Live and remember the experience of error. Characteristics of the main characters

What is treason? This is a betrayal of the interests of your country in the name of personal selfish goals. As a rule, this phenomenon takes on special significance in times of war, when desertion undermines the foundations on which the state is based. Most people, of course, risk their lives if their homeland is in danger. Our history is rich in such examples and our literature is proud of. However, there are always those few members of society who succumb to fear and serve only themselves, ignoring the troubles of the fatherland. Today, this problem, as before, is topical, because it manifests itself not only in war time. Therefore, the arguments on the theme of "Treason" are so diverse and cover not only periods of armed clashes.

1. Andrey Sokolov, the hero of Sholokhov's work "The Fate of a Man", faces betrayal of his homeland. The soldier is captured and witnesses how the Germans are trying to find out which of the detainees is the Red Commissar. Members of the Bolshevik Party were immediately shot, they were not taken prisoner. Their disfigured bodies served as proof that the German authorities would establish their own rules and get to every communist. A traitor appears in the ranks of the captives, who offers others to hand over the commander in exchange for safety. Then Andrei kills him so that he does not sow confusion in the ranks of the soldiers. He understood that any concession to the enemy is treason, which is not only punishable by execution, but also does not find even the slightest moral justification. Because of the deserters and Vlasovites, the country is losing its chances of winning.
2. Willingness to betray shows elite in Tolstoy's War and Peace. The nobility does not risk their lives on the battlefield, sits in the salons and argues that nothing will change with the advent of Napoleon. French they know better than their own, manners and antics are the same everywhere. They do not care who is in power, what will happen to the country, how the battle will end, where their compatriots die every day. They will gladly accept any outcome, because true patriotism they don't have. They are strangers in Russia, her suffering is alien to them. The example of Prince Rostopchin, the governor-general of Moscow, is widely known, who was only capable of pathetic patriotic speeches, but did not really help the people in any way. The outfit of high-society ladies who dressed up in sundresses and kokoshniks instead of foreign dresses looks also stupid and fake, supposedly supporting folk spirit. While the common people shed blood, the rich played dress-up.
3. In Rasputin's story "Live and Remember", Andrey Guskov becomes a traitor, deserting from the army. Front life he is too tough: lack of food and ammunition, constant risk, tough leadership broke his will. He leaned into native village, knowing that he brings a mortal threat to his wife. As you can see, treason is dangerous because a person completely loses moral core and betrays all the people dear to him. He substitutes a devoted Nastena, who helps him, risking his reputation and freedom. The woman fails to hide this help, and her fellow villagers pursue her to find the deserter. Then the heroine drowned herself, and her selfish husband sat in a secluded place, pitying only himself.
4. In Vasil Bykov's story "The Sotnikov", the handsome and strong man Rybak loses all his dignity when he meets a real threat. He and his friend go on reconnaissance, but due to Sotnikov's illness, they are forced to take refuge in the village. As a result, they were captured by the Germans. Unlike the sick partisan, the healthy Rybak is a coward and agrees to cooperate with the invaders. Sotnikov does not try to justify himself or take revenge. All his efforts are aimed at helping those people who sheltered them to protect them with his silence. Meanwhile, the traitor wants, by all means, to save his own life. Although he believes to the last that he can deceive the enemy and run away, joining his ranks for a while, Strelnikov prophetically notices that nothing will save his comrade from moral decay. In the finale, Rybak knocks out a support from under the feet of a former colleague. So he stepped on the path of betrayal and crossed out everything that connects him with his homeland.
5. In Griboyedov's comedy Woe from Wit, the characters do not fight, but they still manage to harm their country. Famus Society lives in conservative and hypocritical ways, ignoring progress and the rest of the world beyond their ivory tower. These people usurp the people, plunge them into ignorance and drunkenness with their extravagant and cruel antics. The nobles, the backbone of autocratic power, are themselves mired in hypocrisy and careerism, as long as the peasantry provides for their whims. We see, for example, the stupid and mediocre military Skalozub, who only shines with epaulettes at balls. He and his daughter cannot be trusted, not like a regiment or a company. He is a narrow-minded and pathetic person who is accustomed only to receive from his homeland, but not to pay her with a valiant and honest service. Is this not treason to the fatherland?
6. Loyalty and treason in war are always obvious. For example, in Pushkin's story " Captain's daughter» Shvabrin calmly serves and receives ranks without being a brave man. When the battle broke out, he showed his true face. The traitor immediately went over to the side of the enemy and swore allegiance to Pugachev, saving his life, while his friend Peter risked himself, just to honestly fulfill his duty. The oath to the rebel is not the only betrayal of Alexei. During the duel, he took advantage of a dishonest technique, thereby betraying his honor. He also dishonestly deceives Grinev and slanders the name of Masha without any reason. Then he finally breaks into the abyss of moral decline and by force forces Mary to marry him. That is, the baseness of a person is not limited to betrayal of the homeland, and this kind of betrayal cannot be forgiven, if only on the grounds that it is clearly not the last. If he could betray home country, then there is nothing to expect from him in relation to people.
7. In Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" Andriy betrays his country because of passionate love to the Polish However, this is not entirely true: it was originally a stranger in relation to the traditions and mentality of the Cossacks. This contrast of personality and environment is visible when the hero returns home from the bursa: while Ostap happily fights with his father, younger son caresses the mother and peacefully keeps aloof. He is not a coward and not a weakling, just a different person by nature, he does not have this militant spirit of the Zaporizhian Sich. Andriy was born for family and peaceful creation, while Taras and all his friends, on the contrary, see the meaning of a man's life in eternal battle. Therefore, the decision of the younger Bulba looks natural: not finding understanding in his native land, he is looking for it in the face of a Polish girl and her entourage. Probably right in this example betrayal can be justified by the fact that a person could not do otherwise, that is, change himself. He, at least, did not cheat and deceive his comrades in battle, acting on the sly. At least his honest position was known to everyone and emotionally motivated, because if you do not feel a sincere desire to help your homeland, sooner or later your lies will come out and hurt even more.
8. In Gogol's play The Inspector General there is no war, but there is an imperceptible and more vile betrayal of the motherland than desertion on the battlefield. Officials of the city "N" plunder the treasury and oppress their native people. Because of them, the county is in poverty, and its population is crammed with constant requisitions and outright robbery. Position ordinary people V Peaceful time no better than in a military turmoil. Against them, the stupid and vicious power relentlessly marches against them, from which even a pitchfork cannot be defended. To know with complete impunity ruins motherland, like the Mongol-Tatar horde, and no one is able to prevent this, except, perhaps, the auditor. In the finale, the author nevertheless hints that the real inspector has arrived, and now thieves cannot escape the law. But how many of these counties find themselves in an invisible state of siege for years because of the promiscuity of the ruling elite? The writer also answers this question, making his city with a universal name in order to emphasize that this is the situation throughout Russia. Is this not a betrayal of the interests of the fatherland? Yes, embezzlement out of tact is not called that, but in fact this is real treason.
9. In Sholokhov's novel Quiet Don» The hero changes sides of the barricades several times in search of his truth and true justice. However, Gregory finds nothing of the kind on either side. It would seem that a person has the right to choose and make mistakes, especially in such an ambiguous situation, but some of his fellow villagers perceive these throwing as a betrayal of their homeland, although in fact Melekhov always follows the truth and is faithful to the interests of the people. It is not his fault that these interests so often change and disappear under one banner or another. It turned out that all the parties only manipulated the patriotism of the Cossacks, but no one was going to act morally and fairly towards them. They were only used in the division of Russia, speaking about the motherland and its defense. Grigory was disappointed in this, and people are already in a hurry to stick a traitorous label on him. Thus, there is no need to rush to blame a person for treason, maybe he is not to blame at all, and people from above use the people's anger against him as a weapon.
10. In Shalamov's story " Last Stand Major Pugachev "the hero honestly and selflessly went through the war. He defended the country at the cost of his life and never retreated. However, he, like many comrades from the front, was put in a labor camp for fictitious treason. Anyone who was captured or under siege was sentenced to 25 years in prison. In conditions of hard labor, this is a guaranteed death. Then Pugachev and a few other soldiers decide to escape, because they have nothing to lose. From the point of view of the Soviet leadership, this is treason. But from the point of view of normal human logic, this is a feat, because innocent people, and even war heroes, should not be compared with criminals. They had the strength to defend their right to freedom, not to become slaves of the system, powerless and miserable. Then, in 1944, in a German camp, provocateurs told the hero that they would put him in his homeland anyway. He did not believe and did not serve the enemy. Didn't break. So what does he have to lose now that the most gloomy predictions have come true? Although he goes against the state, I do not consider him a traitor. Traitors are the power that goes against its people.
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It so happened that in the last war year, secretly returning from the war to a distant village on the Angara local Andrey Guskov. The deserter does not think that in father's house he will be met with open arms, but he believes in the understanding of his wife and is not deceived. Although his wife Nastena is afraid to admit it to herself, she instinctively understands that her husband has returned, there are several signs of this. Does she love him? Nastya did not marry for love, four years of her marriage were not so happy, but she is very devoted to her man, because, having left her parents early, for the first time in her life she found protection and reliability in his house. “They agreed quickly: Nastya was also spurred on by the fact that she was tired of living with her aunt as workers, bending her back on someone else’s family ...”

Nastena rushed into marriage like water - without much thought: you still have to go out, few people do without it - why pull? And what awaits her new family and a strange village, represented poorly. But it turned out that from the workers she got into the workers, only the yard is different, the economy is larger and the demand is stricter. “Maybe the attitude towards her in the new family would be better if she gave birth to a child, but there are no children.”

Childlessness forced Nastena to endure everything. Since childhood, she heard that a hollow woman without children is no longer a woman, but only half a woman. So by the beginning of the war, nothing came of the efforts of Nastena and Andrey. Guilty Nastena considers herself. “Only once, when Andrei, reproaching her, said something completely unbearable, she replied with resentment that it was not known yet which of them was the reason - she or he, she had not tried other men. He beat her half to death." And when Andrei is taken to the war, Nastena is even a little glad that she is left alone without children, not like in other families. Letters from the front from Andrey come regularly, then from the hospital, where he also ends up wounded, maybe he will soon arrive on vacation; and suddenly there is no news for a long time, only once the chairman of the village council and a policeman enter the hut and ask to see the correspondence. "Did he say anything else about himself?" - “No... What's the matter with him? Where is he?" “So we want to find out where he is.”

When an ax disappears in the Guskovs' family bath, only Nastya thinks if her husband has returned: “Who would think of looking under the floorboard?” And just in case, she leaves bread in the bath, and once even heats the bath and meets in it the one she expects to see. The return of her husband becomes her secret and is perceived by her as a cross. “Nastena believed that in the fate of Andrei since he left home, in some way there is her participation, she believed and was afraid that she probably lived for herself alone, so she waited: on, Nastena, take don't show it to anyone."

She readily comes to her husband's aid, is ready to lie and steal for him, is ready to take the blame for a crime in which she is not guilty. In marriage, you have to accept both bad and good: “You and I agreed on life together. When everything is good, it's easy to be together, when it's bad - that's what people come together for.

Enthusiasm and courage settle in Nastena's soul - to fulfill her feminine duty to the end, she selflessly helps her husband, especially when she realizes that she is carrying his child under her heart. Meeting with her husband in a winter hut across the river, long mournful conversations about the hopelessness of their situation, hard work at home, settled insincerity in relations with the villagers - Nastena is ready for anything, realizing the inevitability of her fate. And although love for her husband is more of a duty for her, she pulls her life strap with remarkable masculine strength.

Andrei is not a murderer, not a traitor, but just a deserter who escaped from the hospital, from where they were going to send him to the front, without really treating him. Having tuned in to a vacation after a four-year absence from home, he cannot give up the thought of returning. As a country man, not a city man and not a military man, he is already in the hospital in a situation from which the only salvation is escape. So everything turned out for him, it could have turned out differently if he had been firmer on his feet, but the reality is that in the world, in his village, in his country, there will be no forgiveness for him. Realizing this, he wants to pull to the last, not thinking about his parents, his wife, and even more so about the unborn child. The deeply personal thing that connects Nastena with Andrey conflicts with their way of life. Nastena cannot raise her eyes to those women who receive funerals, cannot rejoice, as she would have rejoiced before when the neighboring peasants returned from the war. At a village celebration on the occasion of the victory, she recalls Andrei with unexpected anger: “Because of him, because of him, she has no right, like everyone else, to rejoice in victory.” The fugitive husband posed a difficult and insoluble question to Nastya: with whom should she be? She condemns Andrei, especially now, when the war is ending and when it seems that he would have remained alive and unharmed, like everyone who survived, but, condemning him at times to anger, to hatred and despair, she retreats in despair: yes because she is his wife. And if so, it is necessary either to completely abandon it, jumping on the fence like a rooster: I am not me and it is not my fault, or go along with it to the end. At least to hell. No wonder it is said: whoever marries whom, he will be born into that.

Noticing Nastena's pregnancy, her former friends begin to laugh at her, and her mother-in-law completely kicks her out of the house. “It was not easy to endlessly withstand the grasping and judgmental looks of people - curious, suspicious, angry.” Forced to hide her feelings, to restrain them, Nastena is more and more exhausted, her fearlessness turns into a risk, into feelings wasted in vain. It is they who are pushing her to suicide, dragging her into the waters of the Angara, flickering, as if from a terrible and beautiful fairy tale rivers: “She is tired. Who would know how tired she is and how much she wants to rest.

V.G. Rasputin "Live and Remember"

The events described in the story take place in the winter of forty-five, in the last war year, on the banks of the Angara in the village of Atamanovka. The name, it would seem, is loud, and in the recent past even more frightening - Razboinikovo. “... Once upon a time, in the old days, the local peasants did not disdain one quiet and profitable trade: they checked the goldsmiths coming from Lena.” But the inhabitants of the village had long been quiet and harmless and did not hunt for robbery. Against the backdrop of this virgin and wildlife the main event of the story takes place - the betrayal of Andrei Guskov.

questions raised in the story.

Who is to blame for the moral fall of man? What is a person's path to betrayal? What is the measure of a person's responsibility for his own destiny and the destiny of the Motherland?

The war, as an exceptional circumstance, placed all people, including Guskov, before a "choice" that everyone had to make.

The path to betrayal

War is a severe test for the people. But if in strong people she brought up steadfastness, inflexibility, heroism, then in the hearts of the weak cowardice, cruelty, selfishness, disbelief, despair germinated and began to bear their bitter fruits.

In the image of Andrei Guskov, the hero of the story "Live and Remember", the soul opens to us weak man, crippled by the harsh events of the war, as a result of which he became a deserter. How did this man, who honestly defended his homeland from enemies for several years and even earned the respect of his comrades in arms, decide on an act despised by everyone, always and everywhere, regardless of age and nationality?

V. Rasputin shows the way to the betrayal of the hero. Of all those leaving for the front, Guskov experienced this the hardest: “Andrey looked at the village in silence and resentment, for some reason he was ready not to war, but to blame the village for being forced to leave it”. But despite the fact that it is hard for him to leave home, he says goodbye to his family quickly, dryly: “What has to be cut off, must be cut off immediately ...”

Andrei Guskov at first did not intend to desert, he honestly went to the front and was a good fighter and comrade, earning the respect of friends. But the horrors of the war, the injury sharpened the egoism of this man, who placed himself above his comrades, deciding that it was he who needed to survive, be saved, come back alive at all costs.

Knowing that the war was already coming to an end, he tried to survive at any cost. His wish came true, but not quite: he was injured and was sent to the hospital. He thought that a severe wound would free him from further service. Lying in the ward, he already imagined how he would return home, and he was so sure of this that he did not even call his relatives to the hospital to see him. The news that he was again sent to the front struck like a lightning bolt. All his dreams and plans were destroyed in an instant.

The author Valentin Rasputin does not try to justify the desertion of Andrei, but seeks to explain from the position of a hero: he fought for a long time, deserved a vacation, wanted to see his wife, but the vacation due to him after being wounded was canceled. The betrayal committed by Andrei Guskov creeps into his soul gradually. At first, he was haunted by the fear of death, which seemed inevitable to him: "Not today - so tomorrow, not tomorrow - so the day after tomorrow, when the turn turns up." Guskov survived both wounds and shell shock, experienced tank attacks and ski raids. V.G. Rasputin emphasizes that among the scouts Andrei was considered a reliable comrade. Why did he embark on the path of betrayal? At first, Andrei just wants to see his family, with Nastena, stay at home for a while and return. However, having traveled by train to Irkutsk, Guskov realized that in the winter you would not turn around even in three days. Andrei recalled the demonstration execution, when a boy who wanted to run fifty miles away to his village was shot in his presence. Guskov understands that they will not pat him on the head for an AWOL. Thus, unaccounted for circumstances made Guskov's path much longer than he expected, and he decided that this was fate, there was no turning back. In moments of spiritual turmoil, despair and fear of death, Andrei makes a fatal decision for himself - to desert, which turned his life and soul upside down, made him a different person.

Gradually Andrei began to hate himself. In Irkutsk, for some time, he settled with the mute woman Tanya, although he had absolutely no intention of doing this. A month later, Guskov finally ended up in his native places. However, the hero did not feel joy at the sight of the village. V.G. Rasputin constantly emphasizes that, having committed a betrayal, Guskov embarked on the bestial path. After some time, the life that he so cherished at the front became not sweet to him. Having committed treason to his homeland, Andrei cannot respect himself. Mental anguish, nervous tension, the inability to relax even for a minute turn him into a hunted beast.

Forced to hide in the forest from people, Guskov gradually loses everything human, good start what was in it. Only anger and indefatigable egoism remain in his heart by the end of the story, he is only worried about his own fate.

Andrei Guskov deserts consciously, for the sake of his life, and Nastya, his wife, forces him to hide, thereby dooming her to live in a lie: “That's what I'll tell you right away, Nastya. No dog must know that I am here. Tell someone I'll kill you. Kill - I have nothing to lose. I have a firm hand on this, it won’t break, ”- with these words he meets his wife after a long separation. And Nastya had no choice but to simply obey him. She was at one with him until her death, although sometimes she was visited by thoughts that it was he who was to blame for her suffering, but not only for her, but also for the suffering of her unborn child, conceived not at all in love, but in a rude impulse, animal passion. This unborn child suffered along with his mother. Andrei did not realize that this child was doomed to live his whole life in disgrace. For Guskov, it was important to fulfill his masculine duty, to leave an heir, and how this child would live on, he was of little concern. The author shows how, having betrayed himself and his people, Guskov inevitably betrays the closest and understanding person to him - his wife Nastya, who is ready to share the guilt and shame of her husband, and his unborn child, whom he cruelly dooms to a tragic death.

Nastya understood that both the life of her child and herself were doomed to further shame and suffering. Shielding and protecting her husband, she commits suicide. She decides to rush into the Angara, thereby killing herself and her unborn baby. In all this, of course, Andrey Guskov is to blame. This moment is the punishment that higher power can punish a person who has transgressed all moral laws. Andrei is doomed to a painful life. Nastena's words: "Live and remember," will knock on his inflamed brain until the end of his days.

Why did Guskov become a traitor? The hero himself would like to shift the blame to "rock", before which the "will" is powerless.

It is no coincidence that the word “fate” runs like a red thread through the whole story, to which Guskov clings so. He's not ready. He does not want to be responsible for his actions, for his crime he tries with all his might to hide behind “fate”, “fate”. “This is all war, all of it,” he again began to justify himself and conjure. “Andrey Guskov understood: fate had turned him into a dead end, from which there was no way out. And what way back did not exist for him, freed Andrei from unnecessary thoughts. The unwillingness to recognize the need for personal responsibility for one's actions is the reason for the appearance of a wormhole in Guskov's soul, which determines his crime (desertion).

War on the pages of the story

The story does not describe battles, deaths on the battlefield, the exploits of Russian soldiers, front-line life. Only life in the rear. And yet - this is precisely the story of the war.

Rasputin explores the deforming influence on a person of a force whose name is war. Without the war, apparently, Guskov would not have succumbed only to the instilled fear of death and would not have reached such a fall. Perhaps, since childhood, the egoism and resentment that have settled in him would have found a way out in some other forms, but not in such an ugly one. If there hadn't been a war, the fate of Nastya's friend, Nadya, who remained at twenty-seven with three children in her arms, would have been different: a funeral came to her husband. Don't be a war... But it was, it was on, people died on it. And he, Guskov, decided that it was possible to live according to other laws than the whole people. And this incommensurable opposition doomed him not only to loneliness among people, but also to an indispensable reciprocal rejection.

The result of the war for the family of Andrei Guskov was three broken lives. But, unfortunately, there were many such families, many of them collapsed.

Telling us about the tragedy of Nastya and Andrei Guskov, Rasputin shows us war as a force that deforms a person’s personality, capable of destroying hopes, extinguishing self-confidence, undermining unstable characters and even breaking the strong. After all, Nastena, unlike Andrey, is an innocent victim, who suffered as a result of the inability to choose between her people and the person with whom she once connected her life. Nastena never cheated on anyone, always remaining true to those moral principles that have been laid in her since childhood, and therefore her death seems even more terrible and tragic.

Rasputin highlights the inhumane nature of war, which brings suffering and misfortune to people, without understanding who is right, who is to blame, who is weak, who is strong.

War and love

Their love and war are two driving forces, which determined the bitter fate of Nastena and the shameful fate of Andrei. Although the characters were initially different - the humane Nastena and the cruel Andrey. She is kindness and spiritual nobility itself, he is blatant callousness and selfishness. At first, the war even brought them closer, but no trials endured together can overcome moral incompatibility. After all, love, like any other relationship, is broken by betrayal.

Andrey's feeling for Nastya is rather consumer. He always wants to receive something from her - whether it be objects of the material world (an ax, bread, a gun) or feelings. It is much more interesting to understand if Nasten loved Andrey? She rushed into marriage, "like into water", in other words, she did not hesitate for a long time. Nastena's love for her husband was built partly on a feeling of gratitude, because he took her, a lonely orphan, to his house, did not let anyone offend. True, her husband's kindness was only enough for a year, and then he even beat her half to death, but Nastena, following the old rule: they agreed - you have to live, patiently carried her cross, getting used to her husband, to family, to a new place.

In part, her attachment to Andrey can be explained by a sense of guilt because they did not have children. Nastena did not think that Andrei could be at fault here. So later, for some reason, she blamed herself for her husband's crime. But in essence, Nastena cannot love anyone other than her husband, because one of the sacred family commandments for her is marital fidelity. Like all women, Nastena was waiting for her husband, eager for him, worried and afraid for him. He also thought about her. If Andrei had been a different person, he would most likely have returned from the army, and they would have lived a normal family life again. Everything went wrong: Andrew returned ahead of time. He returned as a deserter. Traitor. A traitor to the Motherland. In those days, this stigma was indelible. Nastena does not turn away from her husband. She finds the strength in herself to understand him. Such behavior is the only possible form of existence for her. She helps Andrei, because it is natural for her to feel sorry, give and sympathize. She no longer remembers the bad things that darkened their pre-war family life. She knows only one thing - her husband is in big trouble, he must be pitied and saved. And she saves as best she can. Fate again brought them together and as a huge ordeal sent them a child.

The child should be sent as a reward, as the greatest happiness. How once Nastena dreamed of him! Now the child - the fruit of the love of his parents - is a burden, a sin, although he was conceived in a legal marriage. And again, Andrei thinks only of himself: "We don't care about him." He says "we", but really "spit" only to him. Nastena cannot be as indifferent to this event. For Andrei, the main thing is that a child is born, the race continues. He does not think at this moment about Nastya, who will have to endure shame and humiliation. Such is the extent of his love for his wife. Of course, it cannot be denied that Guskov is attached to Nastya. Sometimes even he has moments of tenderness and enlightenment, when he thinks with horror about what he is doing, into what abyss he is pushing his wife.

Their love was not the kind that is written about in novels. This is the usual relationship between a man and a woman, husband and wife. The war revealed both Nastya's devotion to her husband and Guskov's consumerist attitude towards his wife. The war also destroyed this family, like the family of Nadya Berezkina and thousands of other families. Although someone still managed to maintain their relationship, like Lisa and Maxim Voloshin, And Lisa could walk with her head held high. And the Guskovs, even if they had saved their family, would never have been able to raise their eyes in shame, because in love and in war one must be honest. Andrew couldn't be honest. This determined the difficult fate of Nastena. So peculiarly Rasputin solves the theme of love and war.

The meaning of the name. The title of the story is connected with the statement of V. Astafiev: “Live and remember, man, in trouble, in the turmoil, in the most difficult days and trials: your place is with your people; any apostasy, caused by your weakness, or foolishness, turns into even greater grief for your Motherland and people, and therefore for you.

Andrey Guskov is least of all worried that he betrayed his land, his Motherland, abandoned his comrades in arms in a difficult moment, depriving, according to Rasputin, his life higher meaning. Hence and moral degradation Guskov, his savagery. Having left no offspring and betraying everything dear that he had, he is doomed to oblivion and loneliness, no one will remember him kind word because cowardice combined with cruelty has always been condemned. A completely different Nastena appears before us, who did not want to leave her husband in trouble, voluntarily shared the blame with him, and assumed responsibility for someone else's betrayal. Helping Andrei, she does not justify either him or herself before the human court, because she believes that betrayal has no forgiveness. Nastena's heart is torn to pieces: on the one hand, she considers herself not entitled to throw in Hard time the person with whom she once connected her life. On the other hand, she suffers endlessly, deceiving people, keeping her terrible secret and therefore suddenly feeling lonely, cut off from the people.

In a heavy conversation on this topic, an important symbolically image of the Angara arises. “You only had one side: people. There, by right hand Hangars. And now two: people and me. It is impossible to reduce them: it is necessary that the Angara dry up", - says Andrey Nastene.

During the conversation, it turns out that once the heroes had the same dream: Nastena, in a girl's form, comes to Andrei, who lies near the birches and calls him, telling that she was tormented with the children.

The description of this dream once again emphasizes the painful insolubility of the situation that Nastena found herself in.

The heroine finds the strength to sacrifice her happiness, peace, her life for the sake of her husband. But realizing that by doing so she breaks all ties between herself and the people, Nastena cannot survive this and tragically dies.

And yet, the highest justice triumphs at the end of the story, because people understood and did not condemn Nastena's actions. Guskov, on the other hand, does not cause anything but contempt and disgust, since "a person who has stepped onto the path of betrayal at least once, goes along it to the end."

Andrey Guskov pays the highest price: there will be no continuation of it; no one will ever understand him the way Nastena does. From this moment on, it doesn’t matter how he, having heard the noise on the river and prepared to hide, will live on: his days are numbered, and he will spend them like before, like an animal. Maybe, being already caught, he will even howl like a wolf in despair. Guskov must die, and Nastena dies. This means that the deserter dies twice, and now forever.

... In all of Atamanovka there was not a single person who would simply feel sorry for Nastena. Only before his death, Nastena hears the cry of Maxim Vologzhin: "Nastena, don't you dare!" Maxim - one of the first front-line soldiers who knew what death is, understands that life is the most great value. After Nastya's body was found, she was not buried in the cemetery of the drowned, because "the women did not give it", but they buried her among her own, but from the edge.

The story ends with the author’s message, from which it is clear that they don’t talk about Guskov, they don’t “remember” - for him “the connection of times has broken up”, he has no future. The author speaks of the drowned Nastya as if she were alive (nowhere replacing her name with the word "deceased"): “After the funeral, the women gathered at Nadya’s for a simple wake and wept: it was a pity for Nasten”. With these words, which signify the “connection of times” restored for Nastena (the traditional ending for folklore is about the hero’s memory through the ages), V. Rasputin’s story “Live and Remember” ends.

The title of the book is "Live and Remember". These words tell us that everything that is written on the pages of the book should become a lesson in the life of every person. Live and remember that in life there is betrayal, meanness, human fall, the test of love with this blow. Live and remember that one cannot go against conscience and that in minutes severe trials you must be with the people. The call “Live and remember” is addressed to all of us: a person is responsible for his actions!

Composition

Valentin Grigoryevich Rasputin was born on March 15, 1937 in the village of Ust-Uda Irkutsk region. After graduating from the philological department of Irkutsk University in 1957, he worked for several years in the youth newspapers of Irkutsk and Krasnoyarsk, traveled a lot to construction sites, and often visited villages. The result of these trips were books of essays - "Campfires of New Cities" and "The Land Near the Sky". First big success brought the writer the story "A Day for Mary" (1967). wide public acceptance other works of V. G. Rasputin also received: the stories “ Deadline"(1970), "Live and Remember" (1974), "Farewell to Matera" (1976). For the story "Live and Remember" V. Rasputin was awarded the USSR Prize (1977). In his works, the writer touches on such important topics as the theme of ecology and the theme of morality. Problem moral choice with particular poignancy is displayed in the story “Live and remember. Rasputin appears here as a subtle psychologist and connoisseur of folk life.

The events of the story take place in last days war. Returning home from the hospital, and not to the front, one of the main characters of the story, Andrei Guskov, becomes a deserter. Being in the hospital after being wounded, he dreamed of how he would return home, and was completely sure that he would no longer be sent to the front. It was 1944. However, all his hopes of returning are crumbling, and he decides to take a desperate step. "All of myself, until last drop and to the last thought, he prepared for a meeting with his relatives - with his father, mother, Nastena - he lived with this, he recovered and breathed with this, he knew only this one thing ... How back, again under bullets, under death, when near, in your own side, in Siberia? Is it right, fair? He would only have one single day to be at home, to calm his soul, then he is again ready for anything. Having become a deserter, he is afraid to admit it even to himself and therefore makes a deal with his conscience. He was ready, seeing his relatives, to die at the front, but gradually a great desire to live drowns out the weak voice of conscience. He opens up to his wife Nastya.

Feeling guilty about what her husband has done does not allow her to live in peace. She, sheltering her husband who had fled, took his desertion upon herself. After each meeting with Andrey, Nastena increasingly fenced herself off from people with whom she shared both grief and joy all her life. Even the expectation of a child becomes painful for her. The story ends with the death of Nastena, she cannot find a logical solution and atoning for her death the guilt of involuntary shame for her husband's grave act.

Why is life so cruel and unfair? Andrei - a man without a conscience - remains to live! and the life of such a beautiful, honest, kind, pure woman Nastena ends. But not only Nastena became a victim of Andrey's terrible act, but also his father. Mikheich is very worried, withdraws into himself, anticipating evil, and then becomes seriously ill. In this story, V. Rasputin shows the gradual degradation of a person. After all, Andrei is from the good, loving son and the husband turns into an insignificant animal. The choice made has an irreparable effect on his later life. The line between good and bad, right and wrong is blurred. In fact, Andrei no longer has power over his life and his actions, he goes with the flow.

Andrey, no matter how scary, is removed from his loved ones in order to save his life. Neither the death of his wife, who could become the mother of his child, nor the illness of his father touch him. He only cares about his own well-being. Andrei, moving away from people, gradually loses everything human. He even tries to howl at the moon like wolves. For a moment, he still realized that he was moving away from normal life, but there was nothing he could do. External circumstances were stronger, and his will was not enough to resist them. He obeyed.

Cruelty towards others settled in Andrei's soul. He shot a roe deer and watched its death throes. Zhenya said to this: "Tell someone to kill." So, step by step, Andrei falls lower and lower. So who is to blame for the fact that a person fell so low: circumstances or himself? This question worried many writers of Russian literature. In Rasputin's story, the protagonist is placed in exceptional circumstances, the circumstances of the war, and blames his lack of will on them: "This is all war, all of it," he again began to justify himself and conjure. With these words, he, as it were, relieved himself of all responsibility for his actions, shifted everything to fate. Thus, Andrey's moral fall is not a tragedy. He doomed himself to a lonely existence, forced to constantly hide. It even became a habit for him. Like a wild animal that sensed danger, Andrey “jumped up, got ready in a minute, habitually bringing the winter quarters into an uninhabited, neglected appearance, he had a retreat prepared for him ... There, in a cave, not a single dog would find him.”

The tragedy in the story is the death of Nastena. This woman is a real Russian character, which is embodied in many heroines of Rasputin's stories. Nastena is a highly moral person who feels guilty for her husband's act, but carries this cross. She committed suicide, but at the same time she was morally cleansed. In her soul the moral laws won, just as they win in the soul of the whole people. For Andrei, her suicide was another step down, because he saw in the child that Nastena was carrying, his salvation. And their death is a punishment for the fact that he transgressed through all the moral laws in his soul.

With his story, V. Rasputin, as it were, says “Live and remember, man! In trouble, steep place yours is near with the people. Any retreat turns into grief for you and your people. The name itself, of course, refers to Andrei, because one would like to add: "If you can live." But I think it applies to all of us as well. The main thing for everyone is to live honestly, conscientiously, without lies, then our society will be highly moral. The immortals will return to us again human values: mercy, kindness, justice. Our literature is called upon to teach people not to live by lies.

Other writings on this work

Artworks contemporary writers sharply describe our daily, everyday life showing its shortcomings and omissions. Writers on real episodes of modern reality are trying to identify, designate and show the negative aspects of social and individual life of people.

I was given the opportunity to reflect on one of the works of the contemporary Russian writer V. Rasputin - "Live and Remember".

I, as a reader, am glad that I had a chance to read the works of the wonderful and talented Russian prose writer V. G. Rasputin, who created beautiful works about Russian people, about Russian nature, about the Russian soul. His novels and short stories are included in the golden fund of modern Russian literature.

The events described in the story take place in the winter of forty-five, in the last war year, on the banks of the Angara in the village of Atamanovka. The name, it would seem, is loud, and in the recent past even more frightening - Razboinikovo. “... Once upon a time in the old days, the local peasants did not disdain one quiet and profitable trade: they checked the goldsmiths coming from Lena.” But the inhabitants of the village had long been quiet and harmless and did not hunt for robbery. Against the backdrop of this virgin and wild nature, the main event of the story takes place - the betrayal of Andrei Guskov.

In any work of art the title is very important role for the reader. The title of the book “Live and Remember” prompts us, readers, to a deeper concept and understanding of the work. These words - "Live and remember" - tell us that everything that is written on the pages of the book should become an unshakable eternal lesson in the life of every person. “Live and remember” is betrayal, baseness, human fall, the test of love with this blow.

Before us is the main character of this book - Andrey Guskov, "an efficient and gallant guy who married Nastya early and lived with her before the war, not bad, not bad for four years." But here in peaceful life Russian people are unceremoniously invaded by the Great Patriotic War. Together with the entire male part of the population, Andrei also went to war. Nothing foreshadowed such a strange and incomprehensible alignment, and now, like an unexpected blow for Nastena, the news that her husband Andrei Guskov is a traitor. Not every person is given to experience such grief and shame. This incident abruptly turns and changes the life of Nastya Guskova. “...Where were you, man, what toys did you play with when you were assigned a fate. Why did you agree with her? Why, without thinking, cut off your wings, just when they are most needed, when you need not to crawl, but to run away from trouble in the summer. ”Now she is under the power of her feelings and love. Lost in the deep village life, female drama extracted and shown by Rasputin. living picture, which is increasingly common against the background of the war. The author brings to the readers that Nastena is a victim of the war and its laws.

She could not act differently, along the universal chosen path, not obeying her feelings and the will of fate. Nastya loves and pities Andrei, but when shame for the human judgment of herself and her unborn child defeats the power of love for her husband and life, she stepped overboard in the middle of the Angara, dying between two banks - the coast of her husband and the coast of all Russian people. Rasputin gives readers the right to judge the actions of Andrei and Nastena, emphasize for themselves all the good and realize all the bad. The author himself good writer, inclined rather to forgive a person than to condemn, all the more to condemn mercilessly. He tries to leave room for his heroes to correct. But there are such phenomena and events that are unbearable not only for the people around the heroes, but also for the author himself, which the author does not have to comprehend. mental strength, and there is only one rejection.

Valentin Rasputin, with inexhaustible purity of heart for a Russian writer, shows a resident of our village in the most unexpected situations.

The nobility of Nastya is compared by the author with the wild mind of Guskov. On the example of how Andrei pounces on the calf and bullies him, it is clear that he has lost human image completely withdrawn from people. Nastya is trying to reason and show her husband's mistake, but she does it lovingly, does not insist.

The author introduces many thoughts about life into the story “Live and Remember”. We see this especially well when Andrei and Nastya meet. Heroes languish in their reflections not from melancholy or idleness, but wanting to understand the purpose of human life.

Great and multifaceted images described by Rasputin. Here we see a typical village life collective image grandfather Mikheich and his wife, the conservatively strict Semyonovna. Soldier Maxim Volozhin, courageous and heroic, who spared no effort, fought for the Fatherland. many-sided and controversial image a truly Russian woman - Nadya, left alone with three children. It is she who confirms the words of N. A. Nekrasov: "... a Russian share, a female share."

Everything was reflected and it seemed - life during the war and its a happy ending- on the life of the village of Atamanovka. Valentin Rasputin convinces us with everything that he wrote that there is light in a person, and it is difficult to extinguish it, no matter what the circumstances! In the heroes of V. G. Rasputin and in himself there is a poetic sense of life, opposed to the established perception of life. Follow the words of Valentin Grigorievich Rasputin - "live a century - love a century."

The concepts of "tradition" and "innovation" are inextricably linked. In art, any innovation is possible only with a deep understanding of what has already been discovered, created by predecessors. So, only strong roots allow the tree to grow and bear fruit. The work of Rasputin, as it were, "grows" out of the work of Dostoevsky and Gorky; our contemporary continues to reflect on the problems that tormented his great teachers. But in his novels, he seeks to understand how these words sound today. eternal problems. The novel "Live and Remember" is consonant, first of all, with "Crime and Punishment" by Dostoevsky.

Guskov himself would like to shift the blame to "rock", before which the "will" is powerless. It is no coincidence, therefore, that the word “fate” runs like a red thread through the whole story, to which Guskov clings so. The unwillingness to recognize the need for personal responsibility for one's actions is one of those "touches to the portrait" that open a wormhole in Guskov's soul and cause his desertion. The writer revealed to us the cause of Guskov's crime, showing this feature of his character. However, Rasputin elevates a concrete historical fact to the rank of socio-philosophical generalizations, which brings him closer to such predecessors as Dostoevsky and Gorky. Rasputin could rely on artistic experience Dostoevsky. Showing the destruction of the personality of a person who betrayed the interests and ideals of the people, as an irreversible process, without a moral resurrection, R. follows the path laid by Gorky. Here we have come to the most powerful manifestation of the destruction of the personality of the “violator of moral (social) and “natural” laws. to the destruction by him of nature, its main incentive for the continuation of life on earth. First of all, it is the killing of a calf in front of the mother cow.

This is surprising: the cow “screamed” when Guskov raised the ax over her child. The fall of Guskov and the impossibility of a moral resurrection for him become obvious precisely after this highly artistic, amazing plot situation. killing a calf. The idea of ​​the story is impossible to comprehend without the fate of Nastya, who also "transgressed", but in a completely different way. In criticism, the fact of Nastya's suicide has already been interpreted, firstly, as "the highest court over the deserter Andrei Guskov."

And, secondly, as "a judgment on oneself, one's woman's, female, human weakness". Nastya has reason to consider herself guilty: she really opposed herself to people. The story ends with the author’s message that they don’t talk about Guskov, “they don’t remember” for him “the connection of times has broken up”, he has no future. The author speaks of Nastya as if she were alive (nowhere replacing the name with "body" or "dead woman"). “And Nastya was washed ashore on the fourth day ... A laborer Mishka was sent for Nastya. He brought Nastya back on a boat ... And they betrayed Nastya to the ground among their own ... After the funeral, the women gathered at Nadya for a simple wake and wept: it was a pity for Nastya. With these words, which signify the “connection of times” restored for Nastya (a traditional ending for folklore, about the memory of a hero through the ages), V. Rasputin’s story ends, which is a synthesis of a socio-philosophical and socio-psychological story, an original story that inherits the best features of Russian literature , traditions of Dostoevsky and Gorky.