined into burlesque forms (“Morning Serenade”, 1942). The German occupation could not frighten Picasso: he remained in Paris from 1940 to 1944. She also did not weaken his activity: portraits, sculptures (“Man with a Lamb”), meager still lifes, which sometimes express with deep tragedy all the hopelessness of the era (“Still Life with a Bull's Skull”, 1942).
In 1944, Picasso joined the French Communist Party. The humanistic views of Picasso are manifested in his works. In 1950 he paints the famous "Dove of Peace".
After the war
The post-war work of Picasso can be called happy; he becomes close to Françoise Gilot, whom he met in 1945 and who will bear him two children, thus giving the subject of his many charming family paintings. He leaves Paris for the south of France, discovers the joy of the sun, the beach, the sea. The works created in 1945-1955, very Mediterranean in spirit, are characterized by their atmosphere of pagan idyll and the return of antique moods, which find their expression in paintings and drawings created at the end of 1946 in the halls of the Antibes Museum, which later became the Picasso Museum ("Joy of Life").
In the autumn of 1947, Picasso began working at the Madura factory in Vallauris; fascinated by the problems of craft and manual labor, he himself makes many dishes, decorative plates, anthropomorphic jugs and figurines in the form of animals (Centaur, 1958), sometimes somewhat archaic in manner, but always full of charm and wit. Particularly important in that period were sculptures (The Pregnant Woman, 1950). Some of them (“Goat”, 1950; “Monkey with a Baby”, 1952) are made of random materials (the belly of a goat is made from an old basket) and are among the masterpieces of assemblage technique. In 1953, Francoise Gilot and Picasso part ways. This was the beginning of a severe moral crisis for the artist, which is echoed in a remarkable series of drawings executed between the end of 1953 and the end of the winter of 1954; in them, Picasso, in his own way, in a puzzling and ironic manner, expressed the bitterness of old age and his skepticism in relation to painting itself. In Vallauris, the artist began in 1954 a series portrait images"Sylvette". In the same year, Picasso meets Jacqueline Roque, who in 1958 will become his wife and inspire a series of statuary portraits. In 1956, a documentary film about the artist "The Mystery of Picasso" was released on French screens.
The works of the last fifteen years of the artist's work are very diverse and unequal in quality ("Workshop in Cannes", 1956). One can, however, single out the Spanish source of inspiration (“Portrait of the Artist, in imitation of El Greco”, 1950) and elements of tauromachy (Picasso was a passionate admirer of the bullfight popular in southern France), expressed in drawings and watercolors in the spirit of Goya (1959-1968). A sense of dissatisfaction with one's own work marked a series of interpretations and variations on the themes of the famous paintings “Girls on the Bank of the Seine. According to Courbet" (1950); "Algerian women. According to Delacroix (1955); "Menins. According to Velasquez" (1957); "Breakfast on the grass. According to Manet (1960).
Picasso died on April 8, 1973 in Mougins (France) at his villa Notre Dame de Vie. He was buried near the Vovenart castle that belonged to him.
IN THE USSR
In the USSR, the work of Picasso was perceived ambiguously. According to the famous art critic I. N. Golomshtok":
For socialist realist artists - academicians, members of the board of the Moscow Union of Artists - Picasso was, perhaps, the main enemy. On the one hand - a communist, a progressive figure, a fighter for peace, and it was dangerous to touch him; on the other hand... The point is not that, from their point of view, he was a "bourgeois formalist", one could still come to terms with this, the main thing is that he was Great master, and when compared with his works, all the great achievements Soviet art dimmed and discarded a century ago. For a trained eye, this was visible at first sight, for an untrained eye, at a second. It was impossible to come to terms with this, and the struggle with Picasso went in different directions.
Family
Pablo Picasso was married twice:
- on Olga Khokhlova (1891-1955) - in 1917-1935
- son Paulo (1921-1975)
- on Jacqueline Rock (1927-1986) - in 1961-1973, no children, Picasso's widow, committed suicide
- adopted daughter Catherine Hutin-Ble (b. 1952)
In addition, he had illegitimate children:
- from Marie-Therese Walter:
- daughter Maya (b. 1935)
- from Françoise Gilot (b. 1921):
- son Claude (b. 1947)
- daughter Paloma (b. 1949) - French designer
Awards
- Laureate of the International Lenin Prize"For the strengthening of peace between peoples" (1962).
Memory
- The Picasso Museum was opened in Barcelona. In 1960 close friend and Picasso's assistant Jaime Sabartes i Gual decides to donate his collection of Picasso's works and organize a Picasso museum. On May 9, 1963, a museum called the Sabartes Collection was opened in the Gothic palace of Berenguer de Aguilar. The Picasso Museum occupies five mansions in Montcada Meca, Berenguer d'Aguilar, Mauri, Finestres and Baro de Castellet. The museum, which opened in 1968, was based on the collection of Picasso's friend Jaime Sabartes. After the death of Sabartes, Picasso, as a token of his love for the city and in addition to the huge will of Sabartes, in 1970 gave the museum about 2450 works (canvases, engravings and drawings), 141 works of ceramics. More than 3,500 works by Picasso make up the museum's permanent collection.
- In 1985, the Picasso Museum was opened in Paris (Sale Hotel); this included works donated by the artist's heirs - more than 200 paintings, 158 sculptures, collages and thousands of drawings, prints and documents, as well as Picasso's personal collection. New gifts from the heirs (1990) enriched the Picasso Museum in Paris, the Musée d'Art Moderne in Paris and several provincial museums (paintings, drawings, sculptures, ceramics, engravings and lithographs). In 2003, the Picasso Museum was opened in his hometown of Malaga.
- His role in James Ivory's Living a Life with Picasso (1996) was played by Anthony Hopkins.
- Several Citroën car models have been named after Picasso.
In philately
Postage stamps of the USSR
1973
1981
Data
- In 2006, casino owner Steve Wynn, who bought Picasso's Dream for $48.4 million in the 1990s, agreed to sell the Cubist masterpiece for $139 million to American collector Stephen Cohen. The deal fell through as Wynn, suffering from an eye condition and seeing poorly, awkwardly turned around and jabbed his elbow through the canvas. He himself called the incident "the most clumsy and stupid gesture in the world." After restoration, the painting was put up for auction by Christie's, where on March 27, 2013 Cohen bought it for $155 million. According to Bloomberg, at the time it was maximum amount paid for a work of art by an American collector.
- In the spring of 2015, Picasso's painting "Women of Algiers" (fr. Les Femmes d "Algers) was sold in New York for $ 179 million, becoming the most expensive painting ever sold at auction.
periodization
List of paintings painted by Picasso, according to the periods of his work.
Early period
"Picador", 1889
"First Communion", 1895-1896
“Barefoot girl. Fragment”, 1895
"Self-portrait", 1896
"Portrait of the artist's mother", 1896
"Knowledge and Mercy", 1897
"Matador Luis Miguel Dominguin", 1897
Lola, Picasso's sister, 1899
"Spanish couple in front of the hotel", 1900
"Blue" period
"The Absinthe Drinker", 1901
"Bending Harlequin", 1901
"Woman with a chignon", 1901
"The Death of Casagemas", 1901
"Self-portrait in the blue period", 1901
"Portrait of the art dealer Pedro Manach", 1901
"Woman in a blue hat", 1901
"Woman with a Cigarette", 1901
"Gourmet", 1901
"Absinthe", 1901
"Date (Two Sisters)", 1902
"The head of a woman", 1902-1903
"Old Guitarist", 1903
Blind Man's Breakfast, 1903
"Life", 1903
"Tragedy", 1903
"Portrait of Soler", 1903
"The beggar old man with the boy", 1903
"Ascetic", 1903
"Woman with a crow", 1904
"Catalan sculptor Manolo (Manuel Hugo)", 1904
"Ironer", 1904
"Pink" period
"Girl on a ball", 1905
"In the cabaret Lapin Agil or Harlequin with a glass", 1905
Harlequin Seated on a Red Bench, 1905
"Acrobats (Mother and Son)", 1905
"Girl in a shirt", 1905
"Family of comedians", 1905
"Two brothers", 1905
"Two young men", 1905
"Acrobat and young Harlequin", 1905
Magician and Still Life, 1905
"Lady with a fan", 1905
"Girl with a goat", 1906
“Peasants. Composition", 1906
"Naked Youth", 1906
"Glassware", 1906
"Boy Leading a Horse", 1906
"Toilet", 1906
"Haircut", 1906
"Self-portrait with palette", 1906
"African" period
"Portrait of Gertrude Stein", 1906
Girls of Avignon, 1907
"Self-portrait", 1907
"Naked woman (bust image)", 1907
"Dance with Veils", 1907
"Head of a Woman", 1907
"Head of a Man", 1907
Cubism
"Seated woman", 1908
"Friendship", 1908
"Green bowl and black bottle", 1908
"Pot, glass and book", 1908
Cans and bowls, 1908
"Flowers in a gray jug and a glass with a spoon", 1908
"Farmer", 1908
Dryad, 1908
"Three Women", 1908
"Woman with a fan", 1908
"Two nude figures", 1908
"Bathing", 1908
"Bouquet of flowers in a gray jug", 1908
"Portrait of Fernard Olivier", 1909
"Bread and a bowl of fruit on the table", 1909
"Woman with a mandolin", 1909
"Man with Crossed Arms", 1909
"Woman with a fan", 1909
"Nude", 1909
"Vase, fruit and glass", 1909
"Young lady", 1909
"Factory in Horta de San Juan", 1909
"Nude", 1910
"Portrait of Daniel-Henry Caveiller", 1912
"Still life with a wicker chair", 1911-1912
"Violin", 1912
"Nude, I love Eve", 1912
"Restaurant: Turkey with truffles and wine", 1912
"Bottle of Pernod (table in a cafe)", 1912
"Musical Instruments", 1912
"Tavern (Ham)", 1912
"Violin and Guitar", 1913
"Clarinet and violin", 1913
"Guitar", 1913
"Gambler", 1913-1914
"Composition. Vase of fruit and a cut pear, 1913-1914
"Vase for fruit and a bunch of grapes", 1914
"Portrait of Ambroise Vollard", 1915
"Harlequin", 1915
Polichenelle with a guitar in front of a curtain, 1919
"Three musicians or masked musicians", 1921
"Three Musicians", 1921
"Still life with guitar", 1921
"Classic" period
"Portrait of Olga in an armchair", 1917
"Staging sketch for the ballet" Parade "", 1917
"Harlequin with a guitar", 1917
"Pierrot", 1918
"Bathers", 1918
"Still life", 1918
"Still life with a jug and apples", 1919
"Still life", 1919
Sleeping Peasants, 1919
"Guitar, bottle, fruit bowl and glass on the table", 1919
"Three dancers", 1919-1920
"Group of dancers. Olga Khokhlova lies in the foreground, 1919-1920
"Juan-les-Pins", 1920
"Portrait of Igor Stravinsky", 1920
"Reading a letter", 1921
"Mother and child", 1922
"Women running on the beach", 1922
"Classic Head", 1922
"Portrait of Olga Picasso", 1922-1923
"Country dance", 1922-1923
"Children's portrait of Paul Picasso", 1923
"Lovers", 1923
Pan's pipe, 1923
"Seated Harlequin", 1923
Madame Olga Picasso, 1923
"Mother Picasso", 1923
Olga Khokhlova, Picasso's first wife, 1923
Paul dressed as a Harlequin, 1924
"Paul dressed as Pierrot", 1925
"Three Graces", 1925
Surrealism
"Dance", 1925
"Bather opening the booth", 1928
"Nude on the beach", 1929
"Nude on the beach", 1929
"Nude in an armchair", 1929
"Acrobat", 1930
"Crucifixion", 1930
"Figures on the beach", 1931
"Girl throwing a stone", 1931
"Nude and still life", 1931
"Dream", 1932 (painting "Le Rêve" mentioned above in "Interesting Facts")
"Nude in an armchair", 1932
"Still life - bust, bowl and palette", 1932
"Woman with a flower", 1932
War. Guernica
Guernica, 1937
"Weeping Woman", 1937
"Wounded bird and cat", 1938
"Night fishing in Antibes", 1939
"Still life with a bull's skull", 1942
"Crypt", 1944-1945
"Still Life", 1945
After the war
"Portrait of Francoise", 1946
"Woman in an armchair I", 1948
"Claude, son of Picasso", 1948
"Woman with green hair", 1949
"Paloma and Claude, children of Picasso", 1950
"Paloma with celluloid fish", 1950
Francoise Gilot with Claude and Paloma, 1951
Francoise, Claude and Paloma, 1951
"Knight, page and monk", 1951
"Portrait of Sylvette", 1954
Later works
"Jacqueline with Flowers" 1954 Oil on canvas. 116x88.5 cm.
"Jacqueline Rock", 1954
"Jacqueline Rock", 1955
Jacqueline in Turkish costume. 1955 Oil on canvas
"Algerian women. By Delacroix. 1955 Oil on canvas. 114x146 cm
"Paloma Picasso", 1956
"California" workshop in Cannes, 1956
Jacqueline in the Studio, 1956
"Doves", 1957
"Menins. According to Velasquez, 1957 Oil on canvas. 194x260 cm.
"Jacqueline Rock", 1957
"Jacqueline in the studio". 1957 Oil on canvas
"King of the Minotaurs", 1958
"Monolithic Nude", 1958
"Nude in an armchair", 1959
"Nude in an armchair with a bottle of Evian water, a glass and shoes", 1959
"Jacqueline de Vauvenargues", 1959
Vauvenargues in the rain, 1959 Oil on canvas.
El Bobo, 1959
"Naked Queen of the Amazons with a servant", 1960
"Jacqueline", 1960
"Portrait of a seated woman", 1960
"Breakfast on the grass. According to Manet, 1960, August. Canvas, oil. 129x195 cm. Picasso Museum, Paris.
"Breakfast on the grass. According to Manet, 1961
"Woman", 1961
"Violence on the Sabines" ("The Abduction of the Sabines"), 1962-1963 Canvas, oil.
"Artist and Model", 1963
"Nude sitting in an armchair 2", 1965
"Naked man and woman", 1965
"Serenade", 1965
"Peeing", 1965
Man, Mother and Child II, 1965
"Portrait of Jacqueline", 1965
"Seated Man (Self-portrait)", 1965
"Sleeping", 1965
"Artist and Model", 1965
"Drawing nude in an armchair", 1965
"Bust of a bearded man", 1965
"Serenade", 1965
"Head of a Man", 1965
"Nude sitting in an armchair 1", 1965
"Cat and Lobster", 1965
"Scenery. Mougins. 1", 1965
Model in Atelier 3, 1965
Seated Nude Woman, 1965
"Head of a Woman", 1965
"Artist in a hat", 1965
"Model in Atelier 1", 1965
"Head of a bearded man", 1965
"Bust of a Man", 1965
"Girlfriends", 1965
"Head of a Woman", 1965
Model in Atelier 3, 1965
"Head of a Woman", 1965
"Omar and the cat", 1965
"Two naked men and a seated child", 1965
"Riders in the Circus". 1967 Oil on canvas
"Musketeer". 1967 Oil on canvas 81x65 cm
"Bust of a matador 1", 1970
"Bust of a Woman 1", 1970
"Mustache Man", 1970
Bust of a Woman 2, 1970
"Head of a Man 2", 1970
"Character", 1970
"Man and woman with a bouquet", 1970
"Hugs", 1970
"Portrait of a man in a gray hat", 1970
"Head of Harlequin", 1971
"Two", 1973
Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz and Picasso (1881 -1973) - the great Spanish artist and the most provocative painter of the 20th century Pablo Picasso lived for 91 years. In almost all areas of contemporary art, he left his indelible mark.
BIOGRAPHY OF PABLO PICASSO
He was born in 1881. Pablo took his mother's surname, since his father's surname - Ruiz - was very ordinary, besides, the father of the future artist was an artist himself, and Pablo had someone to learn from.
As a child, his father allowed Pablo to finish the work for him - for example, to finish painting the legs of pigeons. Once, when Pablo had the opportunity to do a larger work, Jose Ruiz was amazed by his technique, and, as one of the legends about Picasso says, he was so amazed that from that day he himself stopped painting.
Already at the age of 16, Pablo went to Madrid, the best at that time art school. He did not study there for long, although he managed to impress both fellow students and teachers with his skill. He became much more interested in various aspects of life. big city, and also plunged headlong into the work of artists of interest to him - Diego Velazquez, Francisco Goya, and especially El Greco.
Picasso lived a very long life, never stopping creating. For almost a century of life, he experienced many creative changes, romantic meetings with women, changed a dozen luxurious houses and died a multimillionaire.
THE CREATIVITY OF PABLO PICASSO
"Brilliant talent" - this is how the teenager was described at the Madrid Academy of Fine Arts. However, Pablo soon announced to his parents that sheer conservatism reigns there and he will not learn anything new. At the age of 15, the young artist created a work of deep content - "Knowledge and Mercy". The picture received a gold medal, and the first one was held in the Four Cats cafe personal exhibition Pablo.
In 1900, Picasso visited Paris and fell ill with it. Four years later, he moved there to live. "Bending Harlequin", "Absinthe Drinker". The artist removes everything superfluous from the compositions, perfectly conveying emotional condition heroes.
Gradually, multicolor disappears from Picasso's paintings, giving way to a piercing blue color. The works are filled with a feeling of longing and loneliness, which are akin to the mood of the painter himself.
Knowledge and Mercy Bowed Harlequin Absinthe Drinker
Changes in the life of the master followed after his acquaintance with the Russian philanthropist and collector Pyotr Shchukin. He bought several paintings young artist. Well, then Pablo's life was illuminated by love for the red-haired beauty Fernande Olivier, who inspired the artist to create the famous image of a woman guitar. The girl lived in the same house as the master. Jealous Picasso put a lock on the door, protecting his treasure. Transparent and light colors appeared in his palette.
The "pink" period reflects Pablo's passion for the circus. Harlequins and street gymnasts are his favorite characters. A miniature gymnast wants to keep her balance while standing on a spinning ball; she is impressed with her progress, showing her dexterity and grace to the man sitting next to her ("Girl on the Ball"). The painting is truly magical property: not a single detail can be excluded from it - otherwise the whole composition will crumble.
The connection of geometric objects and human figures. In 1906, the artist's manner changed dramatically. In "The Girls of Avignon" the master created a completely new reality, by constructing figures from geometric volumes broken by sharp corners. The public and friends of Picasso were shocked. However, it is this work that will be called an important step towards cubism. Visual Esperanto, as the genre is called, developed in stages.
The "Cezanne" stage is characterized by gray, brown and green tones ("Woman with a fan"), and the image is built on a comparison of geometric figures. "Analytical" cubism literally "splits" the image into parts. The canvas resembles fragments of broken glass, keeping the reflection of a person (“Portrait of Ambroise Vollard”). “Synthetic” cubism (“Violin and Guitar”) is distinguished by decorativeness and contrast. Despite the rejection by the audience of most of Picasso's ideas, his paintings sold well.
Woman with a fan Portrait of Ambroise Vollard Violin and guitar
In 1917, the artist decided to try his hand at a new field, creating scenery and costumes for the performances of the Diaghilev Ballet in Paris. Olga Khokhlova danced in the corps de ballet, had a proud posture, was aristocratically refined and impregnable (“Portrait of Olga in an Armchair”). Passionately in love, Pablo married his beloved. Olga strove to make her bohemian husband more refined. However, it soon turned out that they were absolutely different people. Even the birth of a son did not save the dying relationship.
Well, since 1927, the image of a fair-haired woman ("Dream") began to appear on the artist's canvases. Marie-Thérèse Walter's infatuation coincided with attempts to express herself in a surrealist manner. Scandals in the family and quarrels with Marie-Therese - Picasso cut this Gordian knot in one fell swoop, leaving both women.
The avant-garde photographer Dora Maar acted as an intellectual outlet for the artist. She filmed the entire process of creating the famous triptych "Guernica" - the master's response to wartime events. Dora stood on long years main model Picasso.
Pablo knew the real joy of life with the young artist Francoise Gillot ("Joy of Life"). Independent and freedom-loving, she gave the artist a son, Claude, and a daughter, Paloma, but could not be with him.
The last companion and second official wife of the master, Jacqueline Roque, called him "monsignor" and kissed his hands. One of the best works late creativity Picasso - "The Kiss" Everything about it is oversized. The woman clung to her beloved man with trusting devotion, peering into her dear features.
Portrait of Olga in an armchair Sleep Joy of life Kiss
One can argue for a long time about whether Picasso loved his muses or mistook infatuation for love. One thing is clear: all of them were needed to leave the invaluable legacy of a genius, the significance of which for world art is difficult to overestimate. These are 50 thousand paintings, sculptures, ceramics and drawings. Such creative energy completely changed the landscape of world painting; even during his lifetime, Picasso was recognized as a genius of the 20th century.
INTERESTING FACTS FROM THE LIFE OF PABLO PICASSO
At birth, Pablo was considered dead - the child was born so weak. The mother had a very difficult birth, and this could not but affect the heir. The midwife even went to tell the mother of the child the sad news that the baby was stillborn. However, Uncle Picasso loved cigars, and even entered the room where the “dead” nephew lay, holding a smoking cigar in his mouth. Without thinking twice, the uncle blew a jet of smoke into the face of the baby, and he reacted by crying. Naturally, after that he was no longer considered dead.
The boy's first word was "PIZ" - short for "LAPIZ" ("pencil" in Spanish). Father Pablo, an artist by profession, began to educate an artist in his son, starting at the age of 7. However, Picasso's father vowed to give up his vocation when his son was 13 years old - already then he surpassed his father (by the way, an art professor).
The artist painted his first picture at the age of nine, it was a rider on a horse who participated in a bullfight. Already at the age of 15, Picasso created his first masterpiece - a painting depicting his relatives at the altar.
The artist was very quick-tempered from childhood, and he was constantly punished. The temperament of the artist became more and more eccentric with age, but his talent did not disappear, but became brighter.
Picasso got his first serious job by signing a contract with the art dealer Pere Menach from Paris. This brought him 150 francs (in modern money, about 750 US dollars - of course, in terms of).
In 1909, a young Picasso and a friend invented cubism, though they didn't come up with the name, but a French critic who noticed that Picasso's paintings were full of cubes.
Picasso was extraordinarily wealthy, and left behind only $1.5 billion worth of real estate. His paintings are generally invaluable. Now some of the works of Pablo Picasso are estimated at hundreds of millions of dollars.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kostenevich A. "Dryad". Genesis and meaning of Picasso's painting // Bulletin of History, Literature, Art. Department of History and Philology. Sciences RAS. M.: Collection; The science. T. 1. 2005. C. 118-131.
Pablo Picasso. Poems.
M., Marina Picasso. Grandfather: memories.
M., Nadezhdin N. Ya. Pablo Picasso: "The Flame of Guernica": Biographical stories. - 2nd ed. - M.: Major, Osipenko, 2011. - 192 p. - (Series "Informal biographies"). - 2000 copies.
Herman M. Yu. “Picasso. Path to triumph” // M.: Art-21st century. 2013
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Pablo Picasso is a talented Spanish and French artist and sculptor. He is one of the founders of cubism. The name Pablo Picasso (at birth - Pablo Diego José Francisco de Paula Juan Nepomuseno Maria de los Remedios Cipriano de la Santisima Trinidad Martir Patricio Ruiz y Picasso) was very long, so he used his mother's surname to sign his works. He is one of the most famous artists 20th century. According to art historians, his works are the most expensive. Below is short review life and
Childhood and youthful years of the artist
Pablo Picasso's date of birth is October 25, 1881, he was born in Spain. He started drawing from an early age. The boy's first lessons were given by his father, who was a drawing teacher. Pablo Picasso's family was simple, despite the fact that the mother belonged to a wealthy family of vineyard owners. Young artist made great strides and already at the age of 8 he painted his first picture.
IN short biography Pablo Picasso, it should be noted that in 1891 the boy moved with his family to the northern part of Spain, because his father began to teach drawing in A Coruña. The boy continued his studies at the local art school from 1894 to 1895.
Then the family moved to Barcelona, and in 1895 Picasso began to study at the La Lonja School of Fine Arts. Even then, people were able to appreciate his talent: Picasso was young to study at this school, but his father insisted that his son try to enter on a competitive basis. He passed all the exams with excellence and began his studies.
In 1897, Pablo continued his studies in fine arts in Madrid. But most time he devoted to studying the collection of the Prado Museum. Studying at the academy, in which they adhered classical traditions seemed too boring to the artist.
In 1898 he returned to Barcelona and joined a society of artists, which met in a bohemian cafe. In a brief biography of Pablo Picasso, it is noted that it was in this cafe in 1900 that the first exhibitions of his works took place. At the same time, the artist met K. Casagemas and H. Sabartes, whom he later depicted on his canvases.
"Blue" and "pink" periods
In a brief biography of Pablo Picasso, you need to give a short description of the "blue" and "pink" periods. In 1900, the artist went to Paris with Casagemas. At the World Exhibition, he gets acquainted with the works of the Impressionists. That period was not easy for Picasso, and the suicide of Casagemas was a great shock to the young artist.
Under the influence of these circumstances, in early 1902, Picasso began to create in a style that was called "blue". The main themes of the paintings were old age, death, poverty, melancholy and melancholy. The people depicted in the paintings seem thoughtful, slowed down, immersed in their inner world. Among all the shades, the artist uses blue most of all. The heroes of Picasso's paintings were cripples and representatives of the lower strata of society. His canvases are somewhat similar to the work of the artist El Greco.
In 1904, Picasso moved to Paris and his residence was a hostel for poor artists. This was the beginning of the "pink" period in his work. For changing sad images came the theme of the circus and theater. The palette was dominated by pink-gold and pink-gray, and itinerant artists became the main characters of the canvases. In these paintings, the romantic spirit of a lonely wandering artist was felt.
"Girl on the Ball"
This work is the most famous creation of the "pink" period. It was written in 1905. The heroes are a fragile gymnast and a resting athlete. The main theme of the canvas is a traveling circus.
The gymnast works out her number on the ball, and the athlete is resting on the cube. The landscape evokes despondency, melancholy and contrasts with a cheerful craft circus artists. Also, the contrast in this picture is represented by the depicted geometric figures- a cube and a ball, a mobile gymnast and a resting athlete.
In 1913 this canvas was acquired by I. A. Morozov, and in 1948 it became part of the exposition. State Museum fine arts them. A. S. Pushkin.
Cubism
In a brief biography of Pablo Picasso, the theme of cubism occupies a special place. The artist became more interested in the analysis of forms than experiments with color. Together with J. Braque in 1907, he creates a new direction in fine arts- cubism. Most often on the canvases, Picasso depicted still lifes, musical instruments and other items that were inherent in the representatives of Bohemia.
The period of cubism in the artist's work ended after the First World War. But some elements of cubism appeared in the canvases of Picasso until 1921.
Surrealist period
In a brief biography of Pablo Picasso, it should be noted that the period of surrealism is one of the ambiguous and uneven periods in the artist's work. An absolutely surreal world appears on the canvases, a difficult atmosphere for perception. In the paintings there were incomprehensible creatures, shapeless, screaming or aggressively sensual images.
During this period, he also created calm works that stood out strongly from the rest. Most often in this creative period women became the heroines of the paintings. Reasons for them frequent occurrence, may have been due to the fact that the artist did not get along well with his wife. In 1918, Picasso married and the Russian ballerina Olga Khokhlova, and in 1921 the couple had a son.
The artist was inspired to create sensual canvases by Marie-Therese Walter, whom he met in 1932. During this period, Picasso creates busts, strange abstract forms from rough materials. But at the same time, in some works you can see that he was also inspired by classical forms.
Creation of "Guernica"
In 1937, German and Italian aircraft destroyed Guernica, the capital of the Basques. This news so shocked the artist that in two months Pablo Picasso writes one of his most famous paintings - "Guernica". The play of colors creates the appearance of a fire, and the central place in the composition was given to a fallen warrior and a woman running up to him. This canvas conveys the horror and despair that gripped the inhabitants of Guernica. This creation was exhibited at the World Exhibition in Paris.
During the war period, Picasso's paintings served as a reflection of that time: they were executed in gloomy shades and conveyed a sense of anxiety. Then the main characters of his paintings again became women with distorted faces, shapeless figures. From 1940 to 1944, Picasso remained in Paris and continued to create. In 1944, the artist joined the Communist Party, and in 1950, Picasso created the famous "Dove of Peace".
Creativity in the post-war period
This period can be called happy for the artist. In 1945, he met Francoise Gilot, who would become the mother of his two children. The main theme of the paintings is family life. The artist and his family moved to the south of France, full of Mediterranean charm.
Pablo Picasso creates not only canvases, but also engages in crafts and manual labor. He creates decorative plates, figurines, paintings. In 1953, Pablo separated from his wife, during this period he wrote several wonderful works. In 1958, Picasso marries Jacqueline Roque, who inspires him to create new paintings.
The works of the artist are distinguished by the quality of execution and their diversity. Pablo Picasso died on April 8, 1973 in France. Talented artist rendered big influence for the development of fine arts.
Pablo Ruiz Picasso (Picasso Pablo) (1881–1973), Spanish painter and sculptor, who lived in France from 1904. Picasso is an inventor of new forms of painting, an innovator of styles and methods, and one of the most prolific artists in history. He created more than 20 thousand works. Born in Malaga on October 25, 1881. The genius of Picasso revealed himself early: at the age of 10 he painted his first paintings, and at 15 he brilliantly passed the entrance exam to the School of Fine Arts in Barcelona.
woman in blue
1901, Reina Sofia Center, Madrid
Life,
1903, Art Museum, Cleveland
family of comedians
1905, National Gallery, Washington
Girl on the Ball,
1905, Pushkin Museum, Moscow
boy with horse
1905, Museum of modern. art, New York
Mother and child
1905, Stuttgart Gallery, Germany
Between 1900 and 1902, he made three trips to Paris and finally settled there in 1904. The styles of the French Impressionist painters, especially Degas and Toulouse-Lautrec strong influence for the formation creative manner Spanish painter during this period. Picasso's "Blue Room" (1901, Phillips Collection, Washington) reflects the influence of these artists and at the same time shows the evolution of his work during the "blue period", which is so named because various shades of blue and blue dominated his work over the next few years.
Displaying human suffering, Picasso during this period painted the blind, beggars, alcoholics and prostitutes. Their somewhat elongated bodies in the paintings are reminiscent of the work of the Spanish artist El Greco. The same circle of images, starting from 1905, acquires a different color from him. As if a ray of hope penetrates the souls of his heroes along with the appearance of lighter and more transparent colors in the colorful range of his paintings: to lightened shades of blue color pink, ash-pink, golden-pink tones join. After the works of the "blue" period, the paintings of the "pink" period represent the world of circus performers and tramps ("Family of acrobats with a monkey", 1905, Gothenburg, Art Museum; "Girl on a Ball", Moscow, Pushkin State Museum of Fine Arts; "Family of Comedians", Washington, National Gallery).
Toilet (Fernanda),
1906, Albright-Knox Gallery, Buffalo
Dance with veils
1907, Hermitage, St. Petersburg
The Maidens of Avignon, 1907, Museum of Modern Art, New York
Dryad, 1908
Three women, 1908
Friendship, 1908
These three paintings are in the collection State Hermitage in St. Petersburg
Cubism. In 1907-1914 Picasso works in such close collaboration with Braque that it is not always possible to establish his contribution at different stages of the Cubist revolution. After the period of Cézannism, which ended with the portrait of Clovis Sago (spring 1909, Hamburg, Kunsthalle), Picasso pays special attention to the transformation of forms into geometric blocks, cuts them into planes and faces, continuing in a space that the artist himself considers solid, inevitably limited by the plane of the picture ("Portrait of Kahnweiler", 1910, Art Institute). The perspective disappears, the palette gravitates towards monochrome, Picasso's paintings are often reduced to incomprehensible puzzles. Actually, the cubist period in the work of Picasso ends shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, which separated him from Braque. Although in his significant works the artist uses some cubist techniques until 1923 (Women running along the shore, 1922, New York, Museum of Modern Art).
Portrait of Ambroise Vollard,
1910, Pushkin Museum named after A.S. Pushkin
Pierrot, 1918, Museum
Contemporary Art, New York
Lovers, 1923,
National Gallery, Washington
The portrait of Ambroise Vollard, the owner of the gallery, collector, connoisseur of art, friend of artists, is made in the forms of analytical cubism. The portrait was purchased by I. A. Morozov in 1913 from Vollard himself. The euphoric and conservative atmosphere of post-war Paris, Picasso's marriage to Olga Khokhlova, the artist's success in society - all this partly explains this return to figurativeness, relative and temporary, since Picasso continued to paint at that time pronounced cubist still lifes.
Along with the cycle of giantesses and bathers, paintings inspired by the "Pompeian" style ("Woman in White", 1923, New York, Museum of Modern Art), numerous portraits of his wife ("Portrait of Olga", pastel, 1923, private collection) and son ("Paul in a Harlequin costume", Paris, Picasso Museum) are some of the most captivating works ever written by the artist, even though their slightly classical orientation and parody they somewhat puzzled the avant-garde of that time.
In these works by Picasso, for the first time, a mood is revealed that manifested itself with particular force only later and which was inherent in many artists in the period between the two wars: an interest in the styles of the past, which became a cultural "archive", and extraordinary virtuosity in translating them into modern language.
Olga's portrait
1923, private collection
Paul dressed as Harlequin
1924, Picasso Museum, Paris
Three in a dance
1925, Tate Gallery, London
In 1925 begins one of the most difficult and uneven periods in the work of Picasso. After the epicurean elegance of the 1920s (The Dance, London, Tate Gallery), an atmosphere of convulsions and hysteria appears in Picasso's work, an unreal world of hallucinations, which can be explained, in part, by the influence of Surrealist poets. For several years, Picasso's imagination seemed to be able to create only monsters, some creatures torn apart ("Seated Bather", 1929, New York, Museum of Modern Art), screaming ("Woman in an Armchair", 1929, Paris, Picasso Museum), bloated to the point of absurdity and shapeless ("Bather", drawing, 1927, private collection) or embodying metamorphic and aggressive-erotic images ("Figures on the seashore", 1931, Paris, Picasso Museum).
Woman with a flower, 1932
Beyeler Foundation, Riegen, Switzerland
Nude in a red chair
1932, Tate Gallery, London
Dream (Maria-Therese Walter),
1932, private collection, New York
In the years 1930-1934, it is in sculpture that Picasso’s entire life force is expressed: busts and female nudes, in which Matisse’s influence is sometimes noticeable (“Reclining Woman”, 1932), animals, small figures in the spirit of surrealism (“Man with a Bouquet”, 1934) and especially metal structures that have semi-abstract, semi-real forms and sometimes made of rough materials (Picasso creates them with the help of his friend, the Spanish sculptor Julio Gonzalez - "Design", 1931). Along with these strange and sharp forms, Picasso's engravings for Ovid's Metamorphoses (1930) and Aristophanes (1934) testify to the persistence of his classical inspiration. The theme of bulls arose in the work of Picasso, probably during his two trips to Spain in 1933 and 1934, and they are clothed in quite literary forms: the image of the Minotaur, which now and then appears in a beautiful series of engravings executed in 1935 ("Minotauromachia").
Dora Maar in a yellow sweater
1939, National Gallery, Berlin
crying woman,
1937, Tate Gallery, London
Guernica, 1937,
Reina Sofia Museum, Madrid
This image of a deadly bull completes the surrealist period in the work of Picasso, but at the same time defines main theme painting "Guernica", his most famous work, which he writes a few weeks after the destruction of the small Basque town by German aircraft and which marks the beginning of his political activity (Madrid, Prado; until 1981 the painting was in New York, in the Museum of Modern Art). The horror that seized Picasso in the face of the threat of barbarism hanging over Europe, his fear of war and fascism, the artist did not express directly, but gave his paintings an alarming tone and gloom. Picasso remained in Paris during the German occupation from 1940 to 1944.
Artist and model
private collection
Death of a matador
1933, Picasso Museum
Cafe in Royan
1940, Picasso Museum, Paris
The occupation did not weaken Picasso's activity: portraits, sculptures ("Man with a Lamb"), meager still lifes, which sometimes express with deep tragedy all the hopelessness of the era ("Still Life with a Bull's Skull", 1942, Düsseldorf, Art Collection of North Rhine-Westphalia). After release. Painting "Slaughterhouse" (1944-1945, New York, Museum of Modern Art) - the last tragic work Picasso. In the autumn of 1944, he publicly announced his entry into the Communist Party, but was not so imbued with its ideas that he could express them in his major historical works. The dove depicted on the poster of the World Peace Congress in Paris (1949) is the most effective manifestation of the artist's political convictions. In addition, this work contributed to the fact that Picasso became a legendary, world-famous personality.
The post-war work of Picasso can be called happy; he becomes close to the young Françoise Gilot, whom he met in 1945 and who will give him two more children, thus giving themes for his numerous family paintings, powerful and charming. Picasso leaves Paris for the south of France, discovers the joy of the sun, the beach, the sea. He lives in Vallauris (1948), then in Cannes (1955), in 1958 he buys the castle of Vauvenargues and in 1961 retires to the rural house of Notre-Dame-de-Vi in Mougins.
Design of water supply and sewerage. Company "ITR installation"
The works created in 1945-1955 are very Mediterranean in spirit, characterized by their atmosphere of pagan idyll and the return of antique moods, which find their expression in paintings and drawings created at the end of 1946 in the halls of the Antibes Museum, which later became the Picasso Museum ("Joy of Life"). But the rejection of decorative ardor and the search for new ones are especially strong during this period. means of expression. All this manifested itself in numerous lithographs, posters, woodcuts and linocuts, ceramics and sculpture. In the autumn of 1947, Picasso began working at the Madura factory in Vallauris; fascinated by the problems of craft and manual labor, he himself makes many dishes, decorative plates, anthropomorphic jugs and figurines in the form of animals (Centaur, 1958), sometimes somewhat archaic in style, but always full of charm and wit. Sculptures were especially important during that period ("The Pregnant Woman", 1950). Some of them ("Goat", 1950; "Monkey with a Baby", 1952) are made of random materials (the goat's belly is made from an old basket) and are among the masterpieces of assemblage technique.
In 1953, Francoise Gilot and Picasso part ways. This was the beginning of a severe moral crisis for the artist, which is echoed in a remarkable series of drawings executed between the end of 1953 and the end of the winter of 1954; in them, Picasso, in his own way, in a puzzling and ironic manner, expressed the bitterness of old age and his skepticism in relation to painting itself. In 1954, Picasso meets Jacqueline Roque, who in 1958 will become his wife and inspire him to a series of very beautiful portraits. The works of the last fifteen years of the artist's work are very diverse and uneven in quality ("Workshop in Cannes", 1956, Paris, Picasso Museum).
One can, however, single out the Spanish source of inspiration ("Portrait of the Artist, in Imitation of El Greco", 1950, private collection) and elements of tauromachy (perhaps because Picasso was a passionate admirer of the bullfight popular in the south of France), expressed in drawings and watercolors in the spirit of Goya (1959-1968). A sense of dissatisfaction with one's own work marked a series of interpretations and variations on the themes of the famous paintings "Girls on the Seine. Along Courbet" (1950, Basel, Art Museum); "Algerian women. According to Delacroix" (1955); "Las Meninas. According to Velasquez" (1957); "Breakfast on the grass. According to Manet" (1960). None of the critics could give a satisfactory explanation for these strange, daring compositions, even if they were really excellent paintings ("Las Meninas", August 17, 1957, Barcelona, Picasso Museum). Picasso died at his villa Notre-Dame-de-Vie on April 8, 1973.
Pablo Picasso (1881-1973), French painter.
He studied painting first with his father X. Ruiz, then at the schools of fine arts: in La Coruña (1894-1895), Barcelona (1895) and Madrid (1897-1898).
From 1904, Picasso lived almost constantly in Paris.
His first significant works date back to the 10th years. 20th century The paintings of the "blue period" (1901-1904) were painted in a gloomy range of blue, blue and green tones.
In the works of the "pink period" (1905-1906), pink-gold and pink-gray hues predominate. Both cycles are devoted to the theme of the tragic loneliness of the blind, beggars, vagrants, the romantic life of itinerant comedians (The Old Beggar with the Boy, 1903; The Girl on the Ball, 1905).
In 1907, Picasso created the canvas "Avignon Girls", which marked a decisive break with the realistic tradition and the transition to the camp of avant-garde artists.
Passion for African sculpture leads him to the foundation of a new direction - cubism. Picasso decomposes the object into constituent geometric elements, operating with combinations of breaking planes and heaping volumes, turning reality into a game of abstract details (“Lady with a Fan”, 1909; portrait of A. Vollard, 1910).
Since the mid 10s. XX centuries he begins to experiment with textures, using scraps of newspapers, a piece of violin, etc. in his works. The collage "Aperitif Bottle" (1913) and the composition "Three Musicians" (1921) complete the period of cubism, and neoclassical tendencies appear in Picasso's work. This was reflected in such works as Three Women at the Spring (1921), Mother and Child (1922), illustrations for Ovid's Metamorphoses (1931), and the Sculptor's Workshop series (1933-1934). The neoclassicism of Picasso is dominated by the mood of a fabulous idyll and graphic elegance of lines.
In the 10-20s. 20th century Picasso also creates many drawings that show images of people from the people ("Fisherman", 1918; "Resting Peasants", 1919).
From the second half of the 30s. his work is increasingly permeated with echoes contemporary events("Weeping Woman", 1937; "Cat and Bird", 1939). In 1936-1939. Picasso becomes a prominent figure in the Popular Front in France, actively participates in the struggle of the Spanish people against the Franco regime. At this time, the series Dreams and Lies of General Franco (1937) was born. An angry protest against fascist terror is the monumental panel "Guernica" (1937).
During the Second World War, Picasso remained in France occupied by the Nazi troops and took part in the Resistance movement. In 1944 the artist joined the French communist party. In the works of the post-war period, anti-war subjects predominate ("Dove of Peace", 1947; panels "Peace" and "War", 1952).
Since the second half of the 40s. Picasso's work becomes the most diverse. In addition to easel paintings, in which the artist returns to antique motifs or parodies the paintings of old masters (for example, "Las Meninas" by D. Velazquez), he also works as a sculptor ("Man with a Lamb", bronze, 1944), a ceramist (about 2000 products), a graphic artist.
In 1950, Picasso was elected to the World Peace Council.
