Female Role. What are the theatrical roles

Role
From Greek. Employ - application
Role - in drama theater- the kind of roles corresponding to the stage data of the actor. There are roles of a hero, a villain, a lover, a reasoner, a jester, etc.

Hero/Heroine
The hero is the stage role of the leading actors. In various stage genres, varieties of this role have become widespread: the hero-lover, the hero-reasoner, the hero-fat, the hero-neurasthenic, the characteristic hero, the everyday (shirt) hero.

grand coquette
Grand coquette - acting role; the role of beautiful, graceful and provocative women.

grandam
From fr. Grande-dame - noble lady
Grandam - theatrical role; actress in the role of middle-aged noble women.

Gracioso
Spanish Gracioso
Gracioso - in the Spanish comedy of the 16th-17th centuries - an acting role; type of joker and joker.

Duenna
From Spanish Duena - Companion
Duenna - the role of characteristic old women in the plays of the classical Spanish theater 16-17 centuries. Usually a duenna serves as an intermediary between lovers or, on the contrary, prevents them from getting closer.

female premier
fr. Jeune premier - first young
Wife premier - outdated - the role of an actor playing the role of first lovers.

Ingenue
From fr. Ingenue - naive
Ingenue - in the Russian pre-revolutionary theater - an acting role; the roles of simple-hearted, naive, charming young girls, deeply feeling, slyly mischievous, playfully flirtatious, possessing a peculiar sense of humor.

coquette
fr. coquette
Coquette - acting role; roles of beautiful, graceful, perky and young women.

Comedian
Comedian - theatrical role; actor performing comedic (comic) roles.

Lover
Lover - an outdated acting role; the roles of young men, young men who have beauty, nobility, intelligence, etc., who love or are the object of love.
Depending on the genre of the work and the nature of the roles, heroes-lovers and salon lovers are distinguished.
Depending on the significance of the role, there are first and second lovers.

Confidant
Confidante; confidant; Confidante
fr. confidential; fr. Confidente
From lat. Confido - I rely, I believe
Confidant - in the tragedies of the 17th-18th centuries - a stage role; nurse, tutor, secretary, companion or other close person to the hero or heroine. The role of the confidant is of an auxiliary nature: answering the questions of the confidant, the hero talks about his thoughts, feelings, and actions.

petimeter
From fr. petit maitre - dandy
Petimeter - in the Russian theater of the 18th century - an acting role; a type of secular heliporter, a dandy, an empty, ignorant nobleman who slavishly imitated everything foreign.

Simpleton
Simpleton - acting role; roles of simple-minded, naive or narrow-minded people.

reasoner
Resoner - acting role; narrator role:
- not taking an active part in the development of the action; And
- designed to exhort or denounce other heroes, expressing moralizing judgments from the author's positions.

Soubrette
fr. soubrette; ital. Servetta
Soubretette - in French comedy - the role of a lively, witty, resourceful and crafty maid who helps her masters in their love affairs. The role of the soubrette comes from the mask of Servette in the Italian comedy dell'arte.

Travesty
From Italian. Travestire - to change clothes
Travesty - a role in a drama theater; actress performing:
- roles of boys, teenagers, girls; and
- roles requiring at certain moments the action of dressing up in men's suit.

Tragedian
Tragedy actor; tragic actress
Tragedian - stage role; an actor who plays tragic roles in the classical repertoire.

Cultural interaction with various nations, leaves a mark on the development mother tongue. There is an irreversible process of mutual enrichment of vocabulary, and in Everyday life new phrases and terms appear. What is role and given word passed to us from French can be read below.

Foreign words and terms in Russian

The successful use of foreign words in our language allows us to make it modern and dynamic. Reasons for borrowing new terms:

• Development. When designating new technologies and phenomena, it is problematic or simply impossible to find an equivalent word ( printer, skateboard, fax);
• culture. The influence of the culture of another people, which, through information channels, they try to idealize. WITH American films, popular in the early 90s of the last century, words such as shop- shop, cop- police officer, teenager- teenager;
• Brevity. Instead of a cumbersome descriptive phrase, one word is used ( sniper- a person who can shoot accurately, jam- jelly-like sweet mass of berries and fruits);
• International. Some words are used all over the world unchanged. For example : broker, manager etc.

The use of certain terms in the Russian language, either from illiteracy or from laziness, is considered unfounded. For others, and below we will consider the meaning of the word "role", it is impossible to find an exact equivalent term.

What does role mean: examples

The history of the word role begins at the beginning of the 18th century. Term employment applied to stable types of theatrical characters. In the 20th century, the expression expanded its meaning somewhat:

• Role as certain image of a person. Examples: everyone is used to Mikhail Boyarsky wearing a black wide-brimmed hat, and the author television project"The other day" Leonid Parfyonov walks with a three-day stubble on his face. Maybe in any other place they change their appearance, but in public they " maintain their role»;
• Role as habitual way of doing things. A person has been engaged in design practice all his life, and one fine day he decided to become a programmer. In this case, they say - he changed his role»;
• Role How Lifestyle. One person is silent, the other likes to quarrel. And suddenly the "silent" begins to lead active image life: he is cheerful, communicates tirelessly, etc. They say about such he showed himself in a completely different role»;
• Role as task specialization. Ice hockey is a favorite game for many. Each player on the court has its own meaning - left back, forward, etc. Their specialization is called player role».

As it turned out, the term role can be used in various aspects life: specification in the profession, the difference in the type of artist, appearance or a person's character.

What is a role in football

Football is one of the most accessible game for the general population. What you need for classes is a pair of sneakers, a field, a goal and a leather ball. Let's consider what role (role) in the actions of the team is played by individual players:

• Goalkeeper. Protects the goal from hitting the ball. Within the perimeter of the penalty area, he can play with his hands, in another part of the field his possibilities are similar to field players;
• Defender. Right, left and center -- focused on the defense of the penalty area. Right and left defenders can join attacks;
• Midfielder. The role of the midfield is to "deliver" the ball to the attackers. In addition to the left and right midfielders, depending on the coach's strategy, there may be a central midfielder (libero) on the field;
• Attack. Forward - a threat to the opponent's goal. If a team promotes defensive football, there may not be a forward on the field at all. His role shifts to midfield players.

The role of a separately selected player is determined by the coach. Even at a young age, he observes the actions of the boys, and decides in which position the future football player will act most effectively.

Role in the theater

Thanks to theater stage, and in the Middle Ages, each artist performed only one role, the world learned about a new term - role. The special specialization of the actor was associated with the type of master:

• Lover. The role is played by handsome young people;
• the villain. Usually this is a middle-aged man, short in stature, who has a low and unpleasant voice.

In the middle of the 18th century, the term role covered the genres of productions:

• Comedy;
• Tragedy;
• Pantomime, etc.

The specialization of the artist was associated with his creativity. For example, an actor playing comedic roles as a hero with tragic fate was simply not perceived by the viewer.

What does the phrase "change role" mean?

The habitual image of a person forms a stable role of the personality. Surrounding people get used to the peculiarities of an individual: character, appearance, way of life - everything meets the general expectations of society. But the time comes, and the person decides to change his life (role):

• appearance. The changes relate to appearance: a man, wearing on his head long hair, began to cut his hair short, and a woman with blond hair dyed it red;
• Job. Changes associated with professional transformation: a locksmith becomes a driver, and an accountant becomes an economist;
• Personal. A native bachelor, who promotes a brutal lifestyle, marries and has children. The second example: an ailurophobe gets a cat at home.

In this way, a person radically reorganizes his usual way of life - he changes his role. In most cases, this is due to complexes - dissatisfaction with their appearance, financial or marital status.

The use of new terms makes it possible to avoid cumbersome descriptions. You met one of them today. The definition of "role" can be explained as follows: a certain image of a person, a role and position in a certain public matter. Verbose, you say. This is true. Help comes french word emploi, and now the term Role one can aptly and clearly generalize the cumbersome categories covering many aspects of modern life.

Video: how the role of actors affects the viewer

In this video, film critic Vladimir Abdulin will tell you how acting roles can influence the viewer's opinion about the film:

Roles, of course, exist. But still, this is the prerogative of the series, rather. Cinema must overcome roles, break them. This does not always happen due to the inertia of directors and assistant actors, who find it easier to use ready-made material.

Role is a rather serious category. Today we can only talk about stamps. There are no actors with clearly defined roles, but there are many actors who work in the coordinates of their stamps. Any under-art operates not with characters and personalities, but with functions. It is very convenient to work with the functions of bandits, killers, prostitutes, new Russians. It's easier than discovering characters and describing those characters. Creative strength is not enough.

Role is a theatrical word. Transferring it to the cinema is ridiculous. How do you define the role of Monica Vitti? Heroine? No. There are no roles in a good movie. For fake cinema, indeed, classic roles are relevant. And in the present, everything is much more complicated and blurry.

Roles came from the theater, and no one canceled them. Have there always been villains? Always. Have there always been love heroes? Always. Have there always been ingenues? Always. Have there always been prostitutes? Always. What might be new? Nothing. The laws of dramaturgy, as they were, have remained so, no new ones have appeared.

It is impossible to speak seriously about the system of roles - because of the discreteness of the process. There is no permanent process, it is all surrogate, the whole industry is surrogate. Discreteness, unevenness, lack of flow - that's the whole point. But there are such artists - jackets. He cannot play, but this very role, or texture, or type - works for him. Put a suit on him, he turns into a character. It works, there are such actors. Not all types, really. Beggars turn out amazing, but rich never. Any thief in law on the screen is ridiculous, with the exception of some outstanding works, and then from the past. Probably, this is due to the mentality, with history. Is there a de Niro in Russian cinema? Is it possible? Not in this generation. In the next, or in the third - maybe. Only when a person becomes the master of his destiny and life, he acquires that facial expression, that look that is necessary in order to become a "de Niro". But the concept of role is not close to me at all. I like artists who overcome their own role, break out of it. Close-up all the same, it brings a person so close that it is better to forget about the role.

There is a role. For example, the role " common man". Garmash is an exceptional artist, and this role does not exhaust him. But it stuck. In general, the roles, of course, have shifted and become primitive. The role of the heroine was actually replaced by the role of the ingénue. For example, Elena Korikova or Ekaterina Guseva are typical ingenues. They can't play heroines, but they do. Perhaps because the directors do not know how to see the heroines and are afraid of them.

It seems to me that in everything world goes role destruction. Today, a person with a heroic appearance can only play in a comedy with Tarantino. Brad Pitt is for girls who work in department stores. But there are no non-professionals in America at all, that's the point. You will never see a completely fake actor in the cheapest American cinema. And we are at every step.

In Russia there is no genre consciousness, therefore there is no role. Genre consciousness is inherent in a heterogeneous, complex society, and current Russia simple, much simpler even "society of developed socialism." The rich dream of keeping privatized values, while the poor want to take them away. In fact, the whole society is preoccupied with this single problem, which is repressed into the subconscious and completely determines the social imaginary. Actors cultivate publicity as a form of power. Publicity is now more valuable than gold, it is easily converted into any financial value. "Here I am!" - a kind of role.

The roles were erased, turned into social functions: somehow - the motherland, the wife of the new Russian, brother, kind commando, reliable military man. And few others. Social functions have grown into the faces of these actors and replaced them. Actors have lost face and acquired a profession (Chukhrai accurately caught this in The Driver for Vera: there, before our eyes, the reverse process is taking place - social function turns into a human face).

And no, and yes. After all, the position is determined by two factors: objective and subjective. Objective, as they say, is written on the face of the actor. That's just the generals to play. What can you do, General and all! The subjective factor is connected with the actual ideology. IN Soviet time, for example, it was impossible for Tikhonov after Stirlitz to suddenly play a gangster. It was impossible. Something similar existed in Hollywood. From commercial considerations, intertwined, however, with ideology. There was no need for decisions of the Central Committee and the Politburo on this matter - the rules of the game were even tougher than ours. To some extent, they have. Today the “subjective factor” does not work for us today. Maybe thank God. The social order has not been formed yet. It is taking shape, I am ready to agree with this, but it has not taken shape. The commercial moment, until the market has developed, also does not work properly yet. Among other things, it is even impossible, for example, to conclude an agreement with an actor for five films in advance - according to the law, this is simply impossible.

“Vaska started behaving strangely,” Nikolaevna grumbled, looking at a neighbor passing by who had bought a new long coat for spring and stocked up on a white scarf.

Well, you can say it too. He now has an STE ... a new role, - her friend nodded, sending another seed into her mouth.

- Role? What about? Nikolayevna's eyes widened.

We, of course, are not Nikolaevna, and the meaning beautiful word“Role” knows every second, and every first one at least guesses what it is.

The role came from French, if translated literally, you can find more than one meaning of this word. Not only the role and position, but even the place and occupation.

Initially, the role had nothing to do with life ordinary people and this concept was used only in the theater. In the middle of the 15th century, the European theater began to distribute the roles of the actors. In those days, only two concepts were used, tragedian and comedian - many probably remember these famous twin masks, where one smiles and the other cries.

These two images were borrowed from ancient Greece, where the division of actors into two groups first appeared. A tall, well-built man with a deep, low voice. The group of comedians included only the opposites of tragedians - low, with high voice and full figure. From the theater they moved to the cinema, at least remember the duet of Arnold Schwarzenegger and Danny DeVito.

Later, the theater of classicism expanded the concept of role to many paragraphs. Like, for example:

Ingenue is the image of a simple-minded, sincere and naive girl, less often a guy.

Young people of the “ingenue” image are more often called “simpletons”. This is the same narrow-minded, naive image, but more controversial than the ingénue. It often turns out that the "simpleton" only looks like this, but in fact is far from being stupid.

Not far from this image is the image of the soubrette (in the male incarnation "servant") - usually, this is a comic character. A lively, cheerful servant girl who often helps her masters in love affairs.

Or, in contrast to them, the reasoner is the role of a reasonable, thoughtful person who does not participate in a play or performance, but observes and gives moral assessments of what is happening.

There is also an image that is called “fat”, it describes a stupid, narcissistic person, but now this image is already outdated and is almost not used, but new concepts have appeared.

For example, the concept of "travesty" - when a male role is played by a woman, and vice versa. However, if you look at it this way, then all the actors of antiquity were travesty, because when the theater first appeared, women were forbidden to play in it and only men played all the roles.

However, let's admit to ourselves, we rarely use the word "role" to talk about the theater. Now, it is rather applicable to people and their image and lifestyle. If a person has created some kind of image for himself and adheres to it not only in clothes, but also in his lifestyle, up to tastes and preferences, then this can be safely called his role. Not stage, of course, but also, sometimes, worthy of an award and applause.

Many, thinking about acting talent, thought about such a definition as the role of an artist. Today we will talk about this and try to understand: a role is a sentence, a cliche, which, according to K. S. Stanislavsky, does not allow the actor to develop his individuality, or still the opportunity to figure out in which roles the talent will manifest itself especially brightly.

So, role -What is this?

The word "role" came to us from the French language, where it means "place, position, method of application." This word defines the roles in which it is predominantly occupied depending on its psychological and physical features, while not forgetting his level of skill and playing technique.

How did the concept of "role" appear in theatrical art? What did this word mean in the 15th century?

IN European theater in the second half of the 15th century, there is a division of actors by type. The first and most ancient, as you understand, were the roles of the tragedian and comedian, which appeared back in Ancient Greece, and then they were joined by such allegorical images as Good, Envy, Reason, as well as a fool (jester), demon, etc.

Later, already in the 17th century, kings, tyrants, beauties, heroes, villains appeared among theatrical images. Interest in the individual is growing, and with it the roles of the actors playing them are expanding.

At the Catherine's Theater in Russia, by decree of the Empress, the troupe was recruited strictly according to their characters: hero, simpleton (comic role), noble father, fat, heroine, comic old woman, drag queen, ingenue, soubrette. Such a selection of actors allowed the theater to perform both tragedies and comic performances.

How the acting role expanded

Actors with a clear role helped to deeply get used to the image, choosing techniques that accurately and vividly portray the hero. But as it develops theatrical art and dramaturgy, they could no longer be within the same mask-image, and therefore there was a tendency among actors to break it, playing both comic and tragic roles. This led to a more subtle and ambiguous performance, as well as a deep and comprehensive perception by the viewer of the situation shown on the stage.

Has acting disappeared? What does this concept mean now?

Development in the 20th century avant-garde forms again returned to us "masks" - the role of the actor. An example is the Raikin Theatre, which actively uses this technique.

But the rest of the actors of the theater and cinema, too, sometimes cannot get rid of their role completely. After all, we all understand that often the type, features of appearance or the manner of playing predetermine for the artist those roles to which he will be invited most often. And it's almost impossible to break.

And once again about the role

So, acting role - what is it? Is it good or bad to get bogged down in a type, in a limited idea of ​​\u200b\u200bits capabilities? Unfortunately, there is no single answer to this question. Diversity is unique ability actor in any image to shine equally brightly. But, choosing a performer for the role, the director will still rely on his external data, because it is difficult to imagine a freckled girl playing the role of Katerina in The Thunderstorm. So as long as it exists, the role of the actor will also exist.