Biography of my mother-Siberian. School Encyclopedia
November 6 (October 25), 1852, Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak was born ( real name- Mamin) - the great Russian prose writer and playwright.
There is no such person in Russia who has not heard the name of Mamin-Sibiryak and has not read at least one of his books.
In the post-revolutionary years, this name was covered with such a thick layer of "textbook gloss" that many do not know the real fate. famous writer, nor many of his works. It is worth pronouncing "Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak", as it rises before your eyes famous photograph, where he looks satisfied with life, a respectable man, in a rich fur coat, in an astrakhan hat.
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D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak |
According to the recollections of his friends, the writer was of medium height, but strong build, charming, with beautiful black eyes, with an invariable pipe. Despite his temper, he was distinguished by kindness and sociability, was known as an excellent storyteller, and was often the soul of the company. At the same time, he did not tolerate injustice, he was a direct, whole person, he did not know how to lie and pretend. Like any good person, "the old people, children loved him and animals were not afraid." The colorful figure of Mamin-Sibiryak was so noticeable that Ilya Repin himself painted from him one of the Cossacks for his famous painting.
However, the personal fate of Mamin-Sibiryak was difficult and unhappy. Only early childhood and fifteen months can be called prosperous. happy marriage. Was not easy creative way famous writer. At the end of his life, he wrote to publishers that his writings "will be typed into 100 volumes, and only 36 have been published." There was no literary success that he deserved, and family drama Russian prose writer and completely resembles the plot of the Mexican TV series ...
Childhood and youth
Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin was born in the village of Visim (Visimo-Shaitansky plant, owned by the Demidovs), 40 kilometers from Nizhny Tagil, which is on the border of Europe and Asia. The father of the future writer is a hereditary priest. The family is large (four children), friendly, hard-working ("without work, I did not see either my father or mother"), reading. The family had a big library: magazines and books were subscribed from St. Petersburg. Mother loved to read aloud to her children. Dmitry's favorite book in childhood was "Childhood of Bagrov-grandson" (Aksakov).
About my early childhood and the writer said about his parents: "There was not a single bitter memory, not a single childish reproach." Hundreds of amazing letters from Dmitry Narkisovich to his parents have been preserved, where he writes “Mom” and “Dad” always with capital letter. But the time has come to study seriously, and the poor priest Mamin did not have money for a gymnasium. Dmitry and his older brother Nikolai were taken to the Yekaterinburg Theological School (Bursa), where their father had once studied. It was a difficult time for Mitya. He considered the years in the bursa to be lost and even harmful: "... the school did not give anything to my mind, did not read a single book ... and did not acquire any knowledge." (Later Pavel Petrovich Bazhov graduated from the same school).
After the theological school, the priest's son had a direct path to the Perm Theological Seminary. There, Dmitry Mamin began his first literary work. But he was “cramped” in the seminary, and the future writer did not complete the course. In 1872, Mamin entered the veterinary department of the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy. In 1876, without graduating from the academy, he moved to the law faculty of St. Petersburg University. It was extremely difficult for him to study, his father could not send money. The student often went hungry and was poorly dressed. Dmitry earned his bread by writing for newspapers. And then there is a serious illness - tuberculosis. I had to quit my studies and return home to the Urals (1878), but already to the city of Nizhnyaya Salda, where his family moved. Father dies soon. Dmitry takes care of all the family.
Ural singer
Dmitry Narkisovich had to work very hard, give lessons: “For three years, 12 hours a day, I wandered through private lessons.” He wrote articles and educated himself. Moved to Yekaterinburg. Wrote books. The writer traveled many roads in the Urals, rafted along the Ural rivers, met many interesting people, studied archives, was engaged in archaeological excavations. He knew the history of the Urals, the economy, nature, folk tales and legends. "Ural! Ural! The body is stone, the heart is fiery” - this was his favorite expression.
The future “classic” signed his first journalistic works D. Sibiryak. In those days, everything that was beyond the Ural Mountains was called Siberia. He began to sign novels with the double surname Mamin-Sibiryak. Now he would call himself Mamin-Ural.
Recognition did not come to the writer immediately. For 9 years he sent his works to different editions and always received a refusal. Only in 1881-1882, a series of essays by D. Sibiryak "From the Urals to Moscow" was published in the Moscow newspaper Russkiye Vedomosti. The talented provincial was noticed not by publishers, but by radical journalists. A number of his essays about the Ural land were published in the St. Petersburg censored magazine Delo, and later the most famous novel"Privalovsky millions". However, for a serious writer, publishing in the "Delo" of the 80s was not great honor: the magazine lived out its last days and took any material allowed by censorship (up to tabloid novels). The works of Mamin-Sibiryak deserved more. However, this publication allowed the talented writer to finally "get through" to the capital's publishing houses and become famous not only in the Urals, but also in the European part of the great country.
Mamin-Sibiryak opened the Urals to the world with all its riches and history. About his novels, you need to conduct a separate and serious conversation, which will not fit into the scope of this essay. The novels demanded a lot of work from Mamin-Sibiryak. The writer did not have assistants and secretaries: he had to rewrite and edit manuscripts many times, make inserts, and perform technical processing of texts. Mamin-Sibiryak was distinguished by his great capacity for work as a writer and was talented in many literary genres: novels, short stories, stories, fairy tales, legends, and essays. The pearls of his work - "Privalovsky Millions", "Mountain Nest", "Gold", "Three Ends" - made a huge contribution to the development of Russian literature and the Russian literary language.
About the language of these works, Chekhov wrote: “Mamin’s words are all real, and he himself speaks them and does not know others.”
Life at a turning point
Dmitry Narkisovich was approaching his fortieth birthday. Comparative prosperity has come. The royalties from the publication of novels gave him the opportunity to buy a house in the center of Yekaterinburg for his mother and sister. He married in a civil marriage to Maria Alekseeva, who left her husband and three children for him. She was older than him, a well-known public figure, an assistant in writing.
It would seem that there is everything to live calmly, happy life, but Dmitry Narkisovich began a crisis of "middle age", followed by a complete spiritual discord. His work was not noticed by metropolitan critics. For the reading public, he still remained a little-known "talented provincial". The originality of the creativity of the Ural "nugget" did not find proper understanding among readers. In 1889, Mamin-Sibiryak writes in one of his letters to a friend:
"... I gave them a whole region with people, nature and all the riches, and they don't even look at my gift."
I was tormented by dissatisfaction with myself. The marriage was not very successful. There were no children. It seemed like life was ending. Dmitry Narkisovich began to drink.
But to the new theater season In 1890, a beautiful young actress Maria Moritsevna Heinrich arrived from St. Petersburg (by her husband and stage - Abramova). They could not but get acquainted: Maria brought Mamin-Sibiryak a gift from Korolenko (his portrait). They fell in love with each other. She is 25 years old, he is almost 40. Everything was not easy. The writer was tormented by debt to his wife. The husband did not give Mary a divorce. Mamin-Sibiryak's family and friends were against this union. Gossip and gossip spread throughout the city. The actress was not allowed to work, there was no life for the writer either. The lovers had no choice but to flee to St. Petersburg.
On March 20, 1892, Maria gave birth to a daughter, but she herself died the next day after a difficult birth. Dmitry Narkisovich almost committed suicide. From the shock he experienced, he cried at night, went to pray in St. Isaac's Cathedral, tried to fill his grief with vodka. From letters to my sister: “I have one thought about Marusya ... I go for a walk to talk loudly with Marusya.” From a letter to his mother: “... happiness flashed like a bright comet, leaving a heavy and bitter aftertaste ... Sad, hard, lonely. Our girl remained in her arms, Elena - all my happiness.
"Alyonushka's Tales"
Elena-Alyonushka was born a sick child (infantile cerebral palsy). Doctors said - "not a tenant." But the father, friends of the father, the nanny-educator - “Aunt Olya” (Olga Frantsevna Guvale later became the wife of Mamin-Sibiryak) pulled Alyonushka from the other world. While Alyonushka was little, her father sat by her bed day and night. No wonder she was called "father's daughter." We can say that Mamin-Sibiryak accomplished the feat of fatherhood. Rather, he accomplished three feats: he found the strength to survive, did not let the child die, and began to write again.
The father told the girl fairy tales. At first he told those that he knew, then, when they ended, he began to compose his own. On the advice of friends, Mamin-Sibiryak began to record and collect them. Alyonushka, like all children, had a good memory, so the writer-father could not repeat himself.
In 1896 Alyonushka's Tales was published as a separate edition. Mamin-Sibiryak wrote: “... The publication is very nice. This is my favorite book - it was written by love itself, and therefore it will outlive everything else. These words turned out to be prophetic. His "Alyonushka's Tales" are reprinted annually, translated into different languages. Much has been written about them, they are associated with folk traditions, the ability of the writer to entertain the child with important moral concepts, especially the feeling of kindness. It is no coincidence that the language of "Alyonushka's Tales" was called "Mother's Syllable" by contemporaries. Kuprin wrote about them: "These tales are poems in prose, more artistic than Turgenev's."
Mamin-Sibiryak writes to the editor during these years: “If I were rich, I would devote myself specifically to children's literature. After all, it is happiness to write for children.
 Mom-Sibiryak with her daughter |
You just have to imagine what state of mind he wrote these stories! The fact is that Dmitry Narkisovich had no rights to his child. Alyonushka was considered "the illegitimate daughter of the bourgeois Abramova", and the first husband of Maria Moritsevna, out of revenge, did not give permission for her adoption. Mamin-Sibiryak reached despair, he was even going to kill Abramov. Only ten years later, thanks to the efforts of the writer's wife, Olga Frantsevna, permission was obtained.
"Happiness to write for children"
Mamin-Sibiryak knew this happiness long before Alyonushka's Tales. Even in Yekaterinburg, the first story-essay for children "The Conquest of Siberia" was written (and he has about 150 children's works in total!). The writer sent his stories to the capital's magazines "Children's Reading", "Rodnik" and others.
Everyone knows the fairy tale "The Gray Neck". She, along with "Alyonushka's Tales" was included in the collection "Tales of Russian Writers" (in the series "Library of World Literature for Children"). When the tale was written, it had a sad ending, but later Mamin-Sibiryak completed the chapter on saving the Gray Neck. The tale has been published many times - both separately and in collections. Many fairy tales were not published until recent years. Now they are returning to the readers. Now we can read "Confession of the old St. Petersburg cat Vaska", written back in 1903, and others.
From early childhood everyone knows the stories of D.N. Some of these stories were highly appreciated during the life of the writer. "Emelya the Hunter" was awarded the Prize of the Pedagogical Society in St. Petersburg, and in 1884 received the International Prize. The story "Wintering on Studenaya" was awarded the Gold Medal of the St. Petersburg Literacy Committee (1892).
Legends in the work of Mamin-Sibiryak
The writer had a longstanding interest in folk legends, especially to those created by the indigenous population of the Urals and Trans-Urals: the Bashkirs, Tatars. Previously, part of the indigenous population was called Kyrgyz (they are mentioned in the legends of Mamin-Sibiryak). In 1889 he wrote to the society Russian literature: "I would like to start collecting songs, fairy tales, beliefs and other works of folk art," he asked for permission to do so. Permission - "Open List" - was issued to Mamin-Sibiryak.
He wanted to write a historical tragedy about Khan Kuchum, but did not have time. Wrote only five legends. They came out as a separate book in 1898, which was later not republished. Some of the legends were included in the collected works of Mamin-Sibiryak, the most famous of which is "Ak-Bozat". Legends have strong, bright heroes, their love for freedom, just love. The Mayan legend is clearly autobiographical, in which early death the heroine who left a small child, the endless grief of the protagonist, who loved his wife very much, and the consonance of names - Maya, Maria. This is a personal song about bitter love, about longing for a dead loved one.
Christmas stories and fairy tales of Mamin-Sibiryak
The son of a priest, a believer, Mamin-Sibiryak wrote Christmas, Christmas stories and fairy tales for both adults and children. After 1917, of course, they were not printed. During the time of the struggle against religion, these works could not be linked with the name of the democratic writer. Now they are published. IN Christmas stories and fairy tales Mamin-Sibiryak preaches the ideas of peace and harmony between people of different nationalities, different social strata, different ages. They are written with humor and optimism.
Last period of life
Last years writer were especially difficult. He himself was ill a lot and was very worried about the fate of his daughter. He buried his closest friends: Chekhov, Gleb Uspensky, Stanyukovich, Garin-Mikhailovsky. It was almost out of print. March 21 (fatal day for Mamin-Sibiryak) 1910, his mother dies. It was a huge loss for him. In 1911, the writer was paralyzed.
Shortly before his death, he wrote to a friend: “... This is the end soon ... I have nothing to regret in literature, she has always been a stepmother for me ... Well, to hell with her, especially since she personally was intertwined with bitter need, about which even the closest friends do not talk about.
The anniversary of the writer was approaching: 60 years from the date of birth and 40 years literary work. They remembered him, came to congratulate him. And Mamin-Sibiryak was in such a state that he no longer heard anything. At 60, he seemed like a decrepit old man with dull eyes. The anniversary was like a memorial service. We talked Nice words: "pride of Russian literature", "artist of the word" ... They presented a luxurious album with congratulations and wishes. This album also contained words about his work for children: “You opened your soul to our children. You understood and loved them, and they understood and loved you…”
But the "recognition" came too late: Dmitry Narkisovich died six days later (November 1912). After his death, telegrams with congratulations on the anniversary still went on and on. The capital press did not notice the departure of Mamin-Sibiryak. Only in Yekaterinburg, friends and admirers of his talent gathered for a funeral evening. They buried Mamin-Sibiryak next to his wife at the cemetery of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra in St. Petersburg.
The fate of Alyonushka
Elena survived her father by two years. After his death, she insisted on a trip to Yekaterinburg. I looked at the city, the surroundings, met with relatives. In her will, Elena Mamina wrote that after the death of the last owner, her father’s house would become a museum, “which I urgently ask you to arrange in this city and, if possible, in the bequeathed house or the house that will be built in its place.”
Her will was fulfilled: in the center of Yekaterinburg there is a wonderful Literary Quarter, which includes the preserved House of Mamin-Sibiryak (Pushkinskaya St., 27) with all the furnishings of those years, books, photographs, drawings and manuscripts of the writer.
Alyonushka died at the age of 22 from transient consumption in the autumn of 1914, during the First World War. All her archives, poems, drawings, part of her father's works were lost. Alyonushka was buried next to her parents. A year later, a monument was erected to all three. The words of Mamin-Sibiryak are carved on it: “To live a thousand lives, suffer and rejoice in a thousand hearts - this is where real life and true happiness.
Elena Shirokova
based on the article: Kapitonova, N. A. Mamin-Sibiryak D. N. // Literary local history: Chelyabinsk region/ ON THE. Kapitonov. - Chelyabinsk: ABRIS, 2008. - S. 18-29.IN Lately site site is increasingly responding to the same search query: “Why is the hero of the fairy tale D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak "Ak-Bozat" left his wife?
The frequency and frightening regularity of this request first surprised us, then puzzled us: “Is it really only this global problem that worries the younger generation of the entire post-Soviet space today?” - we thought.
It turned out that this insoluble question torments only the victims of the current system of secondary education - schoolchildren and students, who, instead of reading Russian literature, are now offered ready-made answers to simple questions, like in a ballot ("yes", "yes", "no", "yes "- cross out the necessary!"). The imperfection of the Unified State Examination is exacerbated by the absolute confidence of students that on the World Wide Web it is easy to find a solution to all the unsolvable problems that mankind has ever set for itself.
We will not smash this enviable confidence to smithereens, because hope dies last. We will answer this question without using "too many letters", so that the answer can be "assimilated" by every representative of the "Pepsi generation", i.e. - in the spirit of the USE test.
Question: “Why is the hero of the fairy tale D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak "Ak-Bozat" left his wife?
Answer options:
- He fell in love with a woman from the neighboring harem;
- He was inflamed with passion for a mare named Ak-Bozat (diagnosis - bestiality);
- My wife ran the household poorly, did not clean up the wagon and did not know how to milk the mares, and spent the whole day sitting on vkontakte.ru.
Now try, my dear, users who basically do not read anything, point your finger at the sky and choose the correct answer. We would recommend doing this to education officials who compose similar tests in Russian literature. Their only goal is to turn Russian schoolchildren into stupid, obedient sheep, capable of choosing the answers already proposed by someone without unnecessary thought and tedious reading.
We advise all other students to refer to the original source and read a very worthy (not to be confused with the word "sucks"!) literary text fairy tales of the Russian writer D.N. Mamin-Siberian. Reading "Ak-Bozat" will take no more than 10-15 minutes, which in any case is less than the time spent searching for a ready-made answer on the Internet.
So,
“Why is the hero of the fairy tale D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak "Ak-Bozat" left his wife?
(opinion of the authors of the site, familiar with the text "Ak-Bozat")
The hero of the fairy tale Bukharbai, a very wealthy man in the past, through his own fault lost (played, drank, squandered) all his fortune. The only thing he managed to save was a thoroughbred foal named Ak-Bozat (Star). For many years, Bukharbay raised a foal, and the mare Ak-Bozat became the main thing in his life: at the same time, the memory of his father and mother, and the hope for his own better future, an object of self-realization.
Hard work bears fruit: the daughter of a rich man pays attention to Bukharbay, who likes Bukharbay himself. However, as a bride price for her daughter, her father asks for Ak-Bozat! It would seem that a mare is a completely acceptable payment for family happiness with a loving wife.
However, the horse was stolen! And this happens just at the moment when Bukharbay "changed" his destiny - he agreed to exchange Ak-Bozat for family happiness, home and material well-being. As a result, life without Ak-Bozat, without a dream, which he once changed and lost forever, turned out to be unbearable for him. Therefore the hero leaves his wife(!) And rushes on the way to his guiding star- Ak-Bozat, the possession of which, as he understands, was the true meaning of his life.
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Tales of Mamin-Siberian
Mamin-Sibiryak wrote many stories, fairy tales, novels for adults and children. The works were published in various children's collections and magazines, printed as separate books. The tales of Mamin-Sibiryak are interesting and informative to read, he truthfully, with a strong word, tells about a difficult life, describes his native Ural nature. Children's literature for the author meant the connection of the child with the adult world, so he took it seriously.
Tales Mamin-Sibiryak wrote, pursuing the goal of raising fair, honest children. A sincere book works wonders, the writer often said. Wise words thrown at fertile ground, will sprout, because children are our future with you. The tales of Mamin-Sibiryak are diverse, designed for children of any age, because the writer tried to reach out to every child's soul. The author did not embellish life, did not justify and did not make excuses, he found nice words conveying the kindness and moral strength of the poor. Describing the lives of people and nature, he subtly and easily conveyed and taught how to take care of them.
Mamin-Sibiryak worked hard and hard on himself, on his skill, before he began to create literary masterpieces. Tales of Mamin-Sibiryak are loved by adults and children, they are included in school curriculum, staging children's matinees in the gardens. The author's witty and sometimes unusual stories are written in the style of a conversation with young readers.
Mom's Sibiryak Alyonushka's fairy tales
Mamin-Sibiryak begins to read from kindergarten or younger school classes. The collection of Alyonushka's tales of Mamin-Sibiryak is the most famous of them. These small tales of several chapters speak to us through the mouths of animals and birds, plants, fish, insects and even toys. The nicknames of the main characters touch adults and amuse children: Komar Komarovich - a long nose, Ruff Ershovich, Brave Hare - long ears and others. At the same time, Mamin-Sibiryak Alyonushka wrote fairy tales not only for entertainment, the author skillfully combined useful information with exciting adventures.
The qualities that develop the tales of Mamin-Sibiryak (in his own opinion):
- Modesty;
- industriousness;
- Sense of humor;
- Responsibility for the common cause;
- Selfless strong friendship.
Alyonushka's fairy tales. Reading order
- Saying;
- Tale of the brave Hare - long ears, slanting eyes, short tail;
- The Tale of the Kozyavochka;
- The tale about Komar Komarovich is a long nose and about shaggy Misha is a short tail;
- Vanka name day;
- The Tale of Sparrow Vorobeich, Ruff Ershovich and the cheerful chimney sweep Yasha;
- A fairy tale about how the last Fly lived;
- The Tale of the Crow-black head and the yellow bird Canary;
- Smarter than everyone;
- The Tale of Milk, Oatmeal Kashka and gray cat Murka;
- It's time to sleep.
Mamin-Siberian. Childhood and youth
The Russian writer Mamin-Sibiryak was born in 1852 in the village of Visim in the Urals. The place of birth in many respects predetermined his easy character, warm kind heart, love for work. The father and mother of the future Russian writer raised four children, earning their bread by hard many hours of work. From childhood, little Dmitry not only saw poverty, but lived in it.
Children's curiosity led the child to completely different places, opening pictures with arrested workers, causing sympathy and at the same time interest. The boy loved to talk for a long time with his father, asking him about everything he had seen during the day. Like his father, Mamin-Sibiryak began to acutely feel and understand what honor, justice, lack of equality are. After many years, the writer repeatedly described the harsh life common people from his childhood.
When Dmitry became sad and anxious, his thoughts flew to his native Ural mountains, memories flowed in a continuous stream and he began to write. For a long time, at night, pouring out their thoughts on paper. Mamin-Sibiryak described his feelings as follows: “It seemed to me that in my native Urals even the sky is clearer and higher, and people are sincere, with broad soul, as if I myself became different, better, kinder, more confident. Most good tales Mamin-Sibiryak wrote at precisely such moments.
The love of literature was instilled in the boy by his adored father. In the evenings, the family read books aloud, replenished the home library and were very proud of it. Mitya grew up thoughtful and addicted ... Several years passed and Mamin-Sibiryak turned 12 years old. It was then that his wanderings and hardships began. His father sent him to study in Yekaterinburg at the school - bursa. There, all issues were resolved by force, the elders humiliated the younger ones, they fed poorly, and Mitya soon fell ill. Of course, his father immediately took him home, but after a few years he was forced to send his son to study in the same bursa, since there would not be enough money for a decent gymnasium. The teachings in the bursa left an indelible mark on the heart of a child at that time. Dmitry Narkisovich said that later it took him many years to expel terrible memories and all the accumulated anger from his heart.
After graduating from the bursa, Mamin-Sibiryak entered the theological seminary, but left it, as he himself explained that he did not want to become a priest and deceive people. Having moved to St. Petersburg, Dmitry entered the veterinary department of the Medical and Surgical Academy, then moved to the Faculty of Law and never graduated.
Mamin-Siberian. First work
Mamin-Sibiryak studied well, did not miss classes, but was a keen person, which for a long time prevented him from finding himself. Dreaming of becoming a writer, he determined for himself two things that needed to be done. The first is to work on your own language style, the second is to understand people's lives, their psychology.
Having written his first novel, Dmitry took it to one of the editorial offices under the pseudonym Tomsky. Interestingly, the editor of the publication at that time was Saltykov-Shchedrin, who, to put it mildly, gave a low rating to the work of Mamin-Sibiryak. The young man was so depressed that, leaving everything, he returned to his family in the Urals.
Then troubles came one after another: the illness and death of his beloved father, numerous moves, fruitless attempts to get an education after all ... Mamin-Sibiryak went through all the trials with honor and already in the early 80s the first rays of glory fell on him. The collection "Ural stories" was published.
Finally, about the tales of Mamin-Sibiryak
Mamin-Sibiryak began to write fairy tales when he was already an adult. Before them, many novels and short stories were written. A talented, warm-hearted writer - Mamin-Sibiryak animated the pages children's books penetrating into young hearts with his kind word. It is necessary to read Alyonushka's tales of Mamin-Sibiryak especially thoughtfully, where the author easily and informatively laid deep meaning, the strength of his Ural character and nobility of thought.
Beat, drum, ta-ta! tra-ta-ta! Play, trumpets: tru-tu! Tu-ru-ru! .. Let's all the music here - today is Vanka's birthday! .. Dear guests, you are welcome... Hey, everyone gather here! Tra-ta-ta! Tru-ru-ru!
Vanka walks around in a red shirt and says:
Brothers, you are welcome ... Treats - as much as you like. Soup from the freshest chips; cutlets from the best, purest sand; pies from multi-colored pieces of paper; what a tea! From the best boiled water. You are welcome ... Music, play! ..
I
By the river, in dense forest, one fine winter day, a crowd of peasants who arrived on a sleigh stopped. The contractor walked around the site and said:
Chop here, brothers... The spruce forest is excellent. A hundred years for each tree will be ...
He took an ax and tapped the butt on the trunk of the nearest spruce. The magnificent tree seemed to groan, and clods of fluffy snow rolled from the shaggy green branches. Somewhere at the top a squirrel flashed, looking with curiosity at the unusual guests; and a loud echo reverberated throughout the forest, as if all those green giants covered in snow were talking at once. The echo died away in a distant whisper, as if the trees were asking each other: who has come? For what?..
Well, but this old woman is no good ... - the contractor added, tapping a standing spruce with a huge hollow with his butt. - She's half rotten.
Bye-bye-bye...
One eye at Alyonushka is sleeping, the other is looking; one ear of Alyonushka is sleeping, the other is listening.
Sleep, Alyonushka, sleep, beauty, and dad will tell fairy tales. It seems that everything is here: the Siberian cat Vaska, and the shaggy village dog Postoiko, and the gray Mouse-louse, and the Cricket behind the stove, and the motley Starling in a cage, and the bully Rooster.
As you wish, and it was amazing! And the most amazing thing was that it was repeated every day. Yes, as soon as they put a pot of milk and an earthenware saucepan with oatmeal on the stove in the kitchen, it will begin.
At first they stand as if nothing, and then the conversation begins:
I am Milk...
And I'm an oatmeal!
At first, the conversation goes quietly, in a whisper, and then Kashka and Molochko begin to gradually get excited.
The first autumn cold, from which the grass turned yellow, caused all the birds to be very alarmed. Everyone began to prepare for the long journey, and everyone had such a serious, preoccupied look. Yes, it is not easy to fly over a space of several thousand miles ... How many poor birds will be exhausted along the way, how many will die from various accidents - in general, there was something to seriously think about.
serious big bird, like swans, geese and ducks, they were going on the road with an important look, realizing the whole difficulty of the upcoming feat; and most of all, little birds made noise, fussed and fussed, like sandpipers, phalaropes, dunlins, blackies, plovers. They had long gathered in flocks and moved from one bank to another over the shallows and swamps with such speed, as if someone had thrown a handful of peas. The little birds had such a big job...
How fun it was in the summer!.. Oh, how fun! It is difficult even to tell everything in order... There were thousands of flies. They fly, buzz, have fun ... When little Mushka was born, she spread her wings, she also had fun. So much fun, so much fun you can't tell. The most interesting thing was that in the morning they opened all the windows and doors to the terrace - in whatever you want, fly through that window.
What a good creature man is, little Mushka was surprised, flying from window to window. - It is for us that the windows are made, and they open them for us too. Very good, and most importantly - fun ...
Vorobey Vorobeich and Ersh Ershovich lived in great friendship. Every day in the summer Vorobey Vorobeich flew to the river and shouted:
Hey brother, hello!.. How are you?
Nothing, we live little by little, - answered Ersh Ershovich. - Come visit me. I, brother, feel good in deep places ... The water is quiet, any water weed as you like. I will treat you to frog caviar, worms, water boogers...
Thank you brother! With pleasure I would go to visit you, but I'm afraid of water. It’s better that you fly to visit me on the roof ... I’ll treat you, brother, with berries - I have a whole garden, and then we’ll get a crust of bread, and oats, and sugar, and a live mosquito. Do you like sugar?
It happened at noon, when all the mosquitoes hid from the heat in the swamp. Komar Komarovich - long nose tucked under a wide sheet and fell asleep. Sleeps and hears a desperate cry:
Oh, fathers! .. oh, carraul! ..
Komar Komarovich jumped out from under the sheet and also shouted:
What happened?.. What are you yelling at?
And mosquitoes fly, buzz, squeak - you can’t make out anything.
Oh, fathers!.. A bear came to our swamp and fell asleep. As he lay down in the grass, he immediately crushed five hundred mosquitoes, as he died, he swallowed a whole hundred. Oh, trouble, brothers! We barely got away from him, otherwise he would have crushed everyone ...
A bunny was born in the forest and was afraid of everything. A twig cracks somewhere, a bird flutters, a lump of snow falls from a tree, - a bunny has a soul in its heels.
The bunny was afraid for a day, afraid for two, afraid for a week, afraid for a year; and then he grew big, and suddenly he got tired of being afraid.
I'm not afraid of anyone! he shouted to the whole forest. - I'm not afraid at all, and that's it!
Old hares gathered, little hares ran, old hares dragged in - everyone listens to the Hare boasting - long ears, slanting eyes, short tail - they listen and do not believe their own ears. It was not yet that the hare was not afraid of anyone.
A fairy tale about the glorious Tsar Pea and his beautiful daughters Princess Kutafya and Princess Goroshinka.
Soon the fairy tale tells, but not soon the deed is done. Fairy tales tell old men and old women for consolation, for young people for teaching, and for little children for obedience. You can’t throw out a word from a fairy tale, and what was, then it was overgrown. Only a slanting hare ran past - listened with a long ear, a firebird flew past - looked with a fiery eye ... Noisy-humming green Forest, the grass-ant grass with azure flowers spreads with a silk carpet, rise to the sky stone mountains pouring down from the mountains fast rivers, boats run across the blue sea, and a mighty Russian hero rides through a dark forest on a good horse, rides along the road to get a gap-grass, which opens up heroic happiness.
The Crow sits on a birch and claps its nose on a branch: clap-clap. She cleaned her nose, looked around and croaked:
Carr... carr!
The cat Vaska, dozing on the fence, nearly collapsed with fear and began to grumble:
Ek took you black head... God grant such a neck! .. What made you happy?
Leave me alone... I don't have time, can't you see? Oh, how once ... Carr-carr-carr! .. And everything is business and business.
I
There lived and lived in the world a cheerful carpenter. That's what his neighbors called him "the cheerful carpenter" because he always worked with songs. Works and sings.
It’s good for him to sing when he has everything, the neighbors said with envy. - And his own hut, and a cow, and a horse, and a garden, and chickens, and ... even a goat.
Indeed, the carpenter had everything: his own hut, and a horse, and a cow, and chickens, and an old stubborn goat. He lived neither poor nor rich, and most importantly - everything was his own. The carpenter himself said:
Thank God I have everything...
Alyonushka's tales of Mamin-Sibiryak
Alyonushka's tales of Mamin-Sibiryak- a wonderful book from the fund of children's literature. This list of stories includes fairy tales, which Mamin-Sibiryak told his little daughter Alyonushka. They contain the colors of a sunny day, the beauty of beautiful Russian nature. Together with Alyonushka, you enter a magical land where children's toys come to life and various plants talk, and ordinary mosquitoes can defeat a huge bear. And of course you will laugh when you are read a fairy tale about a stupid fly who is completely sure that people take out jam only to feed it. Baby fairy tales of Mamin-Sibiryak quite diverse and written for children of different ages. On our site you can read Alyonushka's fairy tales Mom's Sibiryak online without restrictions.
Mamin - Sibiryak Dmitry Narkisovich
(6.11.1852-15.11.1912)
Is in the Urals Small town We hang. He was lost among the mountains and forests, valleys and rivers. Many years ago
November 6, 1852 in the Visimo-Shaitansky plant, Verkhotursky district, Perm province, not far from Nizhny Tagil, a boy Mitya was born - Russian writer Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin - Sibiryak. He was the second child in the family.
His parents were simple, kind, honest people. His father, Narkis Matveyevich Mamin, was a poor factory priest. In addition, he taught children at the parochial school and helped sick and poor people in any way he could. The writer spoke of his mother as the ideal of a Russian woman.
Anna Semyonovna, day after day, recorded observations of the life and development of her children. Pets were full-fledged owners in the house along with people: a wonderful Siberian husky dog with a fluffy tail, a red cat with green eyes; a cheerful canary was jumping in a cage, and a smart talking parrot was sitting on a perch. The children took good care of them.
the evening after labor day the whole family got together. Father read aloud the poems and stories of Pushkin and Lermontov, Gogol and Nekrasov, Aksakov; magazines that were subscribed from the capital. The bookcase occupied the most honorable place in the house. In it, the children found travel books. With the heroes of these books, they sailed on stormy seas, overcame rapid rivers, discovered new lands. And when the parents left, the grandmother told the children fairy tales.
Until the age of 14, Mitya stayed at home, studied at the school where his father taught. Mitya grew up brisk, although he was physically weaker than his brother, an inquisitive, diligent student. Dmitry participated in the games of the factory children - they were the children of field workers, miners, peasants, of course, he knew well how his friends live. The father of his friend Kostya Ryabov had a library where they spent a lot of time. And they also loved to walk in their native places, mountains and forests, knew all the paths, often stayed overnight in the forest with the hunters, listened to their fascinating stories.
Mitya retained his attachment to the Urals for the rest of his life. When adults had to leave him, he remembered the lands dear to his heart. “When I feel sad, I am carried away in thought to my native green mountains, it begins to seem to me that the sky is higher and clearer there, and the people are so kind, and I myself become better ...” he wrote many years later.
At the age of 14 (1866), Mitya Mamin entered the religious school in Yekaterinburg. "Bursa" was distinguished by the wild morals of the students, the constant cramming and cruelty of the teachers. Two years of “bursovskaya” studies flew by, and Mitya returned home to his native Urals happy. Dmitry Narkisovich considered these years of his life to be lost, since he had not read a single book.
At the age of 16 (1868), Dmitry Narkisovich entered the Perm Theological Seminary, gradually he realized that he wanted to be a doctor, not a priest.
At the age of 20 (1872), he applied to leave the seminary. That same summer, he leaves for St. Petersburg and enters the veterinary department of the Medico-Surgical Academy. Here he finds himself in a revolutionary student environment. He attends various circles, reads forbidden books. Concepts of life and need ordinary people expanded. Life turned out to be very difficult, I had to save on everything: on an apartment, on dinner, on clothes, on books, on lighting. But still, Dmitry Narkisovich reads a lot and writes a lot. One day, when it was really bad and everything fell out of hand, there was a knock on the door and offered Dmitry Narkisovich to become a reporter in the Russkiy Mir newspaper. From that time on, he could print and not starve to death.
At age 22 (1874), he transferred to the Faculty of Law, believing that it was better for him as a writer to get a wider knowledge. public life. But lung disease forced him to leave his studies and leave for his homeland, the Urals. He was happy because he constantly yearned for the Urals.
Life in the Urals 1877-1891
In the spring of 1877 (aged 25), Mamin returned to the Urals, to Verkhnyaya Salda, where the family had moved. In January 1878, a great grief befell the family, Narkis Matveyevich died, and from that time to Dmitry Narkisovich. I had to take care of the family to help my mother, 2 brothers and sister.
Soon they move to Yekaterinburg.
Dmitry Narkisovich, in order to somehow live, begins to engage in private lessons and soon becomes the most famous tutor in Yekaterinburg. “For five years I gave private lessons twelve hours a day,” the writer recalled. He wrote for popular literary and journalistic St. Petersburg and Moscow magazines.
Since 1882, the second period of Mamin's literary activity begins. Mamin considered himself a "Siberian", since he was born in the Visimo-Shaitansky industrial settlement, located in the Verkhoturye district, and Verkhoturye at the beginning of the eighteenth century was part of the Siberian province. Therefore, the writer chooses a pseudonym for himself - "Siberian". Adding a pseudonym to his name, the writer quickly gained popularity, and the signature Mamin-Sibiryak remained with him forever. Having stayed in his native places for 14 years, he actively travels to his native places, studies the life of people, their way of life, the economy of his native land and writes, writes, writes.
At the age of 38 (1890), Dmitry Narkisovich married the artist Maria Maritsevna Abramova, her beauty and artistry impressed the writer.
At the age of 39 (1891) they arrived in St. Petersburg. However, their happiness was short-lived. On March 21, 1892, Maria Maritsevna died from childbirth, leaving her beloved a sickly fragile girl - Elena (affectionately called her Alyonushka).
Love for his daughter opened the child's soul to him and revealed the creator to the world immortal creations children's literature.
From 1892 to 1912 D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak created more than one hundred and fifty works for children, after the birth of her daughter. In them, he transferred all the treasured things that had accumulated in his soul: all the unchanging love for nature, for its fabulous beauty, love for all living things that surround a person and live their own special life next to him.
"Alyonushka's Tales" ( 1896), which became a recognized classic of children's literature - a book written by love itself and therefore it will outlive everything else. Mamin-Sibiryak began to write fairy tales and stories for children in the last years of his life, considering this work "more important than anything else." In addition to the funny and joyful Alyonushka Tales, the writer also has other works for children in which he does not hide the harsh truth of life. How much cruelty and injustice in the world, little readers think "Grey neck", "Wintering on the cold", "Emelya hunter" "Stories and fairy tales for young children" (1895), "Zarnitsa" (1897), "Stories and fairy tales" (1898), "Across the Urals" ( 1899) and others. These books cannot be read and listened to calmly; they evoke a feeling of compassion for the characters. Some critics compare Mamin's fairy tales with Andersen's.
In 1894 he writes a novel-biography "Features from the Life of Pepko" (brilliant novel - a memory of his Petersburg youth).
Dmitry Narkisovich died on November 15, 1912. In our time, the works of Mamin-Sibiryak have become available to the whole people, everyone knows them at a very early age.
He was like a piece of jasper
beautiful, patterned jasper,
brought far from native mountains.
About Mamin-Sibiryak, especially after his death, they talked a lot and many. Some with admiration, some with obvious irritation, and some with mockery. This man gave rise to very diverse judgments.
Tall, broad-shouldered, open-faced and "wonderful, a little thoughtful eyes" He stood out in any crowd. And his "the laid-back grace of a young free-trained bear" only strengthened the general impression of some bewitching wild force. Mamin's character was to match the appearance. The same unbridled, quick-tempered. His harsh judgments, his full-bodied witticisms, his harsh assessments often offended people, giving rise to ill-wishers. But more often, Dmitry Narkisovich was forgiven for something that would not have been forgiven to someone else. So great was the charm of this big, strong, but somehow very unprotected and touching person.
His kindness and gentleness were not immediately revealed and not to everyone. Although even the pseudonym, firmly fused with the surname - "Mamin-Sibiryak" - sounded somehow warm, at home.
Strictly speaking, this pseudonym was not entirely accurate. Old wooden house the factory priest, where the future writer was born, was located on the very border of Europe and Asia. "Watershed of the Ural Mountains" passed only 14 versts. There, in the Urals, Dmitry Narkisovich spent his childhood and youth. The best books have been written about the Urals, its extraordinary nature and people. 
But what about Siberia? She was further east. And it was not the favorite theme of the writer and the main content of his works. In fairness, he should have chosen a different pseudonym. For example, Mamin-Uralsky or Mamin-Uralets. Yes, but the sound would not be the same.
Ural - the body is stone, the heart is fiery. He always stayed with Mom. Even when he moved to St. Petersburg and became a completely metropolitan resident, or went to rest with his daughter at some fashionable resort, none of the beauties and miracles there pleased him. Everything seemed dull, devoid of brightness and color.
Why, striving with all his heart to the Urals, he spent almost half of his life away from him. There was a reason. Sad reason. Daughter Alyonushka was born a weak, sickly girl. Even in infancy, she lost her mother. And all the care of her fell on the shoulders of her father. Mamin devoted the last years of his life entirely to his daughter. Doctors forbade Alyonushka to travel long distances, and Dmitry Narkisovich had to come to terms with this. But having taken the Urals from her father, Alyonushka gave him something else.
And not only to him. "Alyonushka's Tales" (1894-96) are touching, poetic, poignantly beautiful. They are written with such selfless love and tenderness that they still make young readers, the same age as little Alyonushka, laugh and cry. And Mamin-Sibiryak himself once admitted: “This is my favorite book, it was written by love itself, and therefore it will outlive everything else”.
By by and large so it happened. More than a century has passed since the appearance of fairy tales. And although “adult” novels and short stories by Mamin-Sibiryak are still being published, for most readers he remains precisely a children’s writer, the creator of the marvelous Alyonushka Tales.
Irina Kazyulkina
WORKS OF D.N.MAMIN-SIBIRYAK
COMPLETE COLLECTED WORKS: in 20 volumes / D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak. - Yekaterinburg: Bank of Cultural Information, 2002-.
The publication is not finished.
COLLECTED WORKS: in 6 volumes / D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak. - Moscow: Fiction, 1980-1981.
At the beginning of the twentieth century, the famous publisher Marx published a collection of works by D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak, which included about 250 (!) Works. Moreover, it did not include stories and fairy tales for children (about 150 titles) and about a hundred works, "lost" in various periodicals or not yet published by that time (publicism, essays, newspaper reports, scientific articles).
This collection of works, although it does not claim to be exhaustive, presents the work of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak quite versatile. It includes not only novels that brought the author fame as the most accurate everyday writer and ethnographer of the Urals, but also numerous stories, essays, articles and, of course, works for children.
SELECTED WORKS: in 2 volumes / D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak. - Moscow: Fiction, 1988.
Mamin-Sibiryak is a Uralian. He was both in life and in work. Any page of it Ural stories and essays keeps the mysterious charm of this region, so unlike the others. At times, it seems that the resinous aroma of fir and spruce forests emanates from these pages, and the Chusovaya and Kama rivers roll out their heavy waves on them.
ALENUSHK'S TALES / D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak; artist S. Nabutovsky. - Moscow: Makhaon, 2011. - 125 p. : ill. - (For the smallest).
"Alyonushka's Tales" were first published in 1894-96 on the pages " Children's reading", one of best magazines that time. It was published by the famous Moscow teacher D.I. Tikhomirov. The fairy tales were published as a separate edition in 1897 and since then have been constantly reprinted in Russia.
MOUNTAIN NEST / D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak. - Moscow: Astrel: AST; Vladimir: VKT, 2011. - 416 p. : ill. - (Russian classics).
GOLD / Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak. - Moscow: AST: Astrel: Polygraphizdat, 2010. - 382 p. : ill. - (Russian classics).
PRIVALOV MILLIONS / D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak. - Moscow: Meshcheryakov Publishing House, 2007. - 480 p. : ill.
"Privalovsky Millions" (1883) and "Mountain Nest" (1984) are the most famous "adult" novels by Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak. They managed to step over a century, so that at the beginning of our century they again become amazingly and even frighteningly modern.
GRAY NECK / Dmitry Mamin-Sibiryak; artist Ludmila Karpenko. - Moscow: TriMag, 2008. - 31 p. : ill.
GRAY NECK / D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak; [ill. V. Ermolaeva]. - Moscow: Meshcheryakov Publishing House, 2009. - 32 p. : ill.
There are books that seem to have always existed. This is one of them. Little ducks could cry over the story just as sincerely and selflessly in the distant past, as they will probably cry in the equally distant future. After all, in the soul of a person there will always be a place for pity and compassion.
FAIRY TALES. LEGENDS. STORIES / D. N. Mamin-Sibirk. - Moscow: New Key, 2003. - 368 p. : ill.
One person, recalling Mamin-Sibiryak, once said: “Children loved him and animals were not afraid”. This book includes stories and fairy tales of the writer, which he dedicated to both.
Irina Kazyulkina
LITERATURE ABOUT THE LIFE AND WORK OF D.N.MAMIN-SIBIRYAK
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. From the distant past: [memoirs] // Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Tales, stories, essays. - Moscow: Moscow worker, 1975. - S. 387-478.
Begak B. A. “After all, it is happiness to write for children” // Begak B. A. Classics in the country of childhood. - Moscow: Children's literature, 1983. - S. 89-98.
Dergachev I. D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak. Personality. Creativity / I. Dergachev. - Ed. 2nd. - Sverdlovsk: Middle Ural book publishing house, 1981. - 304 p. : ill.
Green mountains, motley people: in search of connecting threads: following the travels of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak / [authors of essays A.P. Chernoskutov, Yu.V. Shinkarenko]. - Ekaterinburg: Socrates, 2008. - 480 p. : ill.
Kireev R. Happiness dreamed of a spring thunderstorm // Science and religion. - 2003. - No. 1. - S. 36-39.
Kitainik M. G. Father and daughter: essay in letters // Mamin-Sibiryak D. N. Green mountains. - Moscow: Young Guard, 1982. - S. 332-365.
Korf O. For children about writers: the end of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century. - Moscow: Sagittarius, 2006.
Kuzin N. Suffer and rejoice in a thousand hearts // Our contemporary. - 2002. - No. 10. - S. 234-241.
D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak in the memoirs of contemporaries. - Sverdlovsk: Sverdlovsk book publishing house, 1962. - 361 p.
Pospelov G. N. Life and customs of the stone belt: “Privalovsky millions” by D. N. Mamin-Sibiryak / G. N. Pospelov // Peaks: a book about outstanding works Russian literature. - Moscow: Children's literature, 1983. - S. 54-67.
Sergovantsev N. Mamin-Sibiryak / Nikolai Sergovantsev. - Moscow: Young Guard, 2005. - 337 p. : ill. - (Life of remarkable people).
Tubelskaya G. N. Children's writers of Russia: one hundred and thirty names: a bio-bibliographic reference book / G. N. Tubelskaya. - Moscow: Russian School Library Association, 2007 - 492 p. : ill.
Biographical sketch of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak read on p. 201-203.
Chantsev A. V. Mamin-Sibiryak D. N. // Russian Writers. 1800-1917: biographical dictionary. - Moscow: Big Russian encyclopedia, 1994. - T. 3. - S. 497-502.
Encyclopedia literary heroes: Russian literature of the second half of the XIX century. - Moscow: Olimp: AST, 1997. - 768 p. : ill.
Read about the heroes of the works of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak (including the Gray Sheika) on p. 270-275.
I.K.
SCREENSING OF THE WORKS OF D.N.MAMIN-SIBIRYAK
- ART FILMS -
In the power of gold. Based on the play "The Gold Miners". Dir. I.Pravov. Comp. E.Rodygin. USSR, 1957. Cast: I. Pereverzev, I. Kmit, V. Chekmarev and others.
Gold. Dir. A. Marmontov. Russia, 2012. Cast: S. Bezrukov, M. Porechenkov, I. Skobtseva and others.
On a golden day. TV version of the performance of the Theater. E. Vakhtangov. Dir. M. Markova, A. Remezov. USSR, 1977. Cast: Yu. Borisova, N. Gritsenko, V. Shalevich and others.
Under the linden. TV movie. Dir. S. Remmeh. USSR, 1979. Cast: N. Danilova, A. Leskov, V. Panina, I. Gorbachev and others.
Privalovsky millions. Dir. Ya. Lapshin. Comp. Y. Levitin. USSR, 1972. Cast: L. Kulagin, V. Strzhelchik, L. Khityaeva, A. Fait, L. Chursina, L. Sokolova and others.
Privalovsky millions. TV series. Dir. D.Clante, N.Popov. Comp. S. Pironkov. Germany-Bulgaria, 1983. Cast: R. Chanev, G. Cherkelov, M. Dimitrova and others.
- CARTOONS -
Ruff and sparrow. Based on "The Tale of Sparrow Vorobeich, Ersh Ershovich and Yasha the Merry Chimney Sweep". Dir. V. Petkevich. Belarus, 2000.
Once upon a time there lived the last fly. Based on "The Tale of How the Last Fly Lived". Dir. V. Petkevich. Belarus, 2009.
Gray Neck. Dir. L.Amalrik, V.Polkovnikov. Comp. Yu.Nikolsky. USSR, 1948. Roles were voiced by: V. Ivanova, F. Kurikhin, V. Telegina and others.
Tale about Komar Komarovich. Dir. V. Fomin. Comp. V.Kazenin. USSR, 1980. Roles were voiced by: Z. Naryshkina, M. Vinogradova, Y. Volintsev, B. Runge.
Tale of a brave hare. Dir. N. Pavlovskaya. USSR, 1978.
A story about a goat. Dir. V. Petkevich. Art.-post. A. Petrov. USSR, 1985. Text read by G. Burkov.
Brave Bunny. Dir. I. Ivanov-Vano. Comp. Y. Levitin. USSR, 1955. Roles were voiced by: Vitya Koval, V. Popova, V. Volodin, G. Vitsin and others.
I.K.
“Boo-bye-bye…
One eye at Alyonushka is sleeping, the other is looking; one ear of Alyonushka is sleeping, the other is listening.
Sleep, Alyonushka, sleep, beauty, and dad will tell fairy tales ... "
How many of these stories? Roughly ten:
"The Tale of the Brave Hare - long ears, slanting eyes, short tail",
"The Tale of the Kozyavochka"
“About Komar Komarovich - a long nose and about shaggy Misha - a short tail”,
"Vanka's name day",
"The Tale of Sparrow Vorobeich, Ruff Ershovich and the cheerful chimney sweep Yasha",
"The Tale of How the Last Fly Lived",
"The Tale of the Voronushka - a black little head and a yellow bird Canary",
"Smarter than everyone"
"The parable of Milk, oatmeal and gray cat Murka",
"It's time to sleep". 
Since 1896, when Alyonushka's Tales were first published, Dmitry Narkisovich Mamin-Sibiryak began to consider them his best work, and himself as a children's writer. He chose the name for fairy tales not by chance - Alyonushka was the name of his daughter. Dmitry Narkisovich lovingly called her "father's daughter"- she lost her mother at birth and from the cradle was surrounded only by his care. The girl faced many trials. Almost immediately it became clear that Alyonushka was seriously and hopelessly ill. And only thanks to the great will and courage of her father, she eventually got used to it, adapted to life. And the disease, although not completely gone, receded.
Years will pass, and the grown-up Alyonushka, in turn, will take care of her paralyzed father. This closes the circle of love and self-sacrifice.
... The land has long since reposed both father and daughter. Gone with them all their sorrows and troubles. But love remained. Every page of "Alyonushka's Tales" and "The Gray Neck" breathes with it - works in which the writer managed to forever preserve the features of his dear Alyonushka.
Portrait of father and daughter
This is one of the many joint photographs of Dmitry Narkisovich and Alyonushka. In pre-revolutionary times, they appeared more than once on the pages of children's and youth magazines.
From the latest editions:
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Alyonushka's tales / With forty-five pics. artistic A.Afanasiev [and others]. - Reprint. ed. - M.: IEOPGKO, 2006. - 131 p.: ill. - (B-ka spiritual and moral culture).
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Gray neck / Fig. S. Yarovoy. - M.: Det. lit., 2006. - 16 p.: ill.
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Gray neck / Art. D. Belozertsev. - M.: Aquilegia-M, 2007. - 48 p.: ill. - (Classic).
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Gray neck / Art. L. Karpenko. - M.: TriMag, 2008. - 31 p.: ill.
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. "The Gray Neck" and other tales. - M.: ROSMEN-PRESS, 2009. - 80 p.: ill. - (The best storytellers of Russia).
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Tale of the brave Hare - long ears, slanting eyes, short tail / Art. V. Dugin. - M.: Tsentrpoligraf, 2007. - p.: ill. - (Favorite book).
Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Tale of the brave Hare - long ears, slanting eyes, short tail / Art. S. Sachkov. - M.: AST: Astrel; Tula: Rodnichok, 2007. - 16 p.: ill.
Irina Kazyulkina
DMITRY NARKISOVICH MAMIN-SIBIRYAK
D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak
ABOUT THE BOOK
In the rosy perspective of childhood memories, not only people are alive, but also those inanimate objects that were somehow connected with the little life of a beginner. little man. And now I think about them as living beings, again experiencing the impressions and feelings of distant childhood.
In these mute participants in children's life, in the foreground, of course, is a children's picture book ... It was that living thread that led out of the children's room and connected it with the rest of the world. For me, until now, every children's book is something alive, because it awakens the child's soul, directs children's thoughts in a certain direction and makes them beat baby heart along with millions of other children's hearts. A children's book is a spring sunbeam that awakens the dormant forces of a child's soul and causes the growth of seeds thrown onto this grateful soil. Thanks to this particular book, children merge into one huge spiritual family that knows no ethnographic and geographical boundaries.
<…>
As I see it now, an old wooden house, looking at the square with five large windows. It was remarkable in that on one side the windows overlooked Europe, and on the other - to Asia. The watershed of the Ural Mountains was only fourteen miles away.
“Those mountains are already in Asia,” my father explained to me, pointing to the silhouettes of distant mountains piled up to the horizon. - We live on the very border ...
For me, this "border" contained something especially mysterious, separating two completely incommensurable worlds. In the east, the mountains were higher and more beautiful, but I liked the west more, which was quite prosaically obscured by the low hill of Kokurnikova. As a child, I loved to sit at the window for a long time and look at this mountain. It sometimes seemed to me that she seemed to be consciously obscuring all those miracles that seemed to the childish imagination in the mysterious, far west. After all, everything came from there, from the West, starting with the first children's picture book ... The East did not give anything, and in the child's soul a mysterious craving for the West woke up, grew and matured. By the way, our corner room, which was called the tea room, although they did not drink tea in it, overlooked the west and contained the cherished key to this west, and even now I think of it, as they think of a living person with whom dear ones are connected. memories.
The soul of this tearoom, so to speak, was the bookcase. In him, as in an electric battery, an inexhaustible, mysterious mighty force was concentrated, which caused the first fermentation of children's thoughts. And this closet seems to me also a living being.<…>
“These are our best friends,” my father liked to repeat, pointing to the books. - And what Dear friends… You just need to think about how much intelligence, talent and knowledge you need to write a book. Then it needs to be published, then it has to make a long, long journey until it gets to us in the Urals. Each book will pass through thousands of hands before it is placed on the shelf of our bookcase.<…>
Our library was made up of the classics, and in it - alas! - there was not a single children's book ... In my early childhood, I did not even see such a book. Books were obtained by a long way of writing out from the capitals or accidentally got through the mediation of the booksellers. I had to start reading straight from the classics like grandfather Krylov, Gogol, Pushkin, Goncharov, etc. I saw the first children's picture book only about ten years old, when a new factory manager from artillery officers, a very educated person, came to our factory. How now I remember this first children's book, the title of which I, unfortunately, forgot. But I clearly remember the drawings placed in it, especially the living bridge of monkeys and pictures of tropical nature. Better than this book, then, of course, I have not seen.
In our library, the first children's book was "Children's World" by Ushinsky. This book had to be ordered from St. Petersburg, and we waited for it every day for almost three months. Finally, she appeared and was, of course, eagerly read from blackboard to blackboard. Started with this book new era. It was followed by the stories of Razin, Chistyakov and other children's books. Stories about the conquest of Kamchatka became my favorite book. I read it ten times and knew almost by heart. Simple illustrations were complemented by the imagination. Mentally, I did all the heroic deeds of the conquering Cossacks, swam in light Aleutian kayaks, ate rotten fish from the Chukchi, collected eiderdown on the rocks and died of hunger when the Aleuts, Chukchi and Kamchadals died. From this book, travel became my favorite reading, and my favorite classics were forgotten for a while. By this time, the reading of the "Pallas Frigate" by Goncharov belongs. I looked forward to the evening when my mother finished her day's work and sat down at the table with her treasured book. We traveled together already, sharing equally the dangers and consequences world travel. Wherever we were, whatever we experienced, and sailed on and on, inspired by the thirst to see new countries, new people and forms of life unknown to us. Of course, there were many unknown places and incomprehensible words, but these pitfalls were managed with the help of a dictionary of foreign words and common interpretations.<…>
We are now too accustomed to the book to even approximately estimate the enormous power that it represents. More importantly, this power, in the form of a wandering book in an ofeni box, itself came to the reader at that distant time and, moreover, brought other books with it - books wander around the world in families, and their family connection is preserved between them. I would compare these wandering books with migratory birds that bring spiritual spring with them. You might think that some invisible hand of some invisible genius carried this book across the vast expanse of Rus', tirelessly sowing "reasonable, good, eternal." Yes, it is now easy to arrange a home library from the best authors, especially through illustrated editions; but the book has already made its way into the darkest times, in the good old days of banknotes, tallow candles and any movement of the native "tug". Here it is impossible not to commemorate with a kind word the old bookseller, who, like water, penetrated into every well. For us children, his appearance in the house was a real holiday. He also supervised the selection of books and gave, in case of need, the necessary explanations.<…>
So ... we opened a whole warehouse of books, the container for which was a huge old chest of drawers with brass brackets. Kostya and I pounced on this treasure like mice on grits, and at the very first steps dug up Ammalat-Bek himself from the ashes of oblivion.
For several months we simply raved about this book and greeted each other with a mountain song:
<…>
"Writers" and "poeters" constituted an unsolvable riddle for us. Who are they, where do they live, how do they write their books? For some reason it seemed to me that this mysterious man who wrote books must certainly be angry and proud. This thought saddened me, and I began to feel hopelessly stupid.
“The generals write all the books,” Roman Rodionich assured. - There is no less than a general's rank, otherwise everyone will write!
To prove his words, he referred to the portraits of Karamzin and Krylov - both writers were in the stars.
Kostya and I nevertheless doubted the writing generalship and turned to Alexander Petrovich, who was supposed to know everything, to resolve the issue.
"There are also generals," he answered rather indifferently, straightening his little balls. Why shouldn't there be generals?
- All generals?
- Well, where can everyone be ... There are also very simple ones, like us.
- Simple at all, and compose?
- And they compose because they want to eat. You will come to St. Petersburg book Shop so your eyes will open up. All the books are piled up to the ceiling, like we have firewood. If all the generals wrote, then there would be no aisle from them on the street. There are quite simple writers, and even often they are starving ...
The latter did not fit in at all with the idea of the writer formed in our heads. It even seemed to be ashamed: we are reading his book, and the writer is starving somewhere in St. Petersburg. After all, he tries and composes for us - and we began to feel a little guilty.
“That can't be,” Kostya decided. - Probably, they also receive their salary ...
An even more insoluble question was where reality is in the book and where fiction is.<…>
In our pantry and in Alexander Petrovich's chest of drawers, we found, by the way, many books that are completely inaccessible to our children's understanding. They were all old books, printed on thick blue paper with mysterious watermarks and bound in leather. They exuded indestructible strength, like well-preserved old men. Since childhood, I have shown a love for such an old book, and my imagination drew mysterious person who wrote a book a hundred or two hundred years ago for me to read now.<…>
Among the mysterious old books were those whose very title was difficult to understand: The Key to the Mysteries of Science, The Theater of Judicial Science, The Brief and Easiest Way to Pray, the work of Madame Gion, The Triumphant Chameleon, or the Depiction of Anecdotes and Properties Count Mirabeau”, “Three Initial Human Properties, or Image of Cold, Hot and Warm”, “Moral Letters to Lida about the Love of Noble Souls”, “Irtysh Turning into Hippocrene” (scattered books of the first Siberian magazine), etc. We tried to read these tricky mystery books and perished in the most shameful way on the first pages. This convinced us only that these old books are the most intelligent, because they can only be understood by educated people as our factory manager.
<…>
The 1960s were marked even in the remotest province by an enormous influx of new, popular scientific books. It was a clear sign of the times.<…>
I was fifteen years old when I met with a new book. The famous platinum mines were about ten versts from our plant. The manager, or, in a factory way, trusted, was a former student of Kazan University, Nikolai Fedorych, who entered there. Kostya and I already wandered with guns in the neighboring mountains, visited the mine, met new people and found here and new book, and a microscope, and brand new conversations. Another former student Alexander Alekseevich lived in the mine office, who, mainly, initiated us into new faith. In the office on the shelf were books unknown to us even by name. There were botanical conversations by Schleiden, and Moleschot, and Vogt, and Lyayel, and many other famous European names. Fully revealed before our eyes new world, immense and irresistibly beckoning to itself with the light of real knowledge and real science. We were simply stunned and did not know what to take on, and most importantly, how to take it “from the very beginning”, so that later mistakes would not come out and we would not have to return to the previous one.
It was a naive and happy faith in that science that was supposed to explain everything and teach everything, and the science itself consisted in those new books that stood on the shelf in the mine office.<…>
And now, when I accidentally come across some book published in the sixties somewhere at a second-hand book dealer, I have a joyful feeling, as if you will find a good old acquaintance.
NOTES
The essay "About the book" is given in abbreviated edition: Mamin-Sibiryak D.N. Collected works: in 8 volumes - M .: Goslitizdat, 1953-1955. - T. 8. - S. 553-570.
"Children's World" Ushinsky - « native word"and" Children's World "- the first Russian books for primary education children, published since the mid-1860s. huge circulations and therefore publicly available. They consisted of stories and fairy tales about nature and animals. The great Russian teacher, philosopher and writer Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky wrote them abroad, having studied the schools of Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy and other countries and summarizing his teaching experience.
Ammalat Bek- the story of Alexander Alexandrovich Bestuzhev-Marlinsky (1797-1837). Decembrist writer, he was transferred from Siberian exile to the Caucasus, to the active army; As an ordinary soldier, he took part in battles with the highlanders and died in the same year as A.S. Pushkin. Marlinsky's romantic stories captivated readers in the late 1820s and 1830s, but later the unearthly passions and pompous language of his characters were perceived more as a parody of romanticism.
Kostya- the son of a factory employee, a childhood friend of D.N. Mamin-Sibiryak.
Stories by Razin, Chistyakov- in 1851-65. teacher and children's writer Mikhail Borisovich Chistyakov (1809-1885) published the "Magazine for Children", first together with Alexei Egorovich Razin (1823-1875), a journalist and popularizer, and then alone. The magazine published novels, stories and essays in which the author told children in a fascinating way about history, geography, literature, famous people of Russia and other countries.
Schleiden's botanical conversations- Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1804-1881), German biologist, botanist and social activist.
Moleshot - the works of the Dutch physiologist Jacob Moleschott (1822-1893) were well known in Russia in the second half of the 19th century.
Vogt - German naturalist, zoologist and paleontologist Karl Vogt (Vogt; 1817-1895).
Lyell - Charles Lyell (1797-1875), English geologist, founder of modern geology.
