Manuscript Gospels of the XI-XIV centuries. Collections of the Sapieha family
Our "great and mighty" until recently was a compulsory subject in every Polish school, and now it is exclusively in a small number of schools. For example, we are friends with such a Polish school in the city of Gdansk. Every year, a large group of teachers and children come to Trinity to practice the study of the Russian language and go on a journey "Routes of the "Crimean Sonnets" by Adam Mickiewicz.", developed by the "Academy of Adventures" https://sites.google.com/a/uvk6.info/akademia-priklucenij/home
. Polish schoolchildren have been studying Crimea with great interest for 12 days, annually, since 2009. 30 people will come in 2012. Friendship with the fraternal Polish people is very important to us, this is Slavic people, with which we have much in common: centuries-old history, culture, language, traditions.
The work is devoted to the study of the travel route of Adam Mickiewicz across the Crimea, made by the poet in 1825, when he was exiled from Poland for participating in a secret patriotic youth organization.
Crimea, despite adversity political exile, became a place where the poet was happy and in love; where inspired enchanting beauty nature, he presented us with a collection of "Crimean sonnets", in which he captured his journey with accuracy geographical description: Tarkhankut, Evpatoria, Bakhchisaray, Balaklava, Baidary, Gurzuf, Ayu-Dag, Alushta, Chatyr-Dag. At each memorable place we read poems in three languages: Polish, Russian and Ukrainian.
Autumn gentle peace all around.
Wooded mountains motley slopes.
And the day flows azure-gold
So slowly, as if weary.
Go to the woods, leaving the house in the morning.
Into the expanse of yayles, to their rocky cliffs,
And only in the transparent twilight of the night
Come back tired and happy.
Adam Miscavige
(Mickiewicz) (12/24/1798 - 11/26/1855) - Polish poet, founder of Polish romanticism, leader of the national liberation movement. Born on the farm Zaosye near the city of Novogrudok, which is now part of Belarus. His father, Nikolai Mitskevich, a lawyer, belonged to a small estate gentry. After graduating from school, Adam entered the Faculty of Physics and Mathematics at Vilna University, where he studied for a year. In the spring of 1816 he moved to the Faculty of History and Philology, graduating in 1819. He taught in Kovno (now Kaunas; 1819-23). Early works Mickiewicz (the first poem was published in 1818) testify to a passion for the free-thinking traditions of the Enlightenment (translation of an excerpt from Voltaire's Virgin of Orleans; poems "Meshko, Prince of Novogrudok", 1817, "Potato", 1819, both published in full in 1948). Since 1817, he participated in the creation and activities of patriotic youth circles of "philomaths" and "filaretes" ("loving virtue"), wrote a number of program poems for them, including "Ode to Youth" (1820), imbued with the romantic enthusiasm of young people who dreamed of about the fight for freedom. Adam Mickiewicz's first poetry collection ("Poetry", vol. 1, 1822) became a manifesto of the romantic trend in Polish literature. The 2nd volume of "Poetry" (1823) included the romantic lyrical epic poem "Grazhina", which marked the beginning of the genre of the so-called. Polish "poetic story"; written on a plot from the history of Lithuania, it affirmed the feat and self-sacrifice of a heroic personality. This volume also includes dramatic poem"Dzyady" (parts 2, 4), where the search for a new content and form on the basis of the people, understood in the spirit of romanticism (the image of the common folk rite of commemoration of the dead), was combined with artistic interpretation personal theme: a hero suffering from the pangs of unhappy love and denouncing a society that has violated the "rights of the heart."
Arrested (1823) in the case of Philomath-Philaret organizations, Mickiewicz was expelled from Lithuania in 1824 and stayed in Russia until 1829 (Petersburg, Odessa, Moscow, again Petersburg), where he became close to the participants Decembrist movement(Ryleev, A. A. Bestuzhev) and prominent writers (Pushkin and others), who highly appreciated his talent. These friendly ties contributed to the maturation of Mickiewicz's idea of a revolutionary union of the peoples of Russia and Poland. Adam Mickiewicz's book "Sonnets" (1826) was published in Russia - with the "Crimean Sonnets" cycle, which struck the reader with its splendor landscape paintings, heartfelt lyricism, the image of a "pilgrim" hero yearning for an abandoned homeland, and oriental motifs new to Polish poetry. In 1828, the poem "Konrad Wallenrod" (about the struggle of the Lithuanians against the Teutonic aggression) was published, depicting tragic hero- a lone fighter who sacrifices personal happiness for the sake of saving the people; the poem had a revolutionary impact on contemporaries. In the book "Poetry" (vols. 1-2, 1829) Mickiewicz included new intimate lyrical poems, the poem "Faris", ballads.
In 1829 Mickiewicz left Russia, visited Germany, Switzerland, and Italy. After a failed attempt to join Polish uprising 1830, the poet forever remained in exile (he lived mainly in Paris), continuing his literary and revolutionary activity. In the third part of "Dzyadov" (1832), Mickiewicz called on his compatriots to continue the struggle. He contrasted the heroism and fortitude of patriotic youth (episodes of the internal forces nation, created the titanic image of the poet Conrad; sympathizing with the suffering of the people, the hero challenges God to a duel, as the culprit of the evil reigning in the world. The drama had a free, fragmentary construction, two plans of action: fantastic and real. Adjacent to it was the epic "Fragment" - pictures of autocratic Russia, an angry pamphlet on tsarism. Here the poet expressed his solidarity with advanced people Russia (poems "Monument to Peter the Great", "Russian friends"). At the same time, in the 3rd part of "Dzyadov" (as well as in the artistic and publicistic essay "The Book of the Polish People and Polish Pilgrimage", 1832), Mickiewicz expounds the doctrine of the so-called. "Polish messianism", according to which the sufferings of Poland are associated with a special historical vocation martyr people - "Christ of the Nations". The poet calls on the Polish emigration to participate in the "general war for the freedom of the peoples", in the European revolution (the same thoughts are contained in Mickiewicz's articles in the newspaper "Pielgrzym Polski" - "Pielgrzym Polski", 1832-33).
In 1834 Mickiewicz published his last major work- the poem "Pan Tadeusz". This Polish national epic, in which realistic tendencies were clearly manifested, became an encyclopedia of old Polish life, a masterpiece of verbal painting, typification and individualization of characters; Mickiewicz paints the world of gentry antiquity with humor and sadness, without obscuring its vices, understanding its historical doom and at the same time admiring its brilliance. In subsequent years, Mickiewicz wrote almost nothing (the last rise of his inspiration was a few lyric poems, 1838-39). He led an active social and cultural activities: in 1839-40 he taught a course in Roman literature in Lausanne, then (until 1844) he held the chair of Slavic literatures at the Paris College de France. In 1841, there was a crisis in the poet's worldview: he joined the sect of the mystic A. Toviansky. In 1848, Mickiewicz resumed his revolutionary activities: he created a Polish legion that fought for the freedom of Italy, in Paris he contributed to the newspaper La Tribune des peuples (1849), he published articles of a revolutionary democratic nature, showing interest in utopian socialism calling for a revolutionary union of peoples. During Crimean War of 1853-56 Mickiewicz went on a political mission to Constantinople, where he died of cholera (his ashes, buried in Paris, were transferred to Krakow in 1890).
The poetry of Adam Mickiewicz had great value for the Polish national liberation movement, for the development of democratic thought, renewal Polish literature; she enriched literary language, versification, poetic genres. The role of Mickiewicz in the development of the Polish theater is significant (the productions of his Dzyadov, numerous statements on dramaturgy). In Russia, Mickiewicz gained popularity during his lifetime. His poems were translated by A. S. Pushkin,Lermontov , K. F. Ryleev, I. I. Kozlov, N. P. Ogarev,Maykov, M. L. Mikhailov, Fet, Bryusov, Bunin and etc.
June 3-4. In 2012 Trinity - June 3. Will procession on Eklizi - a breaker, where the remains of the monastery were found, several thousand people will climb Chatyrdag and our group will begin their route. After the prayer we will go down to the lower plateau to a large cave basin and there we will visit the caves: Suuk Kobu, Binbash - Kobu and Emine - Bair - Khasar, we will spend the night in the area of the Marble Cave.
"Chatyrdag"I bow with trepidation at the feet of your stronghold,The great Chatyrdag, the mighty khan of Yayla. About the mast Crimean mountains! Oh minaret of Allah! You ascended to the clouds in the azure deserts And there you stand alone, at the gates of the superstellar countries, Does the sun bake us, does the darkness float like smoke, Passionate dragoman of universal creation, |
| Fabulously beautiful Emine - Bair - Khasar |
Before the sun - the crest of the mountains takes off its cover;
And the forest stirred, dropping its curls,
He hurries to pray his golden field.
As from the Khan's rosary, a rain of stones and pearls;
The valley is full of flowers. Over these flowers
Swarm of motley butterflies - flying flowers swarm -
That the canopy is shaking with diamond waves;
And above - the locust raises its veil.
Above the abyss of the sea stands a naked rock.
A breaker flies at her feet and, shatter
And foam, like a tiger's eyes, all sparkling,
He leaves with the thought of appearing at the same hour;
But the blue sea is calm - seagulls soar,
Swans walk, and the ships turn white. ..
Bear mountain or Ayu-Dag- a mountain on the southern coast of Crimea, located east of Gurzuf. The height of the Bear Mountain reaches 577 meters above sea level. The mountain range is slightly elongated in a north-western direction for 2400 meters and protrudes into the sea for 2-2.5 kilometers. total area Bear Mountain is about 4 square kilometers. Since 1947Ayu-Dagdeclared a natural monument of Crimea.
On the top of Ayu-Dag at an altitude of 577 meters above sea level. A. Pushkin and A. Mitskevich went up here on horseback.
| I like, Ayudag, to follow from your stones, Like a black shaft goes, swirling and growing, It will collapse, boil and, shining with silver, It will scatter a large rain of rainbow lights. As the second one comes running, it will whip even harder, Isn't it so, young bard, love is a flying storm Without darkening your world, the storm raged, |
DESCRIPTION OF ROUTES OF MOVEMENT ON MOUNTAIN AYU-DAG
1. To the clearing of Ai-ConstantThe easiest route. From the entrance - along the path to the left. First down, then up. This trail after 10-15 minutes of movement leads to the "Big Stones", after them it turns left. After 1 - 2 minutes walk from the "Big Stones" there is a fork. You need to turn left, the path passes through the collapse of stones from the former monastery fence. In a minute or two - exit to the biofield. Here are the ruins of a medieval Christian temple ( VIII - X VII centuries) of the monastery of Sts. Constantine and Elena.
2. To the "observation glade"
a) from the entrance to Ayu-Dag. - Straight up the fire road. The movement lasts 30-40 minutes.
b) From the glade "Ai-Constant". First, you should return to the "Big Stones".
If you look at them from above, then on the left there is a barely noticeable path upward that passes through a small clearing, from the latter, lead the trail "to the fire road. Go up along it.
3. To the bay "Panair".
From the viewing glade, about 10 meters from the railing, the path forks.
To the bay "Panair" - you should choose a barely noticeable path on the left, passing through the bush. The descent is approximately 20 minutes. There are two forks before the road, both times - turn left. From the ruins of a medieval monastery - descent to the sea along the path on the left.
4. To the fork - Cape "Monastyrsky"; Fortification "Biyuk-Kastel".
From the "viewing glade" along the main path up, through the ruins of a medieval monastery ( VIII-XV centuries). After 15-20 minutes - a fork.
That sea. Take a closer look: there is a rock on his chest
Or a bird, knocked down by thunderbolts, lay down
And spread her wings with a rainbow of chamomile?
Or is it a reef floating in a frame of opal?
Not a reef, but a cloud there. She is like the darkness of the night,
She covered half the world with the shadow of huge wings.
And here is the lightning. Did you see how it sparkled?
But your horse is backing away - there is an abyss, besiege!
Let him, like my horse, take it on a grand scale!
I'm jumping! I'll disappear first, but watch out:
My turban flashes - hit the horse without fear
And, giving spurs, fly, just call on Allah!
And if it doesn’t flash - come back: there is no way for people here!
“We climbed the mountain stairs on foot, holding the tail our Tatar horses. It amused me extremely and seemed to be some kind of mysterious oriental rite...” (A.S. Pushkin)
June 9 - Rock Taraktash - Botkinskaya trail - Glade of fairy tales - Baidarskaya valley
Valleys, rocks, forest flash before me,
Changing like wave after wave...
To revel in that whirlwind of images - I love it!
But the horse was exhausted. It pours softly on the ground
Mysterious haze from darkening skies
And before tired eyes everything rushes
That whirlwind of images - valleys, rocks, forest...
Everything sleeps, I can't sleep - and I run to the sea;
Here with noise the black shaft approaches; greedily i
I bow to him and stretch out my hands ...
Splashed, he closed; chaos brought me -
And I, like a boat spinning in the abyss, I expect
That my thought will taste at least for a moment of oblivion
deserted
deserted magnificent house where the formidable Giray lived.
Throne of glory, temple of love - courtyards, steps, entrances,
What they swept with the pasha's forehead in the old days, -
Now the nesting ground is only locusts and snakes.
Intruding into the halls through the windows of the galleries,
Captures the ivy, climbing the vaults,
The creations of human hands in the name of the rights of nature,
Like Belshazzar's finger, he draws the inscription: "Spoils!"
Only the fountain in the sad desolation is not silent -
Fountain of harem wives, witness of the best years,
He quietly sheds tears, mourning decay:
Oh glory! Power! Love! O triumph of victories!
You are destined for centuries, but for me one moment.
But my days last, and the trace of you disappeared.
Tarkhankut is the western tip of the Crimean peninsula, it begins immediately behind Lake Donuzlav. Tarkhankut for those who love the expanse of the steppe, extreme climbing and luxurious undersea world an unusually clear sea... Who loves swimming, diving, sunbathing, swimming with hydroguns, the romance of tents, songs by the fire, food cooked on the fire, sea sunsets and dawns, the sound of the surf, the cries of seagulls and steep rocky shores - proud and impregnable, dazzling white and exquisitely beautiful ...
Valenty Wilhelm Vankovich -a descendant of a family whose history dates back to the 14th century, and one of many artists of the 19th century, which became famous far beyond the borders of the homeland. However, for a long time there were no paintings of a famous countryman on the territory of Belarus. Returned only one - "Portrait of the poet Tomasz Zan". On your birthday VankovichTUT.BY tells about the main events of his life.
In 1805, the boy's father received the position of Minsk judge, and the family moved to the city. The house, known as the "Vankovichi House-Museum" on the former Volosskaya Street (now Internatsionalnaya Street) belonged to Uncle Valenty, and his father owned two Minsk estates - Bolshaya and Malaya Slepyanka. About the restoration of one of the .
Like many local young nobles of the early 19th century, Vankovich studied at the Polotsk Jesuit Collegium. In 1811 it was renamed the Polotsk Academy. Then future artist studied at the Department of Literature and fine arts Vilnius University. His teacher was the famous Lithuanian painter Jan Rustem. There Vankovich met and became friends with Adam Mickiewicz.
During his apprenticeship, the artist painted portraits of his university friends, including Mickiewicz. It was the first depiction of the poet in art. The "Philomat" series (Vankovich was a member of the secret partnership of philomaths. - TUT.BY) was continued by romantic portraits of Tomasz Zahn, Frantishek Malevsky, Julian Korsak.
For outstanding achievements, Vankovich was sent to study at the Imperial Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg at the expense of the university. Participation in competitions brought him two silver medals, and the painting "Feat young resident of Kiev during the siege of Kyiv by the Pechenegs in 968" - a gold medal. At this time, Vankovich went home - and returned married to Anela Rostotskaya.
In St. Petersburg in 1828, the artist painted one of his most famous paintings - "Adam Mickiewicz on the rock Ayu-Dag". One of the four copies was on the territory of Belarus for some time, then. There are suggestions that the painting kept in the museum in Warsaw was taken out of Belarus. But there is no documentary evidence for this.
As a rule, Valenty Vankovich portrayed relatives and friends in portraits. Petersburg, he painted portraits Russian poets Alexander Pushkin, Pyotr Vyazemsky and Vasily Zhukovsky. Pushkin's portrait was kept for a long time in the estate collection of paintings in Bolshaya Slepyanka and disappeared in 1863, when the estate was confiscated for participation in the uprising of Valenty's son, Jan Edward Vankovich. But a sketch for this painting has been preserved.
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Sketch of a portrait of Pushkin. Photo: delaemvmeste.by |
In 1829, the artist returned to his family estate Slepyanka, and set up a studio in one of the estates in Malaya Slepyanka. Unfortunately, neither the house nor the workshop survived.
Vankovich intended to participate in the uprising of 1830, even bought a horse and weapons, but could not because of an exacerbation of his illness. At this time, the artist fruitfully wrote on historical theme.
In 1812, he was a 12-year-old witness to the Minsk events of the Napoleonic War and subsequently dedicated a series of works to the French emperor: "Napoleon at the Campfire", "Napoleon over the Map of Europe", "Napoleon's Apotheosis", "Napoleon on St. Helena".
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Portrait of Andrei Tovansky. Photo: en.wikipedia.org | A woman is playing solitaire. Photo: en.wikipedia.org |
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Portrait of Kazimir Pesetsky. Photo: delaemvmeste.by | Portrait of the famous pianist Maria Shimanovskaya. Photo: delaemvmeste.by |
Vankovich had three sons: Adam-Vikenty, Kazimir-Adam and Jan-Edward. The latter, by the way, was one of the leaders of the uprising of 1863-1864.
Paintings, sketches, drawings by Vankovich are kept in the museums of Vilnius, St. Petersburg, Warsaw, Krakow, and Paris. Many works are also in private collections of the descendants of those whom the artist painted in the first half of the 19th century. last picture Vankovich "Our Lady of Ostrobramskaya" is stored in paris cathedral Saint Severin.
Until recently, there was not a single work of the artist on the territory of Belarus. his brushes from private collection Belgazprombank until July 10 can be seen in
Lubię poglądać wsparty on Judahu rock,
Jak spienione bałwany to w czarne szeregi
Ścisnąwszy się buchają, to jak srebrne śniegi
W milijonowych tęczach kołują wspaniale.
Trącą się o mieliznę, rozbiją na fale,
Jak wojsko wielorybów zalegając brzegi,
Zdobędą ląd w tryumfie i, na powrót zbiegi,
Miecą za sobą muszle, perły i korale.
Podobnie na twe serce, o poeto młody!
Namiętność często groźne wzburza niepogody;
Lecz gdy podniesiesz bardon, ona bez twej szkody
Ucieka w zapomnienia pogrążyć się toni
I nieśmiertelne pieśni za sobą uroni,
Z ktorych wieki uplotą ozdobę twych skroni.
Under the cut - translation (my interlinear and literary ones) and a portrait :)
I like to watch, climbing the Ayu-Daga rock,
Like foamy waves, then in black ranks
Shrinking, they beat like silver snow
In millions of rainbows, the beautiful are spinning.
Running aground, breaking into waves,
Like an army of whales that have captured the shore,
Having obtained land in triumph and, turning around, runs,
Leaving behind shells, pearls and corals.
It looks like your heart, O young poet!
Passion often raises a formidable bad weather;
But just take the lute, it's harmless
Runs away, plunges into oblivion and drowns
And leaves behind immortal songs,
From which the centuries will weave the decoration of your head (forehead).
Vankovich, Valenty (Vankovich, Valenty) - Adam Mitskevich on Mount Ayu-Dag. 1827-1828
Translation - V. V. Levik
I like, Ayudag, to follow from your stones,
Like a black shaft goes, swirling and growing,
It will collapse, boil and, shining with silver,
It will scatter a large rain of rainbow lights.
As the second one comes running, it will whip even harder,
And the waves from it, like a huge flock of fish,
They will seize the shallows and again roll back to the edge,
Leaving a pebble, pearl or coral on it.
Isn't it so, young bard, love is a flying storm
Burst into your chest, cover the sky with a cloud,
But you take the lyre - and again the azure is bright.
Without darkening your world, the storm raged,
And only songs will remain for us from the flurry -
The crown of immortality for your brow.
Translation by I. Kozlov
I love, leaning on the rocks of Ayu-Dag,
Watch how the black waves rush in an unsteady system,
How it foams, the rebellious moisture boils,
Now shattering into rainbows, now snow dust;
And the army of whales, fighting, hugs the land;
Again tends to run from the wet shores,
And leaves a rich tribute in escape;
Silvery shells, corals, pearls.
So ardent passions, rising like a thunderstorm,
Your heart is boiling, young singer;
But you take the lute - and suddenly everything is over.
The rebellious flee, replaced by silence,
And wondrous songs drop behind them;
From them centuries weave your immortal crown.
Translation by Sergei Kiryuta:
I like to climb up, on the Ayu-Daga rocks, -
Watch how the foam shaft from there beats into the ridges,
How snow masses grow at once
And wearily crumble into a rainbow.
Broke aground second, like a considerable regiment,
The shaft floods the shores, and myriads
Those warriors go away, glad to triumph,
Leaving pearls and corals on the sand.
O young bard! isn't it passion all the time
In the soul rages with thunderstorms,
But only you touch the lyre - indifferently
Goes away so that it becomes quiet in the sky,
Only leaves us the immortality of songs,
And they make a wonderful wreath from them.
I love, leaning on the rocks of Ayu-Dag,
Watch how a wave struggles with a gray wave,
Like, foaming and crushing, rebellious moisture
It burns with diamonds and a living rainbow.
Here, like an army of whales, their violent gang
Throws - takes the stronghold of the coast
And, returning back, drops, instead of a banner,
Corals are bright and pearls are expensive.
So on your hot chest, singer,
Secret hardships and storms are coming:
But you take the harp - and the end of sorrows.
They, disturbing, instantly disappear
And marvelous songs in the escape leave:
From the songs of those centuries weave you a crown.
27.04.2014 10:57
Countless riches, collections noble families, unique museum exhibits that, by the will of fate, were taken to Russia or Europe and are now exhibits of other museums or have disappeared without a trace. There are only versions where they can be now, and in some cases it is difficult to prove that the relics found are exactly those that disappeared from Belarus. TUT.BY made the top 10 not only valuable exhibits, but also entire collections that mysteriously disappeared from the territory of Belarus. The presented exhibits are far from everything that the Belarusians owned earlier, but they are one of the most significant values.
1. Cross of Euphrosyne of Polotsk
The cross of Euphrosyne of Polotsk was kept in St. Sophia Cathedral until in 1921 Soviet authorities not confiscated all church valuables. In 1929, the cross was transferred to the Mogilev Museum in a safe room, the keys to which were kept only by the director of Mogilevsky local history museum Ivan Migulin. In the first days of the Great Patriotic War, he disappeared without a trace. At first there was a version that the Germans took the cross. However, later it was assumed that the cross still managed to be evacuated.
According to the latest unconfirmed version, the cross is located in Russia. In the 90s, a resident of Mogilev, a witness of military events, said that in the first days of the war, people in the form of the NKVD came to the building of the regional party committee and loaded all the valuables from the safe room into a car and took them to Moscow.
The cross was created by order of St. Euphrosyne of Polotsk for the Spassky Monastery in Polotsk by craftsman Lazar Bogsha in 1161. It contained a particle of the Tree of the Cross of the Lord with a drop of the Blood of the Savior, particles of the stones of the Holy Sepulcher and the tomb Mother of God, particles of the relics of the First Martyr Archdeacon Stephen, the Great Martyr and Healer Panteleimon, and a drop of blood of the Great Martyr Demetrius of Thessalonica.
According to the belief, while the cross is in Belarus, there will be well-being and prosperity on our land.
2. Manuscript Gospels of the XI-XIV centuries
From the handwritten books of church use, created in the 11th-14th centuries on the territory of Belarus, the Turov, Polotsk, Drutsk, Orsha, Mstizh and Lavrishev Gospels are known, which testify to the skill of writing Belarusian scribes. None of them, unfortunately, survived on the territory of Belarus. Surviving 10 sheets from the manuscript Turov Gospel kept in the library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilnius.
Polotsk Gospel end of XII - early XIII century, which, according to legend, was created by St. Euphrosyne, was taken from Polotsk by Ivan the Terrible after the capture of the city during the Livonian War. In 1852, 170 sheets of the Gospel were purchased by the Imperial Public Library. Today, the main part of the Polotsk Gospel is kept in the collection of the Russian National Library in St. Petersburg, and two leaves are in the funds of the Russian state library in Moscow. Surviving 142 sheets of the manuscript Orsha Gospel handed over in 1874 by the Orsha landowner Melenevsky to the museum of the Kyiv Theological Academy. Now it is stored in the Central scientific library Academy of Sciences of Ukraine in Kyiv. Mstizh Gospel kept in the library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in Vilnius.
Lavryshevsky Gospel in 1842 he moved to St. Petersburg to the Imperial public library Academician A.Kh. Vostokov. In 1882, the Lavryszew Gospel was discovered in Krakow in the Czartoryski Library, where it is currently kept.
The Drutsk Gospel was in the Cathedral of the Holy Mother of God in Drutsk, then - with the Vilna city dweller Konon, then - with the Novgorod Archbishop Theodosius Yanovsky, later - with Academician M.N. Tikhomirov. In 1965, the academician donated his collection of annals and ancient manuscripts to the library of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, where the Gospel is now located.
3. Paintings by Chaim Soutine
For a long time it was considered that post-Soviet space there were no paintings by the artist of the Paris school Belarusian origin Chaim Soutine. Today it is known that the Hermitage has his self-portrait of 1916, but it was acquired in the 1990s. Two more paintings by Soutine are in the corporate collection of Belgazprombank. But in reality, there were several more paintings by the artist on the territory of Belarus. Soutine's niece, Nina Aleksandrovna Ferapuntova, lived in Smilovichi before the war. She remembers that in the house of her grandmother (mother of Chaim Soutine) there were 4 paintings of her son on the walls: a portrait of his mother in a green dress, a portrait of his elder sister and two more works. These paintings were painted in 1912 while the artist was studying at the school of academician Ivan Trutnev in Vilna, and these are the earliest famous paintings Soutine.
There was a version that the Sutin family died in the ghetto, but in fact, in the first days of the war, 11-year-old Nina Ferapuntova was evacuated with her family. Experts believe that the family most likely did not take the artist's paintings with them, because then they were of no value. Although, it is known from letters, relatives knew about Soutine's successes in Paris. In 1941, the paintings were still in Smilovichi, and no one knows what happened to them afterwards. There are two versions. Abandoned houses could be looted locals, and the paintings can now gather dust somewhere in the attics. Another version is sadder: Smilovichi burned, and the paintings could have been lost in the fire. However, historians do not have complete confidence that the paintings are no more.
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| The painting "To School" by Chaim Soutine was painted in Paris, but it is assumed that it depicts Smolevichi places |
4. Painting by Valenty Vankovich "Mickiewicz on the rock Ayudag"
There are four versions of Valenty Vankovich's painting "Mickiewicz on the Ayudag Rock", which the artist painted in St. Petersburg. This work made the artist famous. One of the paintings until 1918 was in Smilovichi on the estate of Lev Vankovich - he inherited it. When power changed in Minsk, the Belarusian nobility, worried about the fate of their collections, sent the collections to Warsaw. Historians suggest that the rich collection of the Vankovichi estate suffered the same fate. It is assumed that the picture, which is now in National Museum in Warsaw, used to hang in the palace in Smilovichi. Now it is one of the most valuable works of Polish art.
5. Collection of Slutsk belts
The rarest collection of Slutsk belts from the State Art Gallery of the BSSR consisted of 48 items. In 1940, part of the collection was exhibited in Moscow at an exhibition dedicated to the Decade of Belarusian Art, then returned to Minsk. At the same time, the belts were photographed and described. Documents have also been preserved confirming that the Slutsk belts belong to the Belarusian museum. The belts disappeared during the Great Patriotic War. According to one version, during the period of occupation they were taken to Koenigsberg and ended up in the "Inventory of exhibits stolen and destroyed by the fascist army in 1941-1944." According to another version, the belts survived and are stored in one of the museums in Russia or Ukraine. There is also a third version, according to which the box with belts at the beginning of the war could have been hidden in an underground passage located next to the gallery. The fate of the exhibits today is actively studied by specialists from the National Art Museum.
6. Khreptovich Library
Khreptovich Library (Joachim Litavor and Adam Khreptovich, prominent state, military, political and religious figures) was one of the richest in Eastern Europe- The book collection numbered, according to various sources, from 10 to 20 thousand copies and was collected during the 18th-19th centuries.
In addition to books, ancient manuscripts, manuscripts, princely metrics, geographic Maps. The basis of Khreptovich's library was the funds of the Jesuit order. At various times Joachim Lelevel, Ignaty Danilovich, Adam Mickiewicz, Vladislav Syrokomlya worked there. The librarian was Jan Chechet.
The library of Joachim Khreptovich was located in his estate Shchorsy in the Novogrudok region. During the First World War, she was transported to Kyiv with the condition of returning to her homeland when opening a university in Belarus, but she never returned. Today there is information about 7 thousand copies of the collection. The location of more than 2 thousand books is known - the Khreptovich collection is located in Ukraine, in National Library Ukraine them. V.I. Vernadsky.
7. Treasures of the Radziwills
They say that the wealth of the Radziwills would overshadow many, even the treasures of Catherine the Great. The Nesvizh Castle had 365 rooms. Decor individual rooms- "gold", "diamond", "silver" - was made from these metals and stones. Twelve large halls of the Nesvizh Palace were once decorated with royal furniture, rare Persian carpets, paintings by famous artists, collections of crystal, weapons, coins and medals, Slutsk belts. The castle housed a library of twenty thousand volumes and an archive of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. The Radziwills in Nesvizh were especially proud of the figures of the twelve apostles brought from Constantinople. Figures in the height of a man - cast in gold and silver. The sculptures were kept in a cache, which was located in the castle dungeon. Treasures were shown only to the most distinguished guests. Few knew how to get into the dungeon.
IN early XIX century Nesvizh castle was owned by Dominik Radziwill. During the war of 1812, he ordered the housekeeper to evacuate the most valuable and left for Vilnius. The housekeeper did not have time to take out anything, but he was able to blow up the underground passage leading to the vault.
Treasures of the Radziwills were searched unsuccessfully in 1812, 1915, 1939 and are still being sought. According to one of the legends, the princely wealth was hidden in a huge tunnel, which in the 17th century connected two castles of the Radziwills - Nesvizh and Mir. According to another version, the repository of the Radziwill treasures was located under the Nesvizh Palace and the galleries adjacent to it.
Radziwill's collections from the time of Prince Rybonka and Karol Stanislav Radziwill (Pane Kokhanku) were taken out of Nevizh Castle Russian army in 1812. For a long time they were in the vaults of the Hermitage and other Russian museums. At the insistence of Maria Dorota, Radziwill some of the valuables were returned to Nesvizh in the middle 19th century. Many items went to museums, were sold, lost, ended up in private collections. In 1921, under the Riga Peace Treaty, Moscow transferred part of the collection to the Polish side. The valuables ended up in Krakow, in the Wawel Castle, where they are to this day.
Later, thanks to the efforts of Anthony Radziwill and Maria Castellano, the valuables were partially returned from the Hermitage. In 1940, more than 264 paintings were taken from the castle to Minsk, the portraits were transferred to the Art Gallery of the BSSR. During the assembly war art gallery taken to Germany. Some of them returned to Russia in 1945, and then to Belarus. In 1950, 87 portraits of Nesvizh origin were transferred to Poland by decision of the Council of Ministers of the BSSR. Currently at the National art museum Belarus identified only 36 portraits from the Radziwill Gallery in Nesvizh.
8. Collections of the Sapieha family
The collections of the Sapieha family in Ruzhany and Derechin were considered the second in size and value. Belarusian lands after the Radziwills. For the participation of Sapieha in the war of 1830-1831, their estates and property were confiscated. An accurate register of valuables transported from Derechin through Bialystok to the capital Russian Empire, have not been compiled.
There is information that 287 works of Western European art were sent to St. Petersburg: 185 of them were sent to the Hermitage, and 22 also ended up there. marble sculptures. 55 paintings entered the Imperial Academy of Arts, the rest - to the Gatchina Palace. Dozens of French tapestries, 48 mosaic paintings, collections of art glass, furniture, an archive of ancient acts were taken out of Derechin.
9. Manor of the Rumyantsevs and Paskeviches
At the end of the 18th century, Empress Catherine II presented the Gomel lands to her favorite, Field Marshal Pyotr Aleksandrovich Rumyantsev-Zadunaisky. Then the palace was inherited by his eldest son Nikolai Rumyantsev - Chancellor Russian state, philanthropist, patron of science and arts. In 1834, a major military leader, Field Marshal Ivan Fedorovich Paskevich, became the new owner of the estate, who continued the formation of the palace and park ensemble. Members of the imperial family Romanovs.
Rumyantsev-Paskevich Palace |
Nikolai Rumyantsev kept a rich collection of books in the palace, which after his death became the basis for the creation of the Russian State Library in Moscow. The rich rare collections of the palace served as the basis for the formation of the Art and History Museum. The basis of the exposition was items from the palace decoration - furniture, sculptures, clocks and candelabra, paintings, military trophies. Works by Raukh, Shubin, Orlovsky, Mashkov, a rich collection of numismatics, porcelain, works of arts and crafts came from the palace to the museum.
The palace was destroyed several times, especially during the mutiny of 1919 and during the Great Patriotic War. In 1919, a fire broke out in the Paskevich Palace, as a result of which many paintings, crystal chandeliers, embossed leather wallpaper, and antique items perished in the fire. art products from noble metals were sent to Moscow (silver goblets, snuffboxes, watches, trays, dishes with gold medallions, vases, bowls and much more) - valuables weighing "about a hundred pounds".
10. Collection of Ivan Lutskevich
The unique collection of Ivan Lutskevich was located in the building of the former Basilian monastery in the very center of Vilnius. Medieval seals, coins, Slutsk belts, ethnographic objects, handwritten books and old prints. Among the exhibits are rings with the seals of the Polotsk princes Vseslav Charodey and Boris, Mindovg's seal, lead seals with signs of the XII-XIII centuries from Drogichin-nad-Bug, copper crosses of the XI century, golosniks of the Kolozha Church in Grodno, the flag of the rebels of the Lida district of 1863, Belarusian translations of "Alexandria" and "The Tale of Bova" of the 18th century, editions of Skaryna, Tatar Al-Kitab, Lithuanian Statute of 1588.
According to the inventory list of 1941, the museum had 13,450 exhibits, documents from XVIII century until the middle of the twentieth century. After the transfer of Vilnius to Lithuania in 1939-1940, the Belarusian cultural institution became part of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. During the liquidation of the Vilensky Belarusian museum named after I. Lutskevich, a commission was created that selected, photographed and recorded the exhibits for export to the BSSR. But only part of the collection got to Minsk: the exhibits were divided between museums, archives, libraries of Belarus and Lithuania.
Today the collections of the museum are in the National and Art Museums of Lithuania, the library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Some items are kept in the National Historical Museum of Belarus, the National Art Museum of Belarus, the Presidential Library of Belarus, the Belarusian State Archive-Museum of Literature and Art. Part of the collection ended up in Moscow.
Poetic translation of a Spanish poetMy book of translations by Albrecht Haushofer came out of print in the Writers' Union and was placed for sale in his Planet of Books store. Moabite sonnets. ISBN: 978-5-00073-549-7 Address:Gritsko Chubai "In the presence of your pine...". Translated from Ukrainian by Evgeny Pugachev. Vers libre. She said "I don't like it" and ran away. Poems about Belated Repentance.Sonnet 66. From Pablo Neruda. Poems about love sickness. Perhaps the only one of the hundred sonnets of Pablo Neruda, written, unlike other sonnets, in rhymed verse.Poems about Chatyr-Dag, about mountains. Sonnet translation. Poems by Mickiewicz. At your feet, trembling, I bow deeply, O Crimean mast, O great Chatyr-Dag! Sergey Kiryuta.Poems about the night in the Crimea. Sonnet translation. Poems by Mickiewicz. The breeze frolics, the wave is tired of howling, The lamp of all worlds has fallen on Chatyr-Dag. Sergey Kiryuta.Poems about a storm, about a shipwreck. Sonnet translation. Poems by Mickiewicz. Whirlwind, triumphant, erects huge mountains of foamed waves by floors. Sergey Kiryuta.Sea mountains subsided, Alushta poems. Sonnet translation. Poems by Mickiewicz. Where the bald rock is stormed by the sea, Departs and again strives for it. Sergey Kiryuta.Calm verse. Philosophical poems about remembrance. Sonnet translation. Poems by Mickiewicz. The sails drooped like flags after a battle. Sergey Kiryuta.Poems about the sea and mountains, about the sea view from Ayu-Dag. Poems about passion. Poems by Mickiewicz. Sonnet translation. I like to climb up to the Ayu-Daga rocks. Sergey Kiryuta.
