What is common between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich? Fathers and sons - Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov. Origin, education and social activities

The novel "Fathers and Sons", written by I. S. Turgenev in the second half of the 19th century, will never lose its relevance.

The name already proves this, because the contradictions that arise between different generations are quite a common occurrence at any time. And when social differences are added to age differences, the conflict becomes even more acute and becomes a socially significant phenomenon.

The main characters of the work of I. Turgenev are the commoner Bazarov and the hereditary aristocrats Kirsanovs. Each of them is distinguished by a special upbringing, lifestyle, attitude to the world, and is also convinced that it is he who can serve, if not as an ideal, then as a model. modern man. Comparative and Pavel Kirsanov (these are the main antipodes in the novel) allows readers living a century and a half later to form their own idea of ​​​​the main social forces and features of the development of Russia in the middle of the 19th century.

Getting to know the main character

The plot of the action is the arrival in the village, on vacation, of a young nobleman Arkady. The father meeting his son looks at his comrade with some surprise - he is very unlike the Kirsanovs. Evgeny Bazarov (friend and spiritual teacher of Arkasha) is the son of a simple doctor. Dressed simply - in a long hoodie with tassels. His big red hands and long hair. Yes, and the behavior was special - somewhat cheeky, rude. Such was the characteristic given by Nikolai Petrovich at the first meeting.

Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov were tied up at that moment common interests, but as the relationship of all the characters develops, young people will increasingly move away from each other. One of the reasons is the conflict between the young raznochinets-democrat and the already elderly, but retaining sophistication and innate aristocracy, Pavel Petrovich.

The beginning of the confrontation

The appearance of Bazarov at the Kirsanovs was an event that disrupted the peaceful course of life in the house. Pavel Petrovich immediately took a dislike to his nephew's friend. This is understandable. In contrast to Eugene, he loved gloss in everything and supported the order that had formed over the years. With a handsome, well-groomed appearance, in an English suit, with starched collars and impeccable behavior, he was the complete opposite of Bazarov. Their antipathy will begin from the first moment they meet and end in a duel.

Bazarov and Kirsanov Pavel (literature has not yet known such clashes of generations) helps not only to reveal them inner world and ideological convictions, but also to get an idea of ​​the features of the development of society in that period.

Origin, education and social activities

Appearance is the first thing that catches your eye when meeting two completely opposite characters. The more heated their relationship, the more clearly the absolute difference between them becomes visible.

Bazarov is the son of an impoverished noblewoman and an ordinary doctor. He achieved everything in his life by his own work, not wanting to at least to some extent depend on his parents. This is a man of strong mind and character, who decided to devote his life to medicine and science. He believed in nothing and proudly proclaimed himself a nihilist.

Pavel Petrovich, a nobleman in several generations, was brought up in a completely different environment. Good education, officer service and universal love- that was the basis of his life. However, the passion for Princess R. and rather quick disappointment (she left him) caused him to age prematurely and alienate himself from the world. He lost his taste for life, then settled on his brother's estate and from then on led a closed, useless life.

Thus, the characterization of Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov helps to understand how different these people were initially.

Ideological contradictions

Such a clear difference in social status could not but affect the relationship of the characters. If Nikolai Petrovich tried to show indulgence to the guest, even to yield somewhere, his brother immediately showed complete hostility. And the more Bazarov and Kirsanov communicated, the stronger their confrontation became, resulting first in a fierce dispute, and then in a duel. An in-depth analysis of the relationship between a democrat-raznochinets and hereditary nobleman to the social role of aristocrats and nihilists, the mode of government, the people, nature and art - best characteristic characters.

Yevgeny Bazarov and Arkady Kirsanov also, in fact, did not resemble each other much - this will become clear in the finale of the novel. Therefore, the second tried to convince his friend that he was mistaken in relation to Pavel Petrovich and asked him to be more lenient. However, the reconciliation of the two different people was impossible, and the duel is proof of that.

What is the essence of the ideological differences between a young commoner and an elderly nobleman?

Attitude towards the aristocracy

First point of contention for them, the question became what is the role of the nobility in state structure and general way of life.

Pavel Petrovich, who was an aristocrat "to the marrow of his bones", claimed that they were the main driving force any development, and this right was given to them at birth. And the ideal of any state is a monarchy and liberal reforms leading to progress.

This point of view caused bitterness in the opponent, the main reason for which he explained by the complete inability of aristocrats to act and, as a result, their uselessness for any society. Proof of this was Kirsanov himself, idly spending his life in the countryside.

Nihilists - who are they?

This is not the end of their disputes, acting as Comparative characteristics. Bazarov and Kirsanov were also interested in other questions.

So, after discussing the role of the aristocracy, they could not help but move on to a discussion of the activities of the nihilists, during which the phrase “he does not believe in anything”, uttered earlier by Arkady, is somewhat corrected by Bazarov. He calls himself a person who accepts only what can be useful. At the current moment, science and medicine were such for him, and the established views on life, monarchy and serfdom, religion were absolutely denied, since they led to stagnation. For Kirsanov, the nihilists were people who only caused irritation with their impudence and unbelief.

Aristocrat and nihilist - two absolutely different generations, which convincingly proves the comparative characteristics of Bazarov and Kirsanov.

Assessment of the role of art in human life

The heroes express their attitude to culture in furious disputes, especially since for Pavel Petrovich it was an attempt to defeat Bazarov, who “denies everything”. Here they appear as complete antipodes. The first is a romantic whose life was spent at balls and in entertainment. It is no coincidence that he advocates poetry, music, love (although at the same time the author shows the emptiness of his reasoning). The second was brought up by labor, so all this for him is stupidity, distracting from the real thing (in this, Turgenev condemns his hero, proving the inconsistency of such views with Bazarov's love for Odintsova).

Comparative characteristics of Bazarov and Kirsanov - conclusions

The novel "Fathers and Sons" appeared groundbreaking work, since it depicted not just representatives of the older and younger generations, but also completely different socio-political forces that played important role in the development of Russia.

A comparative description of Bazarov and Kirsanov makes it clear that both of them were outstanding personalities, the best representatives(and this was emphasized by the author himself) nobles and commoners. In some ways they were right, in some ways they were wrong - this is not so important. The main thing is that both of them have contributed to the development of the country. And I. S. Turgenev managed to catch and convey in his novel important point when generational change occurs and new stage in the development of society.

Differences and similarities in the images of Bazarov and Kirsanov
Speaking about the idea and purpose of his future work, Turgenev admitted: "I was embarrassed by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even meet a hint of what seemed to me everywhere." The merit of the writer lies in the fact that he was the first in Russia to raise this topic in literature and for the first time tried to create the image of a “new man”, a representative of raznochintsy. The author's ambivalent attitude towards his hero was reflected in the novel, but Turgenev, despite the inconsistency of the depicted image, believed that the future was opening up behind these people. “My whole story is directed against the aristocracy as an advanced class,” he wrote. The novel "Fathers and Sons" shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political trends: the liberal nobles and the nihilist democrats. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of the representatives of these trends, the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In addition to this main problem, Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to the moral, cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the 60s. XIX years century. So, the theme of the nobility and its role in the life of society is raised again. According to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force community development. Their ideal is a constitutional monarchy, and the path to the ideal - liberal reforms, publicity, progress. According to Bazarov, the aristocrats are not capable of action, they are of no use, therefore Bazarov denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism, the role of nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich considers them powerless "cynics, impudent and plebeian", they do not respect the people and traditions, but he consoles himself with the fact that there are few of them. Bazarov weightily notes: "Moscow burned down from a penny candle." What do nihilists say? First of all, the need for revolutionary action, so the criterion for them is the benefit of the people. Bazarov believes that the people are still dark and ignorant, they are full of prejudices, but nevertheless they are revolutionary in spirit. Pavel Petrovich is touched by the patriarchal nature of the Russian people, not understanding it in essence. Considering himself a liberal, he nevertheless sniffs English tobacco while talking to a peasant. This is an important feature that characterizes him as a person. Hence the conclusion, we can say that the disputes were not on private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia In all disputes the last word remained with Bazarov. A compromise between the heroes of Turgenev is impossible, a duel is a confirmation of this. main reason, which caused the elder Kirsanov's hatred for Bazarov, was what he hardly admitted even to himself: Bazarov crossed out his whole life. Pavel Kirsanov believed that he was leading a noble life, that he was worthy of respect. And from the point of view of Bazarov, his life is meaningless. The divergence in the views of the main characters lies in their biography. Pavel Petrovich - the son of a general, a brilliant officer who squandered all his mental strength in pursuit of the woman he loves. When she died, he left the world, left his career and settled with his brother in order to live out his life. He is trying to make changes to his estate and household, considers himself a liberal only because serfs are not beaten with a whip on their estate, but he is not able to understand the demands new era, views younger generation they are deeply alien to him. We know little about Bazarov’s past, but we understand that his path is a typical path of a common worker. Years of hard work made him the most educated person. He proudly declares: "My grandfather plowed the land." Bazarov's parents are very religious, their interests are limited. Bazarov educated himself. How many prejudices, how many habits ingrained from childhood, Eugene had to overcome in order to educate himself. Bazarov is a strong man in mind and character. Russia knew many such Bazarovs: after all, both Belinsky, whose memory the novel is dedicated to, and Dobrolyubov went through a difficult life school. The Kirsanov brothers are aristocrats. Turgenev wrote: "They are the best of the nobles - that is why I have chosen them to prove their failure." It is very bitter that their life is so worthless, although they have undoubted merits. Pavel Petrovich treats his brother, Fenechka, very nobly, he is honest, constant in love, he understands art. Nikolai Petrovich, his brother, is a very sensitive person, he is benevolent, soft-hearted, fond of music, but his life is monotonous and boring. Bazarov contributes Fresh air to the "family nest" of the Kirsanovs. Eugene appears before us as a person of a new generation, who replaced the "fathers" who were unable to solve the main problems of the era.

It is generally accepted that in the verbal clash between the liberal Pavel Petrovich and the radical Bazarov, the full truth remains on the side of Bazarov. Meanwhile, a very relative triumph falls to the share of the winner. Readers' sympathies are connected with Bazarov not because he triumphs, and the "fathers" are defeated. Let us pay attention to the special nature of the polemics of the heroes and its not quite usual moral and philosophical result. By the end of the novel, in a conversation with Arkady, Bazarov reproaches his student for his passion for using "opposite commonplaces." To Arkady’s question, what is it, Bazarov answers: “But here’s what: to say, for example, that education is useful is a common place; and to say that enlightenment is harmful is the opposite commonplace. It seems to be dapper, but in essence it is the same. But after all, Bazarov, in disputes with Pavel Petrovich, uses evil just by using "opposite common places"! Kirsanov speaks of the need to follow the authorities and believe in them, Bazarov denies the reasonableness of both. Pavel Petrovich claims that only immoral and empty people can live without "principles". The nihilist calls "princip" an empty non-Russian word. Kirsanov reproaches Bazarov with contempt for the people, the nigga leaf retorts: “Well, if he deserves contempt! Pavel Petrovich talks about Schiller, Goethe, Bazarov exclaims: “A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet! Turgenev is attracted by the absence of aristocratic effeminacy, contempt for the beautiful-hearted phrase, and the impulse to lively practical work in the raznochinets. Bazarov is strong in criticizing the conservatism of Pavel Petrovich, in denouncing the idle talk of Russian liberals, in denying the aesthetic admiration of the “barchuks” for art, in criticizing the noble cult of love. But in challenging obsolete values, the hero goes too far in not hating the “damned barchuks”. The denial of "your" art develops in him into a denial of all art, the denial of "your" love - into the assertion that love is a "feigned feeling": everything in it is easily explained by physiological attraction, the denial of "your" class principles - into the destruction of any principles and authorities, the denial of sentimental noble love for the people - in disregard for the peasant. Breaking with the "barchuks", Bazarov challenges the enduring values ​​of life, putting himself in a tragic situation. In a dispute with Bazarov, Pavel Petrovich is right to a certain extent: life with its ready-made, historically nurtured forms will not yield to the arbitrariness of a person or group of persons unceremoniously treating it. But trust in the experience of the past should not hinder the verification of its viability, its conformity to ever-renewing life. It suggests paternal careful attitude to new social phenomena. Pavel Petrovich, possessed by class arrogance and pride, is deprived of these feelings. In his reverence for the old authorities, the "paternal" noble egoism manifests itself.

Differences and similarities in the images of Bazarov and Kirsanov

Speaking about the idea and purpose of his future work, Turgenev admitted: "I was embarrassed by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even meet a hint of what seemed to me everywhere." The merit of the writer lies in the fact that he was the first in Russia to raise this topic in literature and for the first time tried to create the image of a “new man”, a representative of raznochintsy. The author's ambivalent attitude towards his hero was reflected in the novel, but Turgenev, despite the inconsistency of the depicted image, believed that the future was opening up behind these people. “My whole story is directed against the aristocracy as an advanced class,” he wrote. The novel "Fathers and Sons" shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political trends: liberal nobles and nihilist democrats.

The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of the representatives of these trends, the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In addition to this main problem, Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to the moral, cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the 60s of the XIX century.

So, the theme of the nobility and its role in the life of society is raised again. According to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force of social development. Their ideal is a constitutional monarchy, and the path to the ideal is liberal reforms, publicity, and progress. According to Bazarov, the aristocrats are not capable of action, they are of no use, therefore Bazarov denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism, the role of nihilists in life.

Pavel Petrovich considers them powerless "cynics, impudent and plebeians", they do not respect the people and traditions, but he consoles himself with the fact that there are few of them. Bazarov weightily notes: "Moscow burned down from a penny candle." What do nihilists say? First of all, the need for revolutionary action, so the criterion for them is the benefit of the people. Bazarov believes that the people are still dark and ignorant, they are full of prejudices, but nevertheless they are revolutionary in spirit.

Pavel Petrovich is touched by the patriarchal nature of the Russian people, not understanding it in essence. Considering himself a liberal, he nevertheless sniffs English tobacco while talking to a peasant. This is an important feature that characterizes him as a person. Hence the conclusion, we can say that the disputes were not on private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia. In all disputes, Bazarov had the last word.

A compromise between the heroes of Turgenev is impossible, a duel is a confirmation of this. The main reason that caused the senior Kirsanov's hatred of Bazarov was what he hardly admitted even to himself: Bazarov crossed out his whole life. Pavel Kirsanov believed that he was leading a noble life, that he was worthy of respect. And from the point of view of Bazarov, his life is meaningless.

The divergence in the views of the main characters lies in their biography. Pavel Petrovich is the son of a general, a brilliant officer who spent all his mental strength in pursuit of his beloved woman. When she died, he left the world, left his career and settled with his brother in order to live out his life. He is trying to make changes to his estate and household, considers himself a liberal only because serfs are not beaten with a whip on their estate, but he is not able to understand the requirements of the new era, the views of the younger generation are deeply alien to him.

We know little about Bazarov's past, but we understand that his path is a typical path of a common worker. Years of hard work made him the most educated person. He proudly declares: "My grandfather plowed the land." Bazarov's parents are very religious, their interests are limited. Bazarov educated himself. How many prejudices, how many habits ingrained from childhood, Eugene had to overcome in order to educate himself. Bazarov is a strong man in mind and character. Russia knew many such Bazarovs: after all, both Belinsky, whose memory the novel is dedicated to, and Dobrolyubov went through a difficult life school.

The Kirsanov brothers are aristocrats. Turgenev wrote:

"They are the best of nobles - that is why they are chosen by me to prove their failure."

It is very bitter that their life is so worthless, although they have undoubted merits. Pavel Petrovich treats his brother, Fenechka, very nobly, he is honest, constant in love, he understands art. Nikolai Petrovich, his brother, is a very sensitive person, he is benevolent, soft-hearted, fond of music, but his life is monotonous and boring. Bazarov brings fresh air into the "family nest" of the Kirsanovs. Eugene appears before us as a person of a new generation, who replaced the "fathers" who were unable to solve the main problems of the era.

What is common between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich

Answers:

Difference and similarity in the images of Bazarov and Kirsanov Speaking about the idea and purpose of his future work, Turgenev admitted: “I was embarrassed by the following fact: in not a single work of our literature did I even meet a hint of what seemed to me everywhere.” The merit of the writer lies in the fact that he was the first in Russia to raise this topic in literature and for the first time tried to create the image of a “new man”, a representative of raznochintsy. The author's ambivalent attitude towards his hero was reflected in the novel, but Turgenev, despite the inconsistency of the depicted image, believed that the future was opening up behind these people. “My whole story is directed against the aristocracy as an advanced class,” he wrote. The novel "Fathers and Sons" shows the struggle between the worldviews of two political trends: the liberal nobles and the nihilist democrats. The plot of the novel is built on the opposition of the representatives of these trends, the commoner Bazarov and the nobleman Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov. In addition to this main problem, Turgenev raises a number of other issues related to the moral, cultural, socio-economic development of Russia in the 60s of the XIX century. So, the theme of the nobility and its role in society is raised again. According to Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov, aristocrats are the driving force of social development. Their ideal is a constitutional monarchy, and the path to the ideal is liberal reforms, publicity, and progress. According to Bazarov, the aristocrats are not capable of action, they are of no use, therefore Bazarov denies the ability of the nobility to lead Russia to the future. The next question concerns nihilism, the role of nihilists in life. Pavel Petrovich considers them powerless "cynics, impudent and plebeian", they do not respect the people and traditions, but he consoles himself with the fact that there are few of them. Bazarov weightily notes: "Moscow burned down from a penny candle." What do nihilists say? First of all, the need for revolutionary action, so the criterion for them is the benefit of the people. Bazarov believes that the people are still dark and ignorant, they are full of prejudices, but nevertheless they are revolutionary in spirit. Pavel Petrovich is touched by the patriarchal nature of the Russian people, not understanding it in essence. Considering himself a liberal, he nevertheless sniffs English tobacco while talking to a peasant. This is an important feature that characterizes him as a person. Hence the conclusion, we can say that the disputes were not on private issues. They concerned the present and future of Russia. In all disputes, Bazarov had the last word. A compromise between the heroes of Turgenev is impossible, a duel is a confirmation of this. The main reason that caused the senior Kirsanov's hatred of Bazarov was what he hardly admitted even to himself: Bazarov crossed out his whole life. Pavel Kirsanov believed that he was leading a noble life, that he was worthy of respect. And from the point of view of Bazarov, his life is meaningless. The divergence in the views of the main characters lies in their biography. Pavel Petrovich is the son of a general, a brilliant officer who spent all his mental strength in pursuit of his beloved woman. When she died, he left the world, left his career and settled with his brother in order to live out his life. He is trying to make changes to his estate and household, considers himself a liberal only because serfs are not whipped on their estate, but he is not able to understand the requirements of the new era, the views of the younger generation are deeply alien to him. We know little about Bazarov’s past, but we understand that his path is a typical path of a common worker. Years of hard work made him the most educated person. He proudly declares: "My grandfather plowed the land." Bazarov's parents are very religious, their interests are limited. Bazarov educated himself. How many prejudices, how many habits ingrained from childhood, Eugene had to overcome in order to educate himself. Bazarov is a strong man in mind and character. Russia knew many such Bazarovs: after all, both Belinsky, whose memory the novel is dedicated to, and Dobrolyubov went through a difficult life school. The Kirsanov brothers are aristocrats. Turgenev wrote: "They are the best of the nobles - that is why I have chosen them to prove their failure." It is very bitter that their life is so worthless, although they have undoubted merits. Pavel Petrovich treats his brother, Fenechka, very nobly, he is honest, constant in love, he understands art. Nikolai Petrovich, his brother, is a very sensitive person, he is benevolent, soft-hearted, fond of music, but his life is monotonous and boring. Bazarov brings fresh air into the "family nest" of the Kirsanovs. Eugene appears before us as a person of a new generation, who replaced the "fathers" who were unable to solve the main problems of the era.