The ideal life of Oblomov and Stolz. Stolz's attitude to life

Annex 1

Comparative characteristics of Oblomov and Stolz

	Ilya Ilyich Oblomov	Andrey Ivanovich Stolts
age
portrait	“a man of average height, pleasant appearance, softness reigned in his face, his soul shone openly and clearly in his eyes”, “flabby beyond his years”	“all made up of bones, muscles and nerves, like a blooded English horse”, thin, “even complexion”, expressive eyes
parents		“Stolz is only half German, according to his father: his mother was Russian”
upbringing	The upbringing was of a patriarchal nature, moving “from hugs to hugs of relatives and friends.”	My father raised me harshly, teaching me to work, “my mother didn’t quite like this laborious, practical upbringing.”
Attitude to study	He studied “out of necessity”, “serious reading tired him”, “but the poets touched... a nerve”	“he studied well, and his father made him an assistant at his boarding school”
Further education	Spent up to 20 years in Oblomovka	Stolz graduated from university
Lifestyle	“Ilya Ilyich was lying down normal condition»	“he is involved in some company that ships goods abroad”, “he is constantly on the move”
Housekeeping	Didn’t do business in the village, received little income and lived on credit	“lived on a budget”, constantly monitoring my expenses
Life aspirations	“prepared for the field,” thought about his role in society, about family happiness, then he excluded from his dreams social activities, his ideal was a carefree life in unity with nature, family, friends	Having chosen an active beginning in his youth, he did not change his desires, “work is the image, content, element and purpose of life”
Views on society	All “members of society are dead, sleeping people”; they are characterized by insincerity, envy, and the desire to “get a high-profile rank” by any means necessary.	Immersed in the life of society, a supporter of professional activities in which he is engaged himself, supports progressive changes in society
Relation to Olga	I wanted to see a loving woman capable of creating a serene family life	Fosters an active principle in her, the ability to fight, develops her mind
relationships	He considered Stolz his only friend, capable of understanding and helping, and listened to his advice	highly appreciated moral qualities Oblomov, his “honest, faithful heart,” loved him “firmly and passionately,” saved him from the swindler Tarantiev, wanted to revive him to an active life
self-esteem	Constantly doubted himself, this showed his dual nature	Confident in his feelings, deeds and actions, which he subordinated to cold calculation
Character traits	Inactive, dreamy, sloppy, indecisive, lazy, apathetic, not devoid of subtle emotional experiences Oblomov And Stolz. Problem tasks Group Be able to compose comparative characteristics Oblomov And Stolz. ... Frontal, group Be able to compose comparative characteristics Oblomov and Olga, identify... Thematic planning of literature lessons in 10th grade Lesson Friend? Meeting with Stoltz. What is the difference between upbringing Oblomov And Stolz? Why love for Olga... days?) 18, 19 5-6 Oblomov and Stolz. Planning comparative characteristics Oblomov And Stolz, conversation according to the plan... Order No. of 2012 “Agreed” Deputy Director for Education and Science. N. Ischuk Working programm Cheat. chapters of the novel. Comparative characteristic Oblomov And Stolz 22 The theme of love in the novel... Oblomov” Ind. given " Comparative characteristic Ilyinskaya and Pshenitsyna" 23 ... Question 10 p. 307. Comparative characteristic A. Bolkonsky and P. Bezukhov... Calendar thematic planning 1st grade textbook by Yu. V. Lebedev 3 hours a week. Total 102 hours Lesson Image Oblomov, the formation of his character, lifestyle, ideals. Be able to compose characteristics... until the end 52 Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristic To make a plan comparative characteristics Oblomov And Stolz. Be able to express your thoughts...

Who is Stolz? Goncharov does not force the reader to puzzle over this question. In the first two chapters of the second part there is detailed story about the life of Stolz, about the conditions in which his active character was formed. “Stolz was only half German, on his father’s side; his mother was Russian; He professed the Orthodox faith, his native speech was Russian...” Goncharov first tries to show that Stolz is more Russian than German: after all, the most important thing is that his faith and language are the same as those of the Russians. But the further he goes, the more the qualities of a German begin to emerge in him: independence, perseverance in achieving his goals, frugality.
Stolz's unique character was formed under the influence of two forces - soft and hard, at the junction of two cultures - Russian and German. From his father he received a “hard-working, practical upbringing,” and his mother introduced him to beauty and tried to instill in little Andrei’s soul a love of art and beauty. His mother “seemed the ideal of a gentleman in her son,” and his father accustomed him to hard, not at all lordly, work.
Practical intelligence, love of life, and courage helped Stolz achieve success after he left at the insistence of his father to study in St. Petersburg...
According to Goncharov, Stolz - new type Russian progressive figure. However, he does not depict the hero in a specific activity. The author only informs the reader about what Stolz has been and what he has achieved. He “served, retired... went about his business,... made a house and money,... learned Europe as his estate,... saw Russia up and down,... travels into the world.”
If we talk about Stolz’s ideological position, he “sought balance practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit." Stolz could control his feelings and was “afraid of every dream.” Happiness for him lay in consistency. According to Goncharov, he “knew the value of rare and expensive properties and spent them so sparingly that he was called an egoist, insensitive...”. In a word, Goncharov created the kind of hero that Russia has long lacked. For the author, Stolz is the force that is capable of reviving Oblomovism and destroying Oblomovism. In my opinion, Goncharov somewhat idealizes the image of Stolz, setting him up as an example to the reader as an impeccable person. But by the end of the novel it turns out that salvation did not come to Russia with the advent of Stolz. Dobrolyubov explains this by saying that “now there is no soil for them” in Russian society. For more productive activities of the Stolts, it is necessary to reach some compromise with the Oblomovs. This is why Andrei Stolts takes Ilya Ilyich’s son into custody.
Stolz is certainly the antipode of Oblomov. Every character trait of the first is a sharp protest against the qualities of the second. Stolz loves life - Oblomov often falls into apathy; Stolz has a thirst for activity, for Oblomov best activity- rest on the sofa. The origins of this opposition are in the education of heroes. Reading the description of the life of little Andrei, you involuntarily compare it with the life of Ilyusha. Thus, already at the very beginning of the novel, two absolutely different characters, two life paths...

The absolute opposite of Oblomov is Stolz, who becomes the embodiment of calculation, activity, strength, determination, and determination. In Stolz’s German upbringing, the main thing was the development of an independent, active, purposeful nature. When describing the life of Stolz, Goncharov most often uses the words “firmly,” “straight,” and “walked.” And Stolz’s surname itself is sharp, abrupt, and his whole figure, in which there was not a fraction of roundness and softness, as in Oblomov’s appearance - all this reveals his German roots. His whole life was outlined once and for all; imagination, dreams and passions did not fit into his life program: “It seems that he controlled both sorrows and joys like the movement of his hands.” The most valued quality in a person for Stolz is “persistence in achieving a goal,” however, Goncharov adds that Stolz’s respect for a persistent person did not depend on the quality of the goal itself: “He never refused to respect people with this persistence, no matter how their goals were not important."

Stolz's goal in life, as he formulates it, is work and only work. To Oblomov’s question: “Why live?” - Stolz, without thinking for a moment, answers: “For the work itself, for nothing else.” This unequivocal “nothing else” is somewhat alarming. The results of Stolz’s work have a very tangible “material equivalent”: “He really made a house and money.” Goncharov speaks very vaguely, casually about the nature of Stolz’s activities: “He is involved in some company that ships goods abroad.” For the first time in Russian literature, an attempt appeared to show a positive image of an entrepreneur who, not having wealth at birth, achieves it through his labor.

Trying to elevate his hero, Goncharov convinces the reader that from his mother, a Russian noblewoman, Stolz acquired the ability to feel and appreciate love: “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world.” However, in Stolz’s love everything is subordinated to reason; it is no coincidence that the “reasonable” Stolz never understood What happened between Oblomov and Olga, What became the basis of their love: “Oblomov! Can't be! – he added again affirmatively. “There’s something here: you don’t understand yourself, Oblomov, or, finally, love!” “This is not love, this is something else. It didn’t even reach your heart: imagination and pride, on the one hand, weakness, on the other.” Stolz never understood that there are different types of love, and not just the kind that he calculated. It is no coincidence that this inability to accept life in its diversity and unpredictability ultimately leads to the “Oblomovism” of Stolz himself. Having fallen in love with Olga, he is ready to stop, freeze. “I found mine,” thought Stolz. – I’ve waited!.. here it is, the last happiness of a person! Everything has been found, there is nothing to look for, there is nowhere else to go!” Having already become Stolz’s wife, experiencing true love for him, realizing that she has found her happiness in him, Olga often thinks about the future, she is afraid of this “silence of life”: “What is this? - she thought. -Where should we go? Nowhere! There is no further road. Is it really not, have you really completed the circle of life? Is everything here, everything?”

Their attitude towards each other can say a lot about the characters. Oblomov sincerely loves Stolz, he feels true selflessness and generosity towards his friend; one can recall, for example, his joy at the happiness of Stolz and Olga. In his relationship with Stolz, the beauty of Oblomov’s soul is revealed, his ability to think about the meaning of life, activity, and its focus on man. Oblomov appears as a man who passionately seeks, although he does not find, a standard of life. There is some kind of “lack of feeling” in Stolz towards Oblomov; he is not capable of subtle emotional movements: on the one hand, he sincerely sympathizes with Ilya Ilyich, loves him, on the other hand, in relation to Oblomov he often turns out to be not so much a friend as a “formidable teacher.” Stolz was for Ilya Ilyich the embodiment of that hectic life, which always frightened Oblomov, from which he tried to hide. To Oblomov’s bitter and annoying: “Life touches,” Stolz immediately responds: “And thank God!” Stolz sincerely and persistently tried to force Oblomov to live more actively, but this persistence sometimes became harsh and sometimes cruel. Without sparing Oblomov and not considering that he has the right to do so, Stolz touches on the most painful memories of Olga, without the slightest respect for his friend’s wife he says: “Look around, where are you and who are you with?” The very phrase “now or never,” menacing and inevitable, was also unnatural to Oblomov’s soft nature. Very often, in a conversation with a friend, Stolz uses the words “I will shake you,” “you must,” “you must live differently.” Stolz drew up a life plan not only for himself, but also for Oblomov: “You must live with us, close to us. Olga and I decided so, so it will be!” Stolz “saves” Oblomov from his life, from his choice - and in this salvation he sees his task.

What kind of life did he want to involve his friend in? The content of the week that Oblomov spent with Stolz was inherently different from the dream on Gorokhovaya Street. There were some things to do this week, lunch with a gold miner, tea at the dacha in a large society, but Oblomov very accurately called it vanity, behind which no person is visible. In his last meeting with his friend, Stolz said to Oblomov: “You know me: I set myself this task a long time ago and will not give up. Until now I was distracted by various things, but now I am free.” So the main reason emerged - various matters that distracted Stolz from his friend’s life. And indeed, between the appearances of Stolz in Oblomov’s life - like failures, like abysses - years pass: “Stolz did not come to St. Petersburg for several years,” “a year has passed since Ilya Ilyich’s illness,” “it’s been five years since we have seen each other.” It is no coincidence that even during Oblomov’s life, “an abyss opened up” between him and Stolz, “a stone wall was erected,” and this wall existed only for Stolz. And while Oblomov was still alive, Stolz buried his friend with an unequivocal sentence: “You are dead, Ilya!”

The author's attitude towards Stolz is ambiguous. Goncharov, on the one hand, hoped that soon “many Stolts would appear under Russian names,” on the other hand, he understood that in artistically It is hardly possible to call the image of Stolz successful, full-blooded; he admitted that the image of Stolz is “weak, pale - the idea from it looks too bare.”

The problem of the hero in the novel “Oblomov” is connected with the author’s thoughts about the present and future of Russia, about the generic traits of the Russian national character. Oblomov and Stolz are not just different human characters, they are different systems moral values, different worldviews and ideas about the human personality. The hero’s problem is that the author does not give preference to either Oblomov or Stolz, reserving to each of them his right to the truth and choice of life path.

Goncharov's novel "Oblomov" was highly praised by critics of the second half of the 19th century century. In particular, Belinsky noted that the work was timely and reflected the socio-political thought of the 50-60s of the nineteenth century. Two lifestyles - Oblomov and Stolz - are discussed in this article in comparison.

Characteristics of Oblomov

Ilya Ilyich was distinguished by his desire for peace and inaction. Oblomov cannot be called interesting and varied: most He was used to spending his days thinking, lying on the sofa. Immersed in these thoughts, he often did not rise from his bed all day, did not go out into the street, did not recognize latest news. He didn’t read newspapers on principle, so as not to bother himself with unnecessary, and most importantly, meaningless information. Oblomov can be called a philosopher; he is concerned with other questions: not everyday, not momentary, but eternal, spiritual. He looks for meaning in everything.

When you look at him, you get the impression that he is a happy freethinker, not burdened by the hardships and problems of external life. But life “touches, gets at” Ilya Ilyich everywhere, makes him suffer. Dreams remain just dreams, because he does not know how to make them come true. real life. Even reading tires him: Oblomov has many books he has started, but all of them remain unread and misunderstood. The soul seems to be dormant in him: he avoids unnecessary worries, worries, worries. In addition, Oblomov often compares his calm, solitary existence with the lives of other people and finds that it is not suitable to live the way others live: “When to live?”

This is what Oblomov’s ambiguous image represents. “Oblomov” (I.A. Goncharov) was created with the aim of depicting the personality of this character - extraordinary and extraordinary in its own way. He is no stranger to impulses and deep emotional experiences. Oblomov is a true dreamer with a poetic, sensitive nature.

Characteristics of Stolz

Oblomov’s lifestyle cannot be compared with Stolz’s worldview. The reader first meets this character in the second part of the work. Andrei Stolts loves order in everything: his day is scheduled by hours and minutes, dozens of important things are planned that urgently need to be redone. Today he is in Russia, tomorrow, you see, he has unexpectedly left abroad. What Oblomov finds boring and meaningless is important and significant for him: trips to cities, villages, intentions to improve the quality of life of those around him.

He discovers such treasures in his soul that Oblomov cannot even guess about. Stolz's lifestyle consists entirely of activities that feed his entire being with the energy of vivacity. In addition, Stolz - good friend: more than once he helped Ilya Ilyich in business matters. The lifestyles of Oblomov and Stolz are different from each other.

What is “Oblomovism”?

How social phenomenon the concept denotes a focus on idle, monotonous, devoid of color and any changes in life. Andrei Stolts called “Oblomovism” Oblomov’s very way of life, his desire for endless peace and the absence of any activity. Despite the fact that his friend constantly pushed Oblomov to the possibility of changing his way of existence, he did not budge at all, as if he did not have enough energy to do it. At the same time, we see that Oblomov admits his mistake, uttering the following words: “I have long been ashamed to live in the world.” He feels useless, unnecessary and abandoned, and therefore he does not want to wipe the dust off the table, sort out books that have been lying around for a month, or leave the apartment once again.

Love in Oblomov's understanding

Oblomov’s lifestyle did not contribute in any way to finding real, rather than fictitious, happiness. He dreamed and made plans more than he actually lived. Amazingly, in his life there was a place for quiet rest, philosophical reflection on the essence of existence, but there was a lack of strength for decisive action and the implementation of intentions. Love for Olga Ilyinskaya temporarily pulls Oblomov out of his usual existence, forces him to try new things, and begin to take care of himself. He even forgets his old habits and sleeps only at night, and does business during the day. But still, love in Oblomov’s worldview is directly related to dreams, thoughts and poetry.

Oblomov considers himself unworthy of love: he doubts whether Olga can love him, whether he is suitable enough for her, whether he is capable of making her happy. Such thoughts lead him to sad thoughts about his useless life.

Love in Stolz's understanding

Stolz approaches the issue of love more rationally. He does not indulge in ephemeral dreams in vain, since he looks at life soberly, without fantasy, without the habit of analyzing. Stolz - business man. He doesn't need romantic walks in the moonlight, loud confessions in love and sighs on the bench, because he is not Oblomov. Stolz's lifestyle is very dynamic and pragmatic: he proposes to Olga at the moment when he realizes that she is ready to accept him.

What did Oblomov come to?

As a result of his protective and cautious behavior, Oblomov misses the opportunity to build a close relationship with Olga Ilyinskaya. His marriage was upset shortly before the wedding - Oblomov took too long to gather, explain, ask himself, compare, estimate, analyze. The characterization of the image of Ilya Ilyich Oblomov teaches not to repeat the mistakes of an idle, aimless existence, and raises the question of what love really is? Is she the object of lofty, poetic aspirations, or is she the calm joy and peace that Oblomov finds in the house of the widow Agafya Pshenitsyna?

Why did Oblomov’s physical death occur?

Bottom line philosophical reflections Ilya Ilyich is like this: he chose to bury his former aspirations and even lofty dreams. with Olga his life focused on everyday existence. He knew no greater joy than to eat deliciously and sleep after dinner. Gradually, the engine of his life began to stop, to calm down: ailments and incidents became more frequent. Even his previous thoughts left him: there was no longer room for them in the quiet room, like a coffin, in all this sluggish life, which lulled Oblomov, increasingly removed him from reality. Mentally this man was already dead for a long time. Physical death was only a confirmation of the falsity of his ideals.

Stolz's achievements

Stolz, unlike Oblomov, did not miss his chance to become happy: he built family well-being with Olga Ilyinskaya. This marriage took place out of love, in which Stolz did not fly into the clouds, did not remain in destructive illusions, but acted more than reasonably and responsibly.

The lifestyles of Oblomov and Stolz are diametrically opposed and opposed to each other. Both characters are unique, inimitable and significant in their own way. This may explain the strength of their friendship over the years.

Each of us is close to either the Stolz or Oblomov type. There is nothing wrong with this, and the coincidences will probably only be partial. Those who are deep, who love to think about the essence of life, will most likely understand Oblomov’s experiences, his restless mental tossing and searching. Business pragmatists who have left romance and poetry far behind will begin to personify themselves with Stolz.

Literature – 10th grade.

Lesson topic: “Oblomov and Stolz. Comparative characteristics»

(based on the novel “Oblomov” by I.A. Goncharov)

Lesson objectives: identify features author's position through a comparison of heroes (Oblomov and Stolz); develop characterization skills literary characters, research skills, logical thinking; to educate thoughtful readers and enrich students’ speech.

Lesson equipment: portrait of I.A. Goncharov, text of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”, (presentation); notebooks for works on literature, illustrations.

Students should know:

Contents of I.A. Goncharov’s novel “Oblomov”;

The main idea of the work;

Main images.

Students should be able to:

Correctly answer questions posed by the teacher;

Summarize and systematize educational material;

Improve your skills in working with text;

Draw conclusions and connect them into a monologue.

During the classes.

IOrg moment.

IIImplementation of d.z. (I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”, The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2,

chapters 1 – 4. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov)

IIIState the topic and purpose of the lesson.

IVPreparation for the perception of the work. Work according to the lesson plan.

1.introduction.

Good afternoon guys! Studying the novel by I.A. Goncharov makes us talk about the meaning of life, about the purpose of man... Pay attention to the topic of the lesson (write down the topic in notebooks).

Work plan:

1. The image of Stolz in the novel: family, upbringing, education, portrait features, lifestyle, value guidelines (part 2, chapters 1 – 4)

2.Build and record a chain keywords, revealing the character of Stolz, Oblomov (checking homework)

3. Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

You need to compare these heroes, find out how they are similar and how they differ from each other.

Today we will consider one of the problematic issues of the work:

- Ilya Oblomov and Andrei Stolts... who are they - doubles or antipodes?

Let's define lexical meaning words antipode and double

2. Vocabulary work.

Antipode - (Greek antipodes - feet facing feet). 1. plural only Inhabitants of two opposite points of the earth, two opposite ends of one of the diameters globe(geographical). 2. to someone or something. A person of opposite properties, tastes or beliefs (book). He is the perfect antipode of him or he is the perfect antipode of him.

Double - a person who has complete similarities with another (both a man and a woman).

What is your perception of Oblomov and Stolz?

Teacher: Our acquaintance with Oblomov already took place in previous lessons. We found out that our hero is slow, lazy, and unfocused. Let's give it a more detailed description. (students' answers)

(We learn about Stolz in the first part of the novel, before he appears before the readers, that is, in absentia:

In connection with Oblomov’s guests, whom Ilya Ilyich “didn’t like,” unlike his childhood friend, Andrei Ivanovich Stolts, whom he “loved sincerely”;

In connection with the dreams of the main character, where Stolz, who knew and appreciated best qualities Ilya Ilyich, was an integral part of the paintings happy life in an estate full of love, poetry, friendly feelings and peace;

Stolz also appears in Oblomov’s Dream, fits into the idyllic, sweet and at the same time mysterious atmosphere childhood, which shaped the hero.

Teacher: The unexpected appearance of the hero in the finale of the first part and chapters 1 - 2 of the second part tell about Stolz.

3. Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov”

(meeting between Oblomov and Stolz).

We see that these two people are true friends. But these heroes are different, dissimilar. Together with the author, we will use a method of characterizing a hero known in literature - comparative characterization. In front of you is a worksheet that contains the criteria for education, the purpose of life, the content of activities, attitude towards women, their family life And life position. In the conclusion column, we will make notes ourselves when we consider all these criteria, comparing the main characters.

4. Let's consider all the features of the heroes.

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life

The purpose of life

Friendship

Perception of life

Test of love

a) Appearance: ( when they appeared before the reader)

- What does I.A. Goncharov draw our attention to when describing the appearance of the heroes?

“... about thirty-two or three years old, of average height, pleasant appearance, with dark gray eyes, but with the absence of any definite idea, ... an even light of carelessness glowed throughout his whole face,” the same age as Oblomov, “thin, with almost no cheeks at all.” no,...the complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

b)Origin:

…

…a native of the philistine class (his father left Germany, traveled around Switzerland and settled in Russia, becoming the manager of an estate). Sh. graduates brilliantly from the university, successfully serves, retires to study own business; makes a house and money. He's a dick trading company, sending goods abroad; as an agent of the company, Sh. travels to Belgium, England, and throughout Russia. Sh.'s image is built on the basis of the idea of balance, harmonious correspondence between the physical and spiritual, mind and feeling, suffering and pleasure. The ideal of Sh. is measure and harmony in work, life, rest, love.(or... from a poor family: the father (Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, the mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman. Half Russian, not a nobleman.

c) Education.

- What kind of education did I. Oblomov and A. Stolz receive? Tell us about it.

His parents wanted to present Ilyusha with all the benefits “somehow cheaper, with various tricks.” His parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they didn’t let him pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself). the stigma of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

Oblomov was not even allowed out into the street. “What about servants?” Soon Ilya himself realized that it was calmer and more convenient to give orders. The dexterous, active child is constantly stopped by his parents and nanny for fear that the boy will “fall, hurt himself” or catch a cold; he was cherished like a hothouse flower. “Those seeking manifestations of power turned inward and sank, withering away.” (Oblomov)

His father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from university. his father taught him that the main thing in life is money, rigor and accuracy... (Stolz)

Name the episodes, scenes that clearly illustrate how Stolz’s childhood went, how the process of his upbringing went.

Reading the episode (Stolz's farewell to his father) by role.

What impression does this scene make on you?

How can you comment on this?

What did his father teach him? How did A. Stolz feel?

Goncharov creates Stolz, involuntarily starting from Oblomov, as the antipode to the main character; with Stolz everything is different.

His upbringing is laborious, practical, he was raised by life itself (cf.: “If Oblomov’s son had disappeared...”).

A special discussion is required: the mother’s attitude; mother and father; Oblomovka, the prince's castle, as a result of which “the bursha did not work out,” which replaced the “narrow German track” with a “wide road.”

Stolz - Stolz (“proud”). Does he live up to his name?

Worksheet (at the bottom of the column: “Education”, indicate the antipode).

d).Education:

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow.

From the age of eight he sat with his father geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemachus.”

Based on upbringing and education, a certain program was laid down.

What is it like for Oblomov and Stolz?

e) Established program.

Oblomov

Dream. Vegetation and sleep - the passive principle found solace in his favorite “conciliatory and soothing” words “maybe”, “maybe” and “somehow” and protected himself with them from misfortunes. He was ready to shift the matter to anyone, without caring about its outcome or the integrity of the chosen person (this is how he trusted the scammers who robbed his estate).

“For Ilya Ilych, lying down was neither a necessity, like that of a sick person or like a person who wants to sleep, nor an accident, like that of someone who is tired, nor a pleasure, like that of a lazy person: it was his normal state.”

What was Stolz most afraid of?

Substantiating their answers with text, students say that dreams, imagination (“ optical illusion”, as Stolz said) were his enemies. He controlled his life and had a “real outlook on life” (cf. Oblomov).

Stolz

Stolz was afraid to dream, his happiness was in constancy, energy and stormy activity - active Start

“He is constantly on the move: if society needs to send an agent to Belgium or England, they send him; need to write some project or adapt new idea to the point - they choose him. Meanwhile, he goes out into the world and reads: when he has time, God knows.”

- What does life mean and what is the purpose of a person, according to Stolz?

Students: “Live through the four seasons, that is, four ages, without leaps and bring the vessel of life to last day, without spilling a single drop in vain...” (compare with Oblomov, whose ideal is...in peace and pleasure ; see about Oblomov’s dreams in the 8th chapter of the first part).

Teacher: Chapters 3–4 of the second part. The role of these chapters in the novel. A conversation is an argument where the views and positions of the heroes collide.

The essence of the dispute - HOW TO LIVE?!

- How does a dispute arise?(Oblomov’s dissatisfaction with the empty life of society.)

This is not life!

- When does a turning point in a dispute occur?(Labor path: Stolz’s disagreement with his friend’s ideal, because this is “Oblomovism”; the ideal of the lost paradise depicted by Oblomov, and labor as “the image, content, element and purpose of life.”)

(Physical education minute)

Introductory speech about the meaning of life.

Stills from the film “A few days in the life of I.I. Oblomov” ( second monologue. Confession of Oblomov, p. 166. “Do you know, Andrey...”)

In what setting does the conversation take place?

What is I. Oblomov talking about?

How did each of the heroes emerge in the dispute?

e) Outlook on life

Oblomov

“Life: life is good!” says Oblomov, “What to look for there? interests of the mind, heart? Look where the center is around which all this revolves: it is not there, there is nothing deep that touches the living. All these are dead people, sleeping people, worse than me, these members of the world and society!... Don’t they sleep sitting all their lives? Why am I more guilty than them, lying at home and not infecting my head with threes and jacks?

Stolz.

g) Purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.” (Oblomov)

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.” (Stolz)

g) Perception of life

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother. (Oblomov)

Stolz wants to have “a simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

- Which of the heroes and at what stage of the dispute are you ready to agree?

- Is there one answer to this question?

(During the argument, the guys come to the conclusion that both principles have a right to exist.)

Teacher: In conversations (arguments) often the last word the author gives Stoltz, but one gets the feeling that he cannot argue with Oblomov. Why? He can’t even when he has the last word. Internally, we feel and understand that Stolz cannot break Oblomov’s resistance (remember the episode of the night dinner, when Stolz gives up and sits down with Oblomov and Zakhar, there are stills from the film.).

Whose philosophy is positive and constructive?

Compare the character of Stolz with the character of Oblomov:

Oblomov

Stolz

Peace (apathy)

“...he is constantly on the move...”

Sleep (inactivity)

“balance of practical aspects with the subtle needs of the spirit”

A dream is a “shell, self-deception”

“he was afraid of every dream, ... he wanted to see the ideal of human existence and aspirations in a strict understanding and direction of life”

Fear of circumstances

“attributed the cause of all sufferingto yourself"

The aimlessness of existence

“I put persistence in achieving goals above all else” (Stolz)

Labor is punishment

“Work is the image, element, content, purpose of life” (Stolz)

Conclude that , at what levels, in what details is revealed

- Is Stolz too positive in his views?

Or maybe Oblomov is right: people, searching for meaning V social life- dead people, such a life is a useless vanity. What's worse about him lying on the sofa?!

Poetic perception Is Oblomov’s life the sophistication of the hero’s soul, a “subtle poetic nature” or a way to hide from reality?

Strength and weakness of the characters of Oblomov and Stolz: hero and circumstances, false and positive meaning of existence?

Result:

- Whose position do you consider acceptable for yourself?

(Give your reasons. What values (which of the heroes) will you take into your life baggage?)

- How did our heroes turn out in love? Did you pass the test of love or not?

Student answers:

Oblomov and Stolz

Oblomov gave up love. He chose peace. “Life is poetry. People are free to distort it.” He was scared, he needed not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him).

Stolz loved not with his heart, but with his mind “he developed for himself the conviction that love, with the power of Archimedes’ lever, moves the world; that there is so much universal, irrefutable truth and goodness in it, as well as lies and ugliness in its misunderstanding and abuse.” He needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya). I’m glad that I met her abroad, I’m glad that she listens to him and doesn’t even notice that sometimes she doesn’t understand Olga’s sadness.

- How do we see our heroes in friendship and relationships with others?

(Student answers: Oblomov and Stolz)

h) Friendship

- Based on all that has been said, we will give a description of Oblomov and Stolz.

Characteristics of heroes:

Oblomov and Stolz

1. Oblomov. The kind, lazy person is most concerned about his own peace. For him, happiness is complete peace and good food. He spends his life on the sofa, without taking off his comfortable robe, does nothing, is not interested in anything, loves to withdraw into himself and live in the world of dreams and daydreams he created, the amazing childlike purity of his soul and introspection, the embodiment of gentleness and meekness worthy of a philosopher.

2. Stolz . Strong and smart, he is constantly active and does not disdain the most menial work, thanks to his hard work, willpower, patience and enterprise became rich and famous person. A real “iron” character has been formed, but in some ways he resembles a machine, a robot, his whole life is so clearly programmed, verified and calculated before us - a dry rationalist.

Answer to problematic issue: Oblomov and Stolz – doubles or antipodes? (student's words).

V Summarizing.

Yes, Goncharov wanted to contrast the inactive Oblomov with the practical and businesslike Stolz, who, in his opinion, was supposed to break the “Oblomovism” and revive the hero. But the novel has a different ending. It is at the end of the work that the author’s attitude towards the hero is revealed.

- Let's remember what the heroes of the novel come to?

Oblomov dies, leaving his son.

Pshenitsyna is ready to do everything for Oblomov’s sake and even gives her son to be raised by her brother, considering this a benefit for her son.

Olga feels very bad (missing Oblomov), there is no love, and without it life is meaningless.

Andrei Stolts is also devastated, he feels bad without a friend, Oblomov was a “heart of gold” for him.

So, all the heroes ended up with the same “Oblomovism”!

Teacher: Guys! Prepare yourself now for further adulthood independent life. Take into your life baggage from Stolz energy, intelligence, determination, strength of character, prudence, will, but do not forget about the soul, taking kindness, honesty, tenderness, and romance from Ilya Oblomov. And remember the words of N.V. Gogol “Take it with you on the journey, coming out of the soft teenage years into stern, brutalizing courage, take it all human movements, don’t leave them on the road, you won’t pick them up later!”

VI . Homework :

Roman by I.A. Goncharov “Oblomov”:

Individual tasks:

1.. The story about O. Ilyinskaya (chapter 5)

2. Development of relations between Oblomov and Olga (chap. 6-12)

3. Image of Pshenitsyna (part 3), new flat on the Vyborg side near Pshenitsyna.

Ratings

Oblomov and Stolz).

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

the same age as Oblomov, “thin, he has almost no cheeks at all,... his complexion is even, dark and no blush; the eyes, although a little greenish, are expressive"

Origin

from rich noble family with patriarchal traditions. his parents, like grandfathers, did nothing: serfs worked for them. A truly Russian man, a nobleman.

…from a poor family: his father (a Russified German) was the manager of a rich estate, his mother was an impoverished Russian noblewoman

Upbringing

his parents taught him to be idle and quiet (they did not allow him to pick up a dropped item, get dressed, or pour water for himself); labor in the quarry was a punishment; it was believed that it bore the mark of slavery. the family had a cult of food, and after eating there was a sound sleep.

his father gave him the education he received from his father: he taught him all the practical sciences, forced him to work early and sent away his son, who had graduated from the university. his father taught him that the main things in life are money, rigor and accuracy.

Education

…They studied in a small boarding school located five miles from Oblomovka, in the village of Verkhleve. Both graduated from university in Moscow

Embedded program

… Vegetation and sleep are a passive beginning

From the age of eight, he sat with his father at the geographical map, sorted through the warehouses of Herder, Wieland, biblical verses and summed up the illiterate accounts of the peasants, townspeople and factory workers, and with his mother he read sacred history, learned Krylov’s fables and sorted through the warehouses of Telemacus.

… energy and flurry of activity- active beginning.

Outlook on life

Stolz experiences life and asks her: “What should I do? Where to go next? "And it goes! Without Oblomov...

The purpose of life

Live life happily; so that she “doesn’t touch.”

“Work is the image, content, element and purpose of life, at least mine.”

Friendship

There are acquaintances, but there is not a single real friend except Stolz.

Stolz always had many friends everywhere - people were drawn to him. But he felt closeness only to personal people, sincere and decent.

Perception of life

Fluctuating - from “a pleasant gift for enjoyment” to “sticks like bullies: sometimes it will pinch you on the sly, sometimes it will suddenly come right from your forehead and sprinkle you with sand... there is no urine!”

Oblomov wants to do what his soul and heart desire, even if his mind is against it; never bother.

Life is happiness in work; life without work is not life; “...“life touches!” "And thank God!" - said Stolz.

Stolz wants to have a “simple, that is, direct, real view of life - that was his constant task...”, “Above all he put persistence in achieving goals...”, “... will measure an abyss or a wall, and if there is no sure way to overcome, he will go away.”

Test of love

he needs not equal love, but maternal love (the kind that Agafya Pshenitsyna gave him)

he needs a woman equal in views and strength (Olga Ilyinskaya)

Comparative characteristics

Oblomov

Stolz

Appearance

Origin

Upbringing

Education

Embedded program

Outlook on life