Theater of median puppets history. Puppet Theatre

Learn how to create puppet show with your own hands. At the same time, characters can not only be sewn, molded, but also made from plastic spoons, wooden sticks.

DIY finger puppet theater

Do you want to develop fine motor skills baby, speech, thinking and just be able to cheer up the whole family, then turn the room into a temple of art. To do this, you need to know how to make a finger puppet theater with your own hands.

For this you will need:

felt;
threads;
scissors.

As you can see, the characters of the fairy tale "Turnip" are cut out very simply. Each hero consists of two identical parts. But on one side you need to embroider facial features with threads. You can make them and cut them out of dark felt, and then glue or sew.

Fold 2 blanks of the character with the wrong sides, sew along the edge on a typewriter or with a thread with a needle in your hands.

To make a beard for grandfather, wind the threads around your fingers in several rows, cut them on one side. Fold these identical threads in half, sew the beard in place.

But what can be the heroes of the fairy tale "Rocked Hen".

Cut out the beard and bangs of the grandfather, the hair of the grandmother from gray felt. He will also help create a mouse with long tail. These puppets for the puppet theater can be sewn. If the baby will wear them, cut them out so that they are the size of his fingers. If the performance will be shown to children by adults, then cloth puppets should be slightly larger.

Check out one more interesting idea. This can be a home puppet theater for staging the fairy tale "Turnip". IN kindergarten it is better to have larger characters so that the whole group can see them from afar. But you can also do this by taking:

modeling paste (preferably Jovi, which does not need to be fired, it hardens in air);
yellow and green paste Jovi Patcolor;
acrylic paints;
brushes;
markers;
stacks.

Let's sculpt the grandfather first. Take a piece of pasta measuring 2x3 cm, roll a sausage out of it, form a cylinder. You should get a kind of nesting doll with a torso and head, and at the bottom there will be a notch for a finger.
Separately fashion the handles, attach them to the body. But mark the facial features, beard, mustache with the help of a stack.
By the same principle, fashion a grandmother, granddaughter and animals. When these characters are dry, paint them with acrylic paints.
For a turnip, roll a ball of yellow paste, pull it out a little from above, insert green plastic tops here, fix it.

When sculpting with paste, you will find that it dries quickly in the air, so periodically moisten your fingers with water.

This is how you get a finger puppet theater, with your own hands the child will be able to play the fairy tale "Turnip" or come up with his own plot with some of these characters.

Table theater do it yourself

If you want to have table theater With paper dolls, then enlarge the next image. Print it on a color printer on thick paper. If this is not possible, attach a sheet of thin paper to the screen, transfer the outlines to it. Then place on cardboard, draw outlines, let the child decorate the characters with colored pencils or paints. It remains to cut out the images, glue each one on the side and glue the top of the head to the head.

And here are some more templates, according to which puppets for the theater are easily made. With your own hands or, having given the blanks to the child, cut them out along the contours, glue them in pairs.

If a small rectangular sheet of colored paper is glued on the side, you get a small tube. It should be such that it sits well on the finger. Glue the ears, nose, eyes, front paws to the blank, and you get the hero of the finger puppet theater.

These characters can be made from the most unexpected materials. See how to turn plastic spoons into stage characters.

To make such toys for the puppet theater, take:

plastic spoons;
colored paper;
scissors;
finished plastic eyes;
glue gun;
textile;
narrow tape, scissors.

Then follow these instructions:

Use a glue gun to glue the finished eyes to the convex side of the spoon.
Turn a piece of fabric tied with a ribbon into a dress. For male character just stick a bow tie around your neck.
Cut strips of colored paper with a fringe on one side, glue this hair. Pieces of colored cotton wool will also replace them.

Everything, the children's puppet theater at home is ready. Take a large cardboard box, cover it with colored paper, turn it over. Make slits in the bottom with a knife, insert spoons here and lead the dolls along these holes, as if along a path.

Other characters are controlled in the same way, for the creation of which you will need:

ice cream sticks;
children's magazines;
glue;
scissors.

Have your child cut out pictures of people or animals from a magazine or old book stick them on sticks.

If you want to make another tabletop theater, then milk bottle caps will come in handy. Plastic cups for yogurt.

Glue on the back of these items paper heroes fairy tales, and you can play old stories with them or invent new ones. The background is created from a large sheet of cardboard, which is painted in the theme.

How to make a screen for a puppet theater?

This is an essential attribute of the puppet theater. Check out the easiest options:

Close the opening under the table with a cloth, tying two of its corners to the top of one and the other leg. The child sits on the floor behind and leads the characters at the level of the table top - just above it.
Take an old curtain or sheet. Collect any of these canvases on a rope, tie the ends of the thread on one and the other side of the doorway. Make a rectangular cut in the center at the top of any of these canvases. It should be at such a height that no child or adult sitting behind the curtain can be seen, who play the role of puppeteers.
For finger theater a table screen is made. The easiest way to make it out of cardboard. The box is taken. It needs to be disassembled, pasted over with wallpaper or colored paper, bend 2 sidewalls so that a canvas of sufficient size remains in the center. A cutout is made in it, through which the puppeteer shows finger toys.

And here's how to make a screen out of plywood. For her you will need:

plywood;
jigsaw;
fabric or piece of wallpaper;
glue;
small door hinges.

Manufacturing instructions:

Based on the dimensions presented, cut out 3 blanks from plywood: the central and 2 sidewalls. Cover them with fabric.
When the canvas is dry, attach the loops to the marked areas so that you can close the puppet theater screen and fold it.

See how to make a cardboard screen to be able to show performances with mitten, glove, cane puppets. It should be such that the puppeteer fits there freely, standing in full height. If the performance is shown by children different ages, then the tall ones will kneel, placing a pillow under them.

In order to make a screen, you will need:

PVA glue;
rope or lace;
carton boxes;
wallpaper;
stationery knife;
awl;
roulette;
wide brush;
long line;
rag.

A do-it-yourself screen for a puppet theater is made as follows:

The drawing is given for teenagers or adults whose height is 1 m 65 cm. If you are making a screen for children, reduce this figure.
To make it strong, make it three-layer. For this one big leaf paste the second cardboard, then on the other side - the third. Apply PVA glue with a wide brush. Thus, you will make a frontal part - an apron.
The side elements are also made in three layers, but the folds, which you then glue to the apron, should consist of one layer.
Connect the parts by gluing them. When the glue dries, sew in these places with a cord, having previously made holes in the attachment points. Attach the top arch in the same way.

It remains to paste over the screen with wallpaper of a soft color so that they do not distract from the theatrical performance.

We make do-it-yourself doll gloves

These can be seen in a real puppet theater. Puppets wear gloves on their hands. By bending your fingers, you can make the fabric character tilt its head, move its arms.

A children's puppet theater at hand will have many characters if you use the suggested template.

But it is not necessary to create all the heroes at once. Let's start with two - bunnies and a pig. Having understood how to make such dolls gloves, you can sew others, thereby gradually replenishing your theater.

If you then make human dolls, you can make a hairstyle from fabric or thread.

The thickness of the character's neck should be such that the puppeteer would stick his middle and index fingers here to control the hero of the performance.

Before sewing puppets for the theater, place a puppeteer's glove on the recut pattern to decide if the base is suitable. If not, then increase or decrease it. You can do without a glove by putting the puppeteer's hand on the base pattern. Keep in mind that the character will not be static, so you need to add a little on all sides for a loose fit so that the fabric of the hero of the action does not stretch while controlling him.

So, here's what you need to sew a glove doll:

artificial fur and / or plain fabric;
tracing paper or transparent paper or cellophane;
pen;
scissors;
threads;
eye buttons.

Enlarge this pattern. Attach a transparent material to it (cellophane, paper or tracing paper), redraw. Cut along the outline.

Lay the pattern on the fabric folded in half, cut out with a 7 mm seam allowance. For a bunny, it is better to take a gray fabric or white fur, for a piglet - pink.

If you want to draw facial features, ponytails, palms, hooves, then do it now before sewing both halves of each character. Take special fabric dyes that do not fade when washed. If there are none, then use watercolor, gouache, but first apply a PVA solution to the fabric, after it dries, paint this place, but use a minimum of water. When the paint dries, put another layer of PVA on top to fix it.

But it is best to embroider the nose, mouth, pulling these sections on the hoop or sew on blanks of the appropriate colors and buttons-eyes.

Cut out a white fur shirt-front for the bunny glove doll, sew its triangular part to the front half, and the semicircular, in the form of a collar, to the back. To the same reverse side a tail is sewn, and white paws with or without pink claws are attached to both parts.

When sewn on small parts, you can grind both halves of the doll on the wrong side on a typewriter or on the face - on your hands. In the latter case, use a seam "over the edge" or take an inlay of a passing color, turn around the side seam with it.

In this technique, other glove dolls are also created, for example, a pig.

When the sides are stitched on all sides, hem the bottom. The ears of the characters can be stuffed with cotton wool or padding polyester. Fill the nose of the piglet with any of these materials, only after that sew this “patch” to the head. Make an applique on his cheeks, giving them a blooming look. It remains to sew some yellow threads between the ears, and another glove doll is ready.

Now you know how to sew characters for a puppet theater, if you want to see it too, then watch the following stories.

Elfiya Ulisova
Puppet theater - for children

Puppet Theatre! How much does it mean to baby heart How impatiently the children look forward to meeting him! A doll can do everything or almost everything. She works wonders, amuses, educates, develops the creativity of preschoolers, corrects their behavior. How to make the joy of communicating with puppet theater has become a permanent? Answer There is: need to create puppet theater in kindergarten. And we have it. For many years, children have been able to enjoy watching puppet shows delivered by our team of teaching staff.

Puppet show affects small viewers with a whole complex artistic means. When showing performances, it is also used art word, And visual image, and music. skillful use puppet theater is of great help in the mental, moral, aesthetic education preschoolers. He is close to them, understandable, accessible. Children see familiar and beloved dolls on the screen, which come to life, move and speak. However, one cannot consider the value puppet theater just as entertainment. In the preschool period, children form their attitude to the world around them, character, interests. It is at this age that it is very useful to show examples of friendship for children, kindness, truthfulness, diligence. convention puppet theater is close to preschoolers because they are used to it in their games. That is why children so quickly join the performance, answer questions dolls, carry out their instructions, give advice, warn of danger and assist the heroes of the play. The unusualness of the spectacle captures them and takes them to a fabulous fascinating world bringing them great joy.

Prepared: music director MBDOU №40/2 "Joy" Ulisova E. B., Novocheboksarsk.

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I'll start with short excursion into history.
Puppet theater has been around for a very long time. The ancient peoples believed that in heaven, and on earth, and under the earth, and even in water they live different gods, devils and sacred animals. To pray to these gods, people made their images: large and small dolls made of stone, clay, bone or wood. They danced around such dolls, carried them on a stretcher, drove them on chariots or on the backs of elephants, and sometimes arranged all sorts of cunning devices and forced the dolls depicting gods, devils or dragons to raise their arms or paws, open their eyes, nod their heads, bare their teeth. Gradually, such spectacles became more and more like theatrical performances.

For thousands of years in all countries of the world, with the help of dolls, legends about gods, demons, werewolves, genies were played, and in the Middle Ages in European countries dolls depicted the creation of the world, Adam and Eve, devils and angels, played folk tales and satirical scenes ridiculing human vices: stupidity, greed, cowardice.
Now puppet theaters put on folk tales and plays written by playwrights. Most puppet theaters play for children, but some also put on performances for adults who love puppet theater no less than children.
Puppet theaters are the first to introduce children to theatrical art. They not only bring the joy of understanding the art of the theater, but also bring up artistic taste, teach understanding of the world around.
And the main characters of the theater are, of course, puppets.
At first glance, all theatrical puppets seem the same, but meanwhile they are different. The main difference is in their device.

Bibabo

The simplest are glove puppets, or bibabo. WITH glove puppets many of you are familiar. This is the famous Parsley, various bunnies, bears, dogs, that is, all those dolls that are put on the hand like a glove, only not for five fingers, but for three. One finger is inserted into the head of the doll, two more - into the sleeves of the costume, that is, into the hands of the doll.

Cane puppets

Stick puppets are controlled by special wires or sticks that can be disguised in the dolls' clothes. The head of the doll is mounted on a special rod - gapit, shoulders and arms are attached to it. The cane puppet is larger than the glove puppet. In its proportions, it resembles a person. The reed puppet is the most common in the puppet theater.

Puppets

The most difficult puppet to manufacture and manage is the puppet. It is controlled by threads or thin wires. In the actor's hand is a vaga (movable cruciform holder). On it are collected threads going to various parts doll body. The actor alternately pulls the strings, and the doll comes to life.

In our country, puppet dolls are not widely used. The puppet theater of puppets operates in Tbilisi, in Leningrad - the puppet theater named after E. S. Demmeni, some theaters have one or two performances with puppet puppets in their repertoire. IN State theater puppets of the BSSR with puppet puppets staged the play "The Nightingale" based on Andersen's fairy tale.

Mechanical puppets

The puppet theater also uses mechanical puppets. They are controlled by various mechanisms: levers, rubber bands. This is how galloping horses, marching soldiers, monkeys climbing trees are made.

Mimic puppets

There are dolls made of soft materials: tricotine, rubber. The actor's fingers are in the doll's head, contracting or straightening, they give the doll's face various expressions. These are mime dolls.

Shadow puppets

Shadow puppet - a flat image of a person or animal, casting a shadow on the screen, which, in fact, is the stage of the shadow theater. Shadow theater is widespread in many Asian countries, where it is parodic in nature.

Nativity scene dolls

For crib puppets, there is a special kind of puppet technique - these are puppets attached to a pin that extends from the bottom of the puppet like a handle - they are held through the cracks in the floor of the stage. From time immemorial, only one play has been played in the crib: the Christmas Mystery.

PUPPET SHOW- a special type of theatrical performance in which puppets act instead of actors (or along with actors).

The origins of the puppet theater are in pagan rituals, games with materialized symbols of the gods, personifying the forces of nature. The first ritual dolls include images of totems - the patrons of primitive tribes.

Currently, a huge variety of its types and forms fall under the general definition of puppet theater.

There are a number of principles for the intraspecific classification of puppet theater. The two most common are:

on the principles of social functioning;

by type theatrical puppets and how to manage them.

1. Classification according to the principles of social functioning.

Within this classification, the following main areas of puppet theater can be distinguished.

A) Ritual and ceremonial - the most ancient form of puppet theater. Back in the 16th century. BC. in Egypt there were puppet mysteries about Osiris and Isis. Mentions of play dolls are found in Herodotus, Aristotle, Horace, Marcus Aurelius, Apuleius and others.

Most often, ritual and ceremonial puppet theaters are the most traditional theaters, strongly associated with national traditions. A number of puppet theaters of the East developed in this direction: the Indonesian wayang; Japanese joruri; Indian; Chinese, etc.

A number of theaters of the Christian tradition also belong to ritual and ritual ones. The doll took part in the European mysteries of the 11th-16th centuries. (The term puppet, denoting a type of play dolls, arose from the name of the figurines depicting the Virgin Mary in the mysteries). Later European ritual and ritual puppet theaters (mainly Christmas ones) have survived to the present: El Pastorets (Catalonia); Nativity scene (Ukraine and Russia); Batleyka (Belarus), Malanka (Moldova); Szopka (Poland) and others. Often performances ceremonial theaters puppets are organized by non-professional actors. main point such spectacles are not a performance, but an action, a mystery.

The unique Bread and Puppet theater by Peter Schumann (Vermont), which has no analogues in world history, works in this mystical direction.

2) People's satirical puppet theater. The origins of this species are considered to be the ancient Roman improvised sketches of atellan (from the city of Atella in ancient Campania). Topical satirical scenes were built on the participation of typified characters, one of which - Mack - became the prototype of the main comic puppet character folk theater. In the most different countries this jester character had a similar appearance: large-headed, hook-nosed, with one or two humps - in front and behind. In Indian theatre, this is Vidushaka; in Turkish (and the Armenian that came out of it) - Karagyoz; in Central Asian - Palvan Kachal (Bald Hero); in Italian - Pulcinella; in English - Punch; in German - Hanswurst; in French - open; in Belgian - Voltier; in Russian - Petrushka (Peter Ivanovich Uksusov, Vanka Ratatouy); etc. This character largely retains the most ancient features of the archaic pratheater - both in its character as a trickster's double-shifter, and in the puppeteer's devices (for example, a squeaker, a tool for changing the voice, which came from shamans' rituals).

This direction was practiced mainly by itinerant actors. Popular satirical puppet theater is characterized by conventionality, minimalism of design and other visual means; simple standard plot scheme, inside which there is an improvisation on hot topics.

C) Puppet theater for children. Mostly built on fairy-tale material. As a rule, it combines two functions - educational and entertaining. Due to its specificity, it has a high degree of didacticism - explicit or implicit.

Within the same classification, one can distinguish whole line additional areas of puppet theater. For example:

– allegorical-symbolist theater (performances are addressed to an adult audience);

- theater of mass and collective holidays (giant puppets work in direct contact with the audience, involving them in a joint action);

– medical theater (the doll is used in the treatment of certain mental illness and for the development of fine motor skills).

2. The classification of the puppet theater by types of puppets and methods of their control is rather of an auxiliary professional nature, because. often used in the same performance different types theatrical puppets.

Tatyana Shabalina

Now we perceive it as childish, but it began to be considered as such only in the twentieth century. Exact time the origin of this art form has not been established, but the first mention of the puppet theater is associated with the holidays ancient egypt. The scenes from the life of the God Osiris and Isis, played with the help of statuettes, gathered crowds of people. Puppets then served as huge figures, which were lavishly decorated with precious stones and set in motion on special holidays.
The first news about the existence of a puppet theater in Russia dates back to 1636, and in 1700 the first tour of puppeteers took place in Russia.

History of the Bolshoi Puppet Theater

The BTK building was built in 1912 for a wealthy merchant, banker Yevgeny Burtsev. He planned to open a museum here contemporary art, which was supposed to be located in a hall with a high glass ceiling. After the revolution, the building was nationalized, mobile theaters gave performances in it, and for 40 years in a row there were various Jewish communities.
BTK itself moved into this building in 1941. Up to this point, the theater wandered around the various venues of the city since founding it in 1931. five enthusiasts. Only in 1956, director BTK Korolev M.M. opened the corresponding department at the Institute Theater Arts(RGISI), which was the second in the world.
Now BTK gives not only puppet shows, but also dramatic, musical and plastic performances.

Three types of puppet theater

1) Riding puppet theater(glove, gape-cane and dolls of other designs), controlled from below. Actors-puppeteers in theaters of this type are usually hidden from the audience by a screen, but it also happens that they are not hidden and are visible to the audience in their entirety or half of their height.
2) Grassroots puppet theater(puppet puppets), controlled from above with the help of threads, rods or wires. Actors-puppeteers in theaters of this type are most often also hidden from the audience, but not with a screen, but with an upper curtain or a hedge. In some cases, puppeteers, as in riding puppet theaters, are visible to the audience in their entirety or half of their height.
3) Middle Puppet Theater(not riding and not grassroots) puppets controlled at the level of puppeteers.

Nativity theater

This performance is played strictly before Christmas. It arose because of the seminarians who went from house to house and showed skits about the life of Jesus Christ in a cave where he was hidden from King Herod.
The nativity scene was a large box, inside of which there was a stage, usually two-tiered, sometimes three-tiered. On the upper stage they showed the worship of the newborn baby Jesus, on the lower stage - episodes with Herod. The second part of the performance was usually on topical topics, where the main role assigned to Petrushka.
The dolls were set in motion with the help of small slots.

Shadow play

He came from the East from the rituals of Indonesia and China. Perhaps this is the most ancient view theater. In the 17th century shadow theater migrated to Europe.

Masque

The theater of masks came from ancient greece. IN ancient theater, which housed 10,000 spectators, no one would have seen the faces of the actors if there were no masks. Therefore, the faces of the artists were visually enlarged.

In the photo on the left is the father of the panochka.

Panochka. At night, it's probably scary to stumble upon such props.)

Types of dolls

Puppet

The first type of puppet is a puppet suspended on strings attached to a vaga. The length of these threads can be a maximum of one and a half meters. The word thread etymologically goes back to the word nerve and therefore it is the most humanized doll, because even if it is a horse, it is still the closest to physiology. One such puppet costs from 200,000 to 600,000 rubles.

Previously, the threads were dyed with special paint to hide them, or a special net was hung up so that the viewer's attention was scattered and it seemed that the doll was walking by itself.
The repertoire of puppets represented the indifference of everyday reality, appealed to eternal themes: biblical, ancient stories, alterations of chivalric novels. The classics of the repertoire are Don Juan and Faust.

Parsley

Every country has favorite traditional characters. In Russia it is Petrushka.
In France, it's open, he has huge eyes and rosy cheeks. The secret of the doll's mood depends on the turn of her head.
In Italy, Pulcinella, which translates as a cockerel, is very cocky and funny
The favorite of the German people is Casperle. He is a mischievous and rogue, plays in plays for adults and children.
Dolls Punch and Judy are heroes in Britain.
In England, there is an invincible Punch who fights courtiers, policemen, officers and executioners. He always wins, and the audience rejoices.
The fate of the Russian Petrushka is also happy. The people have always loved a merry fellow who easily copes with priests, devils and other evil.

These are traditional fairground heroes. The ordinary puppeteer had a four-sided screen. There were no more than two characters in the scenes, because a person has only two hands.
There are two ways to control the doll - Moscow and St. Petersburg.
Moscow - index finger control the doll's head, and thumb and middle fingers - her hands.
Petersburg - the doll's head is put on middle finger, and her hands - on the thumb and little finger.