Novodevichy cemetery celebrity graves how to get there. Celebrity graves at Novodevichy Cemetery

When telling interlocutors about visiting a cemetery as a sight, you very often see surprise and wariness in the eyes. How instead of magnificent estates, museums and art galleries you wandered among the graves and admired the beauty, decoration, admired the sculptural compositions?!

Indeed, it does not look like a standard monument of architecture and art, but there is so much to see and learn from the famous cemeteries! Almost in every big city there are famous burial places where tourists flock and where excursions are held. And there are plenty of people who want to!

Novodevichy cemetery

We propose to take a walk along the two most famous and important cemeteries Moscow - Novodevichy and Vagankovsky. On their territories lie the great minds of our fatherland, the heroes of the Second World War, statesmen, writers, poets, composers, actors, directors, singers, athletes - all these people left an eternal mark on Russian and world history. Above big amount Our famous sculptors, artists and architects worked on the monuments: M. Anikushin, E. Vuchetich, S. Konenkov, V. Mukhina, N. Tomsky, G. Schultz, many of them also found their last refuge in these cemeteries. Some gravestones are kept amazing stories, secrets and assumptions that have remained unsolved (we recommend reading the versions about the reburial of N.V. Gogol, as well as finding out where the stone was taken from the grave of M.A. Bulgakov. - Approx. Ed.).

Cemetery Vagankovsky

Despite the cold and rainy summer, we managed to use several sunny days and capture our walk in photos. Although it is worth noting that the cloudy and gloomy sky gives mystery and mysticism, which, of course, changes general mood and impression of the place. It all depends on the visitor, on what emotions you want to receive in a certain life period. There is something to think about here, and the silence and the feeling that time has stopped around help clarify thoughts and distract from everyday worries.

Novodevichy cemetery

Novodevichy Cemetery is considered the main Moscow necropolis. IN Soviet time it became the second most important burial place after Kremlin wall. The cemetery is located in the southwestern part of the city, in Khamovniki, on the territory adjacent to the Novodevichy Convent (Sportivnaya metro station).

The first burials appeared in the 17th century on the territory Novodevichy Convent. By the 20th century, there was practically no free space left, and then land was allocated outside the southern wall of the monastery. The official opening date of this part is 1904. On this moment the cemetery occupies more than 7.5 hectares, consists of 4 territories, where 26,000 people are buried.

The territory of the Novodevichy Convent is included in the UNESCO World Heritage List and is one of the most beautiful burial places in the world, deservedly included in the top 10.

Monument on the grave pop singer, People's Artist USSR Ludmila Zykina. The monument is completed people's artist Russia, by the Armenian sculptor Friedrich Sogoyan

Monument on the grave of a circus performer, film actor, TV presenter, director of the Circus on Tsvetnoy Boulevard Yuri Nikulin

Monument at the grave of the great Russian writer Anton Chekhov. Made in the Art Nouveau style according to the project of the artist L. M. Brailovsky

Monument on the grave of the artist and landscape painter Isaac Levitan

Left to right: monument on the grave outstanding architect, a representative of romantic symbolism and constructivism Ilya Golosov; monument on the grave of a writer, academician, count Alexei Tolstoy

Monument at the grave of the great writer Mikhail Bulgakov.“Golgotha” made of Black Sea granite previously stood on the grave of N.V. Gogol, in the cemetery of St. Danilov Monastery, and then, when the writer’s remains were reburied, the stone was sent to the cemetery workshop. In the early 1950s, Golgotha ​​was discovered and bought by E. S. Bulgakov to be installed on her husband's grave. It is worth noting that M. A. Bulgakov was a passionate admirer of the talent of N. V. Gogol

Monument on the grave of the founder of children's literature Samuil Marshak. Sculptor N. B. Nikoghosyan. The monument is located in the Marshakov family memorial

Monument on the grave of a talented world-famous teacher, public figure and writer Anton Makarenko. The monument was made by sculptor Vladimir Tsigal and architect V. Kalinin

Monument on the grave the greatest composer twentieth century, pianist, teacher, People's Artist USSR Dmitri Shostakovich

Monument on the grave of a virtuoso violinist, teacher, People's Artist of the USSR Leonid Kogan. The monument was made by sculptor Yuri Orekhov in the style of geometric abstractionism

Monument on the grave of the composer and conductor Isaak Dunayevsky. The monument was made by a graduate student of the art university P. Melnikova and architect L. Polyakov

Monument on the grave of Russian writer, playwright and critic Nikolai Gogol. Initially, the writer was buried in the cemetery of the St. Danilov Monastery in Moscow, in 1931 the churchyard was liquidated, and the remains of the writer were reburied at the Novodevichy cemetery. The bronze cross from the grave was lost, and the Golgotha ​​was removed. The legend says that this tombstone was brought from the Crimea by Konstantin Aksakov especially for Gogol. In 1952, a monument was opened on the grave with a bust of N.V. Gogol on a pedestal, which was made by the sculptor N.V. Tomsky. And on the occasion of the 200th anniversary of the writer's birth, the authorities tried to restore the original appearance of the grave.

Monument at the grave of a Russian and Soviet actor, theater and film director, laureate of four Stalin Prizes Konstantin Zubov

Monument on the grave of the poet, playwright, one of the most prominent representatives Soviet literature And avant-garde art early twentieth century - Vladimir Mayakovsky. The poet was cremated, the urn with the ashes was kept in a closed columbarium Donskoy cemetery, and in 1952 it was moved to the territory of the Novodevichy cemetery. The monument was made Soviet sculptor Alexander Kibalnikov

Monument at the grave of the Soviet aircraft designer Semyon Lavochkin, specialized in the creation of fighters. family grave

Monument at the grave of an actor, film director, writer and screenwriter Vasily Shukshin

Monument at the grave of the aircraft designer, the founder of the Soviet school of aircraft construction, the "king of fighters" Nikolai Polikarpov

Monument on the grave of a Russian revolutionary, Soviet statesman and party leader Anastas Mikoyan

Monument on the grave Soviet commander, marshal armored forces(1944), Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR Yakova Fedorenko

Monument on the grave of a prominent scientist, great military surgeon Nikolay Burdenko. His wife and son are buried nearby.

Monument at the grave of the writer, poetess and screenwriter Agnii Barto. family memorial

Monument on the grave of the famous virtuoso pianist, conductor, founder of the Moscow Conservatory Nicholas Rubinstein

Monument on the grave of the composer and pianist Alexandra Scriabin. The work of the sculptor E. A. Rudakov

Monument on the grave of a poet, prose writer, artist, architect Andrei Voznesensky. Family memorial. Voznesensky designed the monument for his mother's grave together with Zurab Tsereteli.

Monument at the grave of the actor and director puppet theater, outstanding theatrical figure, People's Artist of the USSR Sergei Obraztsov

Monument on the grave of the famous actress, pop singer, favorite actress of many generations of Russians Ludmila Gurchenko. The monument was made by sculptors Yuri Khorovsky and Yuri Shabelnikov

Monument on the grave of a singer with a rare timbre (lyric soprano), famous actress operetta, People's Artist of the USSR Tatyana Shmyga. The work of sculptors Daria Uspenskaya and Vitaly Shanov

Monument at the grave of a popular film actress Clara Luchko. The work of sculptors Daria Uspenskaya and Vitaly Shanov

Monument on the grave of the greatest opera singer with world fame Fedor Chaliapin.The painting “Portrait of F. I. Chaliapin” by Konstantin Korovin was taken as the basis of the monument.

Monument at the grave of an outstanding physicist, doctor of sciences, professor, owner Nobel Prize Vitaly Ginzburg

Monument on the grave famous actor theater and cinema, People's Artist of the USSR, winner of the State Prize Evgenia Evstigneeva

Monument at the grave of the General Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, Hero Soviet Union Nikita Khrushchev. Job famous sculptor Ernst Neizvestny

Monument at the grave of an aircraft designer, academician, colonel general engineering troops, laureate of the Lenin and five State Prizes of the USSR Andrey Tupolev. The monument was made by sculptor G. Taidze and architect Y. Belopolsky

Monument on the grave of a Russian statesman, the first president of Russia Boris Yeltsin

Monument on the grave of the Soviet painter, teacher, doctor of art history (1956), professor, director of the Moscow State Art Institute named after M.I. V. I. Surikov (1943-1948), First Secretary of the Board of the Union of Artists of the USSR (1958-1964) Sergei Gerasimov

Cemetery Vagankovsky

Vagankovsky cemetery - a monument to the Russian cultural heritage. official year foundations - 1771 - the time of the plague epidemic that accompanied Russian-Turkish war. Both the Turkish and Russian armies suffered from the Plague Riot. By order of Empress Catherine II, those who died of the plague could not be buried within the city, so the land near the village of Vagankova was given over to the mass burial of ordinary Muscovites. The cemetery was filled with graves famous people from slums, poor peasants and petty officials until the 19th century - until the first burials of prominent personalities appeared.

On the territory of the Vagankovsky cemetery, more than 100 thousand burials are related to tragic events our history. Here are mass graves fallen in the Battle of Borodino (1812); monuments to the victims of the Khodynka stampede (1896) and Stalinist repressions(1930); the graves of the defenders of Moscow (1941) and the victims of the August coup (1991). Also buried on Vagankovsky are those who died during the terrorist attack on Dubrovka (2002).

Church of the Resurrection of the Word, was founded on the site of the wooden church of St. John the Merciful (1773) designed by architect A. G. Grigoriev in 1824

Monument on the grave of a Russian poet Sergei Yesenin. Made by sculptor Anatoly Bichukov

Monument at the grave of the Soviet and Russian actor theater and cinema, film director, Honored Artist of the RSFSR (1986), People's Artist of the RSFSR (1991) Alexandra Abdulova

Monument at the grave of the Soviet and Russian poet, bard, novelist and screenwriter, composer Bulat Okudzhava. The work of the sculptor Georgy Frangulyan

Monument on the grave Soviet actor theater and cinema, People's Artist of the RSFSR Sergei Yakovlev. The memorial was made by sculptor Vladimir Evropeytsev

From left to right: a monument on the grave of a writer, poet and playwright Vasily Aksenov; monument on the grave of a famous pop artist, actor Zinovy ​​Vysokovsky

Monument on the grave of the legendary goalkeeper, the face of Soviet football, the player of the Moscow Dynamo and the USSR national team Lev Yashin

Monument on the grave of the theater and film actor, one of the most recognizable Soviet artists Mikhail Pugovkin

Monument on the grave Soviet rock musician, author and performer of songs with a pronounced civic position Igor Talkov

Monument on the grave of a Russian architect Petra Skomoroshenko. Family burial, cultural heritage site

Monument on the grave of the Russian artist-itinerant, the author of the landscape "The Rooks Have Arrived" Alexey Savrasov

Monument on the grave of a modernist architect, painter, who made an invaluable contribution to Russian architecture, Fyodor Shekhtel. Family burial, the project of the memorial was carried out personally by the architect during his lifetime

Monument on the grave of the famous Soviet bard, theater and film actor Vladimir Vysotsky. The work of the sculptor Alexander Rukavishnikov

Monument at the grave of the outstanding opera and pop singer, soloist Bolshoi Theater(since 1975) Yuri Gulyaev

Monument on the grave of the inventor, specialist in rocket technology, Hero of Socialist Labor Nikolai Tikhomirov(cover name, real name - Sletov Nikolai Viktorovich)

Monument on the grave of the Soviet theater and film actor, pop artist, People's Artist of the RSFSR Andrey Mironov. Buried next to mother

If you liked our small excursion, then discard all prejudices and boldly go on a journey in order to see famous cemeteries with my own eyes. Moreover, you can’t see all the monuments in the photo, and the atmosphere of these places will help you feel only your personal presence!

Novodevichy cemetery

Luzhnetsky proezd, 2, st. m. "Sportivnaya"

Every graveyard has at least one ghost, and the list is endless. Let's finish this chapter with a story about the country's main cemetery (except, of course, for Red Square) - Novodevichy.

In 1524, Moscow Prince Vasily III, in memory of the annexation of Smolensk, founded the Novodevichy Convent in Luzhniki right on the road leading to Smolensk. We have already given enough space in this book to the ghosts of this monastery, but now let's talk about its cemetery.

At first, as usual, the nobility and the clergy were buried on it. But over time, graves of representatives of other classes also appeared here: in the 19th century, merchants, writers, musicians, and scientists began to be buried here, and the land allotted for the graveyard was not enough. And in 1898, two hectares of new land were allocated outside the southern wall of the monastery. Cemetery walls were erected, plots were planned. Officially, this part of the cemetery opened in 1904, but burials began to be made earlier. Today it is called "the old Novodevichy cemetery". In 1949, the territory of the cemetery was further expanded to the south (the so-called "new Novodevichy cemetery"), in 1950-1956 walls, gates and service premises were built here. In the late 1970s, after another expansion, the "newest Novodevichy Cemetery" appeared.

Today the area of ​​the Novodevichy cemetery includes four territories, with an area of ​​more than 7.5 hectares, where 26,000 people are buried.

In the thirties of the last century, when other Moscow cemeteries were actively destroyed, the ashes of many famous people were transferred to Novodevichy: N. Gogol, poet D. Venevitinov, writer S. Aksakov, artist I. Levitan, etc.

Writers M. Bulgakov, V. Gilyarovsky, A. N. Tolstoy, V. Mayakovsky, I. Ilf, N. Ostrovsky, S. Marshak, V. Shukshin, actress L. P. Orlova, composers I. Dunaevsky, S. Prokofiev, D. Shostakovich, wife of Stalin N. Alliluyeva.

Writers A. Tvardovsky, I. Ehrenburg, Yu. Semenov, singers M. Bernes, A. Vertinsky, actor and clown Yuri Nikulin, politicians N. Khrushchev, A. Lebed, wife of the first and only president of the USSR R Gorbachev.

Actors E. Leonov, E. Evstigneev, A. Papanov, R. Plyatt, the legendary pilot A. Maresyev and many other famous people lie on the newest territory.

On it, people see black nuns who suddenly appear out of nowhere and disappear into nowhere. Women see these nuns, and it is believed that to see a ghostly nun is to fulfill what a person came to ask for in the cemetery from those lying here.

Three ghostly figures in monastic robes are often seen walking together. The nuns are sure that these are the first three nuns of the monastery buried here: schema nun Elena Devochkina, abbess Dominika and novice Feofaniya.

It is also interesting how the destinies of its inhabitants intersect on Novodevichy, sometimes even through the centuries. Mikhail Bulgakov once, in difficult times, exclaimed, turning to Gogol, whom he considered his teacher: “Cover me with your cast-iron overcoat!” And then, when he felt bad, he often repeated this phrase. When Mikhail Afanasyevich died, his widow, Elena Sergeevna, for a very long time could not decide which monument was worthy of decorating the master’s grave. And one day, by chance, at the entrance to Novodevichy, I saw a large old stone thrown out with traces of a hewn inscription. He, apparently, was prepared for some kind of grave, but he was never in demand. She paid workers to move the stone to her husband's grave. Some time later, one of the cemetery workers told her that this was a tombstone from old grave Gogol, which was in the Danilov Monastery, and at Novodevichy the great writer was given new monument with the inscription "To the great Russian artist from the Soviet government."

For a long time the story about Gogol's stone on Bulgakov's grave was only beautiful legend, but in the 1970s, photos of Gogol's old grave were found, which showed that the stone was exactly the same, and the studies of the stone itself finally confirmed this. The fact is that Aksakov brought this stone especially for Gogol's grave from his Crimean estate, noting that it looks like Mount Golgotha. The study of the stone showed that it is a typical Crimean granite, which does not exist in more northern latitudes.

When the novel The Master and Margarita was finally published in 1967, Elena Sergeevna fulfilled the Master's testament. The writer asked, if the novel sees the light, to give half of the fee for it to the first one who comes with flowers to his grave. This man turned out to be a young man from Leningrad, who, after reading the novel, was shocked and specially went to Moscow to put flowers on the grave of the great writer.

But back to Gogol. The story of his grave is perhaps one of the most mysterious on Novodevichy. The writer suffered from prolonged fainting and was very afraid that he would be buried in such a state, when his pulse and breathing practically disappeared, and he would wake up in the grave. Gogol bequeathed to bury him only when clear signs of decomposition appear on his body. But no one supposedly waited for these signs. Then there were rumors about the scratched lining of the coffin, but still it was not true. There are memories of the sculptor Nikolai Ramazanov, who removed the death mask from Gogol. They say that the assistant who kneaded the plaster said: "Hurry up, there are obvious signs of decomposition." Moreover, when removing death mask a living person would suffocate.

But when Gogol's ashes were transferred, those who opened the grave were horrified to find that the writer's skull was not in the coffin. This is how writer Vladimir Lidin, an eyewitness to the events, who today also lies on Novodevichy, recalls this: “Gogol's grave was opened for almost a whole day. It turned out to be at a much greater depth than ordinary burials ... Starting to dig it out, they stumbled upon a brick crypt of unusual strength, but they did not find a walled hole in it; then they began to dig in the transverse direction in such a way that the excavation fell to the east. By evening, a side aisle of the crypt was discovered, through which the coffin had been pushed into the main crypt at one time. The work of opening the crypt was delayed. Dusk began when the grave was finally opened. The top boards of the coffin were rotten, but the side boards with preserved foil, metal corners, handles, and a partially intact bluish-lilac braid were intact. The skull was not in the coffin. True, at the beginning of the opening of the grave, at a shallow depth, much higher than the crypt with a walled coffin, a skull was discovered, but archaeologists recognized it as belonging young man... And the remains of Gogol began with the cervical vertebrae: the entire skeleton of the skeleton was enclosed in a well-preserved tobacco-colored frock coat; even linen with bone buttons survived under the frock coat; on his feet were high-heeled shoes, approximately 4–5 centimeters, which suggests that Gogol was not tall. The next morning, the remains were transported on a simple cart, in the rain to the cemetery of the Novodevichy Convent, where they were interred ... "By the way, Vladimir Lidin took a piece of a frock coat (as an element of a case for the first edition" dead souls"from his library), the writer Vsevolod Ivanov - a piece of a rib, and the director of the cemetery, a Komsomol member Arakcheev took off and took his shoes.

They say that the writer's skull was stolen from the grave by order of a fan of the Russian theater, the founder of the current Theater Museum, merchant Alexei Alexandrovich Bakhrushin, who already had the skull of the artist Shchepkin on his bureau. When in 1909 the restoration of Gogol's grave was carried out, he instigated two guards of the monastery necropolis to kidnap. Bakhrushin crowned Gogol's head with a silver wreath and placed it in a special rosewood chest with a glass window. But after this acquisition, troubles began in the life of the merchant both in business and in the family field. Bakhrushin connected this with the sacrilege he committed, but he did not know how to return the skull - the grave, as we know, was deepened and bricked up on his orders.

Meanwhile, Bakhrushin's "prank" was not a secret, and soon rumors about it reached the descendant of the writer, a naval officer Yanovsky, who came to the merchant and laid a revolver on the table:

There are two bullets here. One for you if you refuse to hand over the skull, and the second, then, for me.

Bakhrushin did not have to be persuaded, and he gladly gave the skull to the strange visitor. However, the story didn't end there.

Yanovsky wanted to betray the skull of his ancestor to the land of Italy, which Nikolai Vasilyevich loved very much and where he spent a lot of time, but still could not get out there. And just then an opportunity turned up: in the spring of 1911, Italian ships came to Sevastopol to pick up the ashes of compatriots who died in the Crimean campaign of 1854–1855 and rebury them at home.

Yanovsky asked one of the captains, Borghese, to deliver the rosewood casket to Italy and hand it over to the Russian consul there to be buried according to the Orthodox rite. But to be in the ground the skull of the writer, apparently, was not fate. The captain, loaded with official business, did not hand over the casket to the consul, but went on another voyage.

In the summer of 1911, an extra-long railway tunnel in the Apennines for that time was cut in Italy, about which there were many rumors that it had been cut in a cursed place and so on. On the first train, the captain's younger brother decided to go through this tunnel with a company and took a skull with him to scare fellow travelers.

But before entering the tunnel, passengers panicked, and a milky-white cloud of fog dragged from the tunnel itself. The panic was so great that some began to jump from the running boards of the oncoming train. The younger Borghese also jumped, leaving the chest with Gogol's skull in the compartment. The train with passengers entered the tunnel and disappeared. A clear explanation for this fact has not been given even today, but the tunnel was immediately laid with stones, and during the Second World War, a bomb hit the mountain through which it passed and completely collapsed the tunnel.

Today, the organization "Nationalism - the weapon of modernity" (NOS) announced an award to those who find Gogol's skull or at least indicate its exact coordinates. Eight million rubles will be paid after the authenticity of the skull is confirmed by a genetic examination.

But whose skull was found over Gogol's grave is still unknown.

Another legend of Novodevichy is connected with Fyodor Chaliapin. great bass appeared in a dream to the artist Korovin and asked him to remove a stone from his chest. Korovin tried to do this, but found that the stone had grown and the maestro himself turned cold ... A few weeks later the news came that the singer had died in Paris, where he had spent the last 16 years of his life. The ashes of Chaliapin were transported from France to Russia only in 1984, and the first burial of the singer was in the French cemetery of Batignel.