A systematic view of modern cinema. Contemporary cinema
To date, domestic and foreign cinemaplays enough big role for modern man. Today, our world is not possible without cinema, because on Soviet films once our older generation grew up, and we are developing culturally on the modern one.
The main difference between modern cinema and films of past years is that today it does not teach only positive things, does not answer only “good” life questions, but also points to negative sides life. What does the abuse of negative films, including scenes of violence, cruelty, pornography lead to?
The main entertainment for children are cartoons, in which you can see a number of negative points. Most often, cartoons from foreign cinema have an adverse effect on the child's psyche. The main negative feature here is too bright color, for example, the outfit of the main character, which does not allow the child to be distracted for a moment, i.e. all his attention remains riveted to the movie clip from beginning to end. Cartoons of foreign cinema have a special form of rigidity, when endowed main character features of a belligerent woman that were once unacceptable for domestic production, for example, the image of a princess in the Russian interpretation did not in any way suggest the fact that she would behave somewhat belligerently, because main character is a prince who must protect her. He, but not her. However, the creators of the cartoon "Shrek" or "Aladdin" apparently think differently, because they have the main female roles the girls are too independent. Thus, little girls begin to form a stereotype that a woman can quite well exist without a man, whose help she actually does not need.
Especially for children, so-called ones are created that can negatively affect their vision, thanks to unnatural images.
Oddly enough, but television pictures can seriously affect not only children, but also adults, especially young people. 'Cause now it's enough a large number of films are replete with their cruelty, violence, the presence of pornographic scenes on which they really learn and grow up, but not who they need. Many people are interested in where thieves, rapists, and murderers come from in the world. The answer is simple - from the cinema. Because it is from this world that, as a teenager, and after watching a certain movie, a person understands that it is not at all necessary to earn an honest living when you can just steal. Of course, not every person will take a certain television picture seriously and, perhaps even that it will not affect his psyche in any way, however, fortunately or unfortunately, all people are different, and everyone has their own worldview and their own psychological features, which can be weakened. After all, it is not in vain that there are many paintings and television shows, before viewing which is warned that people with an unbalanced nervous system or a weak heart are strictly prohibited from viewing.
Russian theater and film actor Mikhail Dorozhkin also notes incredible strength of domestic and foreign cinema and says that while traveling, he observes with horror the tastes of teenagers, the fact that many of them watch the TV show "House 2", in which very often scenes are shown unworthy of the attention of children, and also that they all want to become stars - to sing, dance, play movies, not understanding the full gravity of this work.
In many films, the main idea is not to depict some values or ideals, but justifying the deeds of an immoral hero, which will cause sympathy and understanding among viewers that evil does not have to be punished. Some films depict the victory of evil over good. As a rule, such a picture is devoid of any moral standards and unable to positively influence a person.
Frequent viewing of films with elements of violence, murder, excessive cruelty can lead the viewer to the most dangerous consequences, when he wants to harm not only others, but also himself.
Fortunately, the world of cinema cannot be only negative, it has great amount positive pictures aimed at educating in a person certain life values, ideals. In modern cinema there is a so-called "cinema therapy", which implies watching the film and its further discussion, which includes analyzing the main character, discussing his positive and negative qualities. No wonder the actors working on their next negative character, at the beginning they resort to its analysis, disclosure of their own creative ideas in order to make his role not so negative. The same is true for the general viewer. Film therapy helps him discover his creative potential and own qualities as individuals.
If we look at cinema from a positive point of view, we can understand that it teaches us to see, watch, think, understand and analyze. For every person an important factor is to find for himself that film in which he will feel like the main character, and after watching which, he will not forget about its existence, but on the contrary, he will go deeper into the analysis of the character created by the actors and directors, and will think about how he himself, being in a similar life situation, entered.
The most kind and sincere for children and adults are films related to the genre of "comedies", because at the moment of watching the audience forget about their pressing problems, delve into the movie they are watching, and just laugh kindly. Sometimes this is very important for a person - it is important to understand that the world is not so bad, and you can be happy in it.
Western and domestic cinema, as a rule, is one of the main methods of controlling human consciousness, because films of various genres and interpretations teach modern man good, evil, cruelty, and even very sincere good laughter. The modern world of cinema has gone so far that today it is he who answers many life questions asked by a person. Neither parents, nor friends, nor acquaintances, but precisely a movie that not only shows people real or fabulous life, but also teaches modern society live in it. Of course, not always by the means and methods by which a just world can be known, but also by cruel, dishonest, insidious actions. However, blaming cinema for this is, in fact, stupid, because it only personifies people who are hard and soft, strong and weak, good and evil, so each person understands and sees his own life path, must choose for himself those films that will help him, or, conversely, destroy him. After all, the world of cinema is created different people, where each of the creators sees the life and fate of his hero in his own way, and the viewer only has to choose from the multitude what he really likes.
In preparing this material, information from the site was used - Kinonews.ru
Anna Kondratieva
Cinema in modern world no longer seems unusual, but thanks to high technology, we can watch cartoons online, online movies and all kinds of TV shows for free and without delay. We are already so accustomed to this that we can’t even imagine what the world was like without cinema.
20th century - The time of the development of the newest art form - cinema, the emergence of which was made possible thanks to technological advances. Cinematography - view artistic creativity, which, with the help of cinematographic technology, operating with a moving image and sound, reproduces reality in artistic and documentary images. Synthesizing and absorbing artistic experience literature, theater and visual arts, music and refracting it through its features and specificity, cinematography has its own visual and expressive means, among which the main ones are the photographic nature of the image moving in time and editing. social functions and the importance of cinematography, which has a huge ideological and artistic influence on the formation of views and beliefs, aesthetic tastes and feelings, spiritual culture of people. Cinematography significantly expands the possibilities of figurative expression and enhances the public resonance of artistic activity. There are five types of cinematography: feature or feature cinema, which embodies the works of film dramaturgy by means of performing arts; documentary films, the material for which is the shooting of real events; animated (animation) cinema - a type of cinematography that reflects reality with the help of drawings or photographs taken on film, three-dimensional objects; scientific cinema, which combines popular science, scientific research and techno-propaganda cinema; video clip - a kind of video film, which is characterized by fast editing, saturation with electronic special effects, conciseness. Feature films are divided into genres (adventure, melodrama, tragedy, comedy, psychological story, western, musical film, thriller, etc.). , where in 1895 the brothers Louis and Auguste Lumiere developed and patented an apparatus (cinema) for shooting and projecting a moving image. At first, cinema amazed people only with its technical capabilities and was only an attraction; short stories were shown. Subsequently, it becomes clear that cinema can become profitable business, and therefore its material base, the technique of shooting, editing, and display is growing rapidly. At first, France was the center of film production, then film studios appear in many countries. One of the first to shoot art films began J. Méliès, who created a film studio in France (1896). He made feature films "Cinderella", "Little Red Riding Hood", "Journey to the Moon" - about 4 thousand films in total. Méliès, the director, developed the film stunt technique. An outstanding role in the development of world cinema was played by the American film director Ch. Chaplin (1889-1977, films " Golden fever", "Lights big city"," New Times "," The Great Dictator "), who created the tragicomic image of the" little man ". The American director D. Griffith (1875-1948) in the films "The Birth of a Nation", "Intolerance" successfully solves the problem of expressiveness: he applies " close-up", installation of shots. The first Russian film entrepreneur A. Khanzhonkov in 1907-1908 began the production of domestic feature films, built a film factory in Moscow, several cinemas, including Khudozhestvenny and Moscow. In Ukraine, comedies began to be filmed in 1909 , dramas and vaudevilles from the repertoire and performed by actors Ukrainian theaters: "Shelmenko the Batman", "Moskal the Magician", "The Night Before Christmas" A great contribution to the development of "silent" cinema was made by Soviet film directors S. Eisenstein, V. Pudovkin, A. Dovzhenko, Dziga Vertov, their films "Battleship Potemkin" , "Mother", "Earth" and other steel milestone development of world cinema. The appearance of sound in cinema (the end of the 20s), and subsequently color (40s) made it possible to more actively exercise an emotional and aesthetic impact on the viewer, to achieve greater expressiveness. 1990s, neorealism, which took shape in Italian cinema, became the leading trend. Neorealism originated among the anti-fascist Resistance as a reaction of democratic culture to spiritual stagnation during the reign of B. Mussolini. The aesthetic principles of neorealism were formulated by C. Zavattini: the maximum convergence of the screen story to the realities of life, the rejection of the plot and the involvement of non-professional actors. They were first realized in the films "Obsession" by L. Visconti and "Children look at us" by V. de Sica. The manifesto of neorealism was the painting by R. Rossellini "Rome - open city". Neorealism is characterized by democracy and humanism, attention to life common man, compliance with the principle of fidelity of fact. In the 50-60s, a new step in the development artistic means cinematography was the work of F. Fellini, M. Antonioni, P. Pasolini and the Swedish director I. Bergman. French cinema of that time, recreating the problems of post-war reality, also reflected the events of World War II and the Resistance (directors R. Clement, L. Daken, J Becker, J. P. Le Honor). In addition, a direction called "New Wave" was born in it, which was represented by directors J. L. Godard ("Breathless"), A. Rene ("Hiroshima - my love"), F. Truffaut ("400 blows" , "American Night"), K. Chabrol ("Handsome Serge", "Cousins"), J. Demy "The Umbrellas of Cherbourg") and others. Precious commercial cinema "New Wave" contrasted modest, without movie stars and staged effects, filmed with little money, as a rule, by an unknown director from a sketch script. Representatives" new wave have shown an interest in young generation and skepticism towards traditional social values. The directors of the "new wave" denied their involvement in one artistic group, but their films have much in common. The poetics of the "New Wave" developed the principle of first-person narration, introduced reportage spontaneity, mixing literary language with profanity, demonstrated the possibility of disclosing inner world character through introspection. Now the center of world film production and cartoon production is the USA. distance found solutions in the works of V. Smith (USA, 1873), A. Stoletov (1988), A. Popov (1895). B. Rosing in 1911 conducted the world's first television broadcast under laboratory conditions. The first experimental television broadcasting station (black and white image) was created in the USA (1929), constant television broadcasts began in Great Britain (1936). Color television appeared in the USA (1956). In the USSR, regular television programs began in 1939 (Moscow), from 1951 - in Kiev. Television is a means of information, has the ability to simultaneously appeal to an audience of millions, in particular, thanks live. In the first decades of its existence, television was limited to the role of the media, carrying messages about events taking place in the world. Subsequently, a system of information and journalistic television is being formed, artistic, musical, entertainment, and educational programs are being created. Television is becoming increasingly popular for its efficiency, the ability to convey the necessary information to a large audience. In the second half of the twentieth century. is gaining ground Mass culture, designed for an accessible, underestimated level of perception. Its appearance is associated with the development of means mass communication- press, radio, television, cinematography, video, sound recording, the Internet, which contributed to the replication and dissemination of cultural phenomena, bringing them to the masses. The United States is considered the birthplace of popular culture. Typical genres masscult steel detective, female romance, fantasy, thriller, western, action, television series, melodrama, horror film, comics, musical, pop music, fashion, etc. Mass culture is created with the expectation of commercial success and is very often highly professional, created by talented filmmakers, writers, actors, composers, and singers. The works of mass culture, as a rule, are entertaining. Mass culture is a primitive imitation high culture, therefore, the term "kitsch" is used in relation to mass culture (German kitsch - cheap products, bad taste; verkitschen - cheap to sell). Being accessible to millions of people, mass culture has a powerful ideological and aesthetic impact, creating stereotypes of behavior and lifestyle.
History of cinema
Cinematography (from Greek κινημα, genus κινηματος - movement and Greek γραφω - write, depict) - industry human activity to create moving images. Sometimes also referred to as cinematography (from French cinematographe, obsolete) and cinematography. Cinematography was invented in the 19th century and became extremely popular in the 20th century. The concept of cinema includes cinematography - a type of modern fine art, the works of which are created using moving images, and the film industry (film industry) - a branch of the economy that produces films, special effects for films, animation and demonstrates these works to the audience. Film works are created with the help of film technology. Film science is the study of cinema.
The influence of cinema on culture and art is indisputable, the influence of cinema on politics and the economy is enormous. In many countries, the film industry is a significant sector of the economy. Motion picture production is centered on film studios. Films are shown in cinemas, on television, distributed "on video" in the form of video discs.
The birth of cinema
Historically, cinematography appeared as a result of solving the problem of fixing on a material carrier an image of the continuous movement of objects and projecting this movement onto a screen. To solve this problem, it was necessary to create several technical inventions at once: a flexible light-sensitive film, a device for chronophotography, a projector of rapidly changing images. The first flexible light-sensitive non-combustible film was invented by Russian photographer I.V. Boldyrev (1878-1881), then the American inventors G. Goodwin in 1887 and J. Eastman in 1889 created a combustible, celluloid film. The very first devices for chronophotography were designed in the 80s. years XIX century. These include: the “photogun” of the French physiologist E. Marey (1882), the apparatus of the French inventor O. le Perns (1888), the apparatus of the English inventors W. Friese-Greene and M. Evans (1889), the apparatus of the Russian photographer V.A. Dubuc (1891), "Phonoscope" by the French physiologist J. Demeny (1892). The pioneers in the creation of devices for projecting rapidly changing images onto a screen were: German and Russian photographers O. Anschyuts and V.A. Debuc, who created, respectively, in 1891 and 1892, projection devices of various designs, but with the same name - "Takhiskop", the French inventor E. Reynaud, who created a projector called "Optical Theater" in 1892, and Russian inventors I.A. Timchenko and M.F. Freidenberg (1893).
Inventions closest to cinema in their technical specifications are: Edison's "kinetoscope", I.A. Timchenko (1893), "chronophotographer" J. Demeny (1893), projector of the American inventor J.A. Le Roy (1894), the “panopticon” projector of the American inventor W. Latham (1895), the “pleograph” of the Polish inventor K. Prushinsky (1894), etc. And already in 1895-1896, devices were invented that combine all the main elements cinematography: in France - the "cinematograph" of the brothers L. and O. Lumiere (1895) and the "chronophotographer" J. Demeny (1895); in Germany - the "bioscope" of M. Skladanovsky (1895) and the film projector of O. Mester (1896); in England - "animator" R.W. Paula (1896); in Russia - "chronophotographer" by A. Samarsky (1896) and "strobe" by I. Akimov (1896), in the USA - "vitascope" by T. Armat (1896).
The beginning of the spread of cinema was laid by the shooting and public demonstration of the first short films. On November 1, 1895, in Berlin, M. Skladanovsky demonstrated his “bioscope”, and on December 28, 1895, in Paris, the Lumiere brothers demonstrated their “cinema”. During the years 1896-1897 public demonstrations of short films were made in all world capitals. In Russia, the first shows were organized in April 1896 in Moscow and St. Petersburg, and then on All-Russian Fair V Nizhny Novgorod. At the same time, the first domestic amateur filming was carried out (V. Sashin, A. Fedetsky, S. Makarov, and others).
Silent film era
The first short films (15–20 meters, about 1.5 minutes of demonstration) were mostly documentaries, but the comedy dramatization of the Lumiere brothers The Sprinkled Sprinkler reflects the emergence of feature films. The short length of the first films was due to the technical imperfection of film equipment, however, by the 1900s, the length of films increased to 200–300 meters (15–20 minutes of demonstration). The improvement of filming and projection equipment contributed to a further increase in the length of films, a qualitative and quantitative increase in artistic filming techniques, acting and directing. And the wide distribution of cinema and the popularity of cinema ensured its economic profitability, which, however, could not but affect artistic value filmed films. During this period, with the complication and lengthening of the plot of films, genres of cinema begin to form, their artistic originality, a set of visual techniques specific to each genre is created. Silent cinema reaches its peak by the 1920s, when it is already fully formed as an independent art form with its own artistic means.
Sound coming
Even before the beginning of the 20th century, Thomas Edison tried to synchronize the kinescope with the phonograph, but failed. However, later William Dixon, Edison's co-author, claimed that already in 1889 he managed to create a kinetophonograph - a device that reproduced sound and image simultaneously. However, there is no evidence to back up his claims.
IN early period Sound films have been tried to be made in many countries, but have encountered two main problems: the difficulty in synchronizing the image and sound and the insufficient volume of the latter. The first problem was solved by recording both sound and image on the same medium, but the solution of the second problem required the invention of a low-frequency amplifier, which did not happen until 1912, when the film language had developed so much that the absence of sound was no longer perceived as a serious disadvantage. .
As a result, the patent for the system of sound cinema that would later lead to the sound revolution was granted in 1919, but film companies paid no attention to the ability of cinema to speak, wanting to avoid the rise in the cost of production and distribution of films and the loss of foreign-language markets. Until, in 1925, near-bankruptcy Warner Brothers invested in a risky sound project.
As early as 1926, Warner Brothers produced several sound films, consisting mainly of musical numbers, but they did not have much success with the audience. Success came only with the film "The Jazz Singer", in which, in addition to Al Jolson's musical numbers, his short lines were also present. October 6, 1927 - the day of the premiere of "The Jazz Singer" - is considered to be the birthday of sound cinema.
Further technical progress to the cinema
Although the first primitive color film (with a red-green gamut, without of blue color) was released back in 1922, it did not impress the audience. The first "full color" Technicolor short film called "La Cucaracha" was released in 1934. The first full-length color film "Becky Sharp" by an American director Armenian origin Ruben Mamulyan was released in 1935, this year is considered to be the year of the appearance of color cinema. In the USSR, the first feature color film "Grunya Kornakova" was shot already in 1936.
In the 1950s, technological progress went even further. The development and introduction of magnetic recording and sound reproduction, as well as the creation and development of new types of cinematography (panoramic, stereoscopic, split-screen, etc.) led to a significant improvement in the quality of film screening, and people began to talk about the “presence effect” of the viewer. The impression was enhanced by stereophonic sound reproduction, which made it possible to create a "spatial sound perspective" - the sound, as it were, follows the image of its source, causing the illusion of the reality of the sound source.
At the present time there are very sophisticated systems sound accompaniment movie. The number of separate sound channels reaches up to 7, and even up to 12 in exotic systems. Of course, all this is designed to increase the depth of the viewer's immersion in the atmosphere of the movie being watched.
The original text is on the websiteCinema World "
Stereo
Still such pioneers of cinematography as William Freeze-Green and the Lumiere brothers experimented with stereoscopic and three-dimensional images on the movie screen. They devised systems by which two films of film, tinted red and blue-green colors, were simultaneously projected onto a screen for viewing through special glasses with similarly colored glasses.
The first stereoscopic feature film, The Power of Love, was released in 1922 in black and white. In the 1930s, polarizing filters were invented to control the amount of light that hit film. This made it possible to begin experiments with color stereoscopic cinema, which were simultaneously carried out in Germany and Italy.
But the large-scale use of stereoscopic cinema did not begin until the 1950s, when Hollywood was looking for ways to win back the viewer. Arch Oboler's The Devil of Bovan was one of the first films released by major film studios in 1952-1954. Most of them were adventurous and shocked the audience by creating the illusion that flaming arrows, jumping animals, runaway trains and thrown stones are moving from the screen directly into the auditorium. Unfortunately, the special glasses required for viewing stereo films caused a lot of inconvenience to the audience, and over time, attendance at such sessions dropped sharply. An attempt to revive interest in stereo cinema was made again in 1995, when the action-adventure film "Wings of Courage" was shown in 120 cinemas around the world.
The original text is on the site "Cinema.rin.ru "
In 2009, D. Cameron's film "Avatar" was released, made using computer 3D technologies, and laid the foundation for their widespread use in the creation and viewing of film and television programs.
Chronological table of the history of cinema
|
1826—1834 |
Various machines have been invented for displaying moving pictures: stroboscope, zootrope, thaumatrope. |
|
1872 |
Edward Muybridge demonstrates the running of a horse with 24 cameras. |
|
1877 |
Invented "Praxinoscope"; used in France for projecting successive images onto a screen in 1879. |
|
1878—1895 |
Marey, a French physiologist, developed Various types apparatus for capturing the movements of people and animals. |
|
1887 |
Augustin le Prince received a series of images on perforated film; Thomas A. Edison, who invented the phonograph, took the first steps in developing filming and displaying moving images to accompany recorded sounds. |
|
1888 |
William Freese-Green (1855-1921) demonstrated the first film on celluloid film and patented the motion picture camera. |
|
1889 |
Edison developed 35mm film. |
|
1890—1894 |
Edison made a kinetograph for shooting on perforated tape and a kinetoscope for individual viewing of the footage; commercial production of these devices began in New York, London and Paris. |
|
1895 |
The Lumiere brothers demonstrated to the audience for a fee a film about the train's arrival at the station. Some spectators ran away in horror. |
|
1896 |
Charles Pathe designed the Berliner gramophone, synchronized the sound on the plates with the image on the film. The lack of sound amplification, however, reduced the effect of such a demonstration. |
|
1899 |
Edison tried to amplify the sound with phonograph batteries. |
|
1900 |
Attempts to synchronize sound and image were made by Leon Gaumont (1863-1946) in France and Goldschmidt in Germany and led later to the creation of the Vitafon system in the USA. |
|
1902 |
Georges Mellier directed A Trip to the Moon. |
|
1903 |
The first western by Edwin Porter, The Great Train Robbery, was filmed in the United States. |
|
1906 |
George Elbert Smith (1864-1959) patented the first color film in Great Britain (Kinemacolor). |
|
1908 |
The first Russian feature film "Ponizovaya Volnitsa" was released. |
|
1907—1911 |
The first films were filmed in Hollywood near Los Angeles. In France, Emile Cole is experimenting with animation. |
|
1910 |
Through film studios and magazines in the United States, film actors become world famous. |
|
1911 |
The first studio, the Horsleys Centaur Film Company, was founded in Hollywood, followed in 1915 by the studios of Carl Lammle and Thomas Ince. |
|
1912 |
In the UK, Eugene Lost designed an experimental system for recording sound on film. |
|
1915 |
D. Griffith's historical film "The Birth of a Nation" about civil war in USA. |
|
1917 |
The Society of Motion Picture Engineers of the United States has established a standard for 35 mm film format. |
|
1918—1919 |
In Germany, the Tri-Ergon sound system was developed, which made it possible to record sound on film. A similar system in the United States (whose author was Lee de Forest) was called "Phonofilm". |
|
1923 |
Demonstration of the first sound film (phono film). |
|
1926 |
The silent film "Don Juan" with synchronized musical accompaniment was released. |
|
1927 |
The first sound film "The Jazz Singer" is released with several songs and short dialogues (Warner Bros. studio, New York). The first awards of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts ("Oscar") were awarded. |
|
1928 |
Walt Disney released the first Mickey Mouse cartoon, Steamboat Willie. The first fully voiced film, New York Lights, was released. |
|
1930 |
Western "Big Trail" filmed and printed on film format 70 mm instead of the standard 35 mm. The 70mm format is still used today, but only for expensive epic tapes like Lawrence of Arabia. |
|
1931 |
The first Soviet sound film "One" directed by Grigory Kozintsev and Leonid Trauberg is released. |
|
1932 |
Three-color technology "Technicolor" was developed, applied by Walt Disney in the animated film. |
|
1935 |
Becky Sharp is the first feature film made using Technicolor (tricolor) technology. |
|
1936 |
The first Soviet feature color film "Grunya Kornakova" was shot. |
|
1937 |
Walt Disney is shooting the first full-length (82 minutes long) cartoon Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. |
|
1939 |
One of the most outstanding films of Hollywood "Gone with the Wind" is coming out on the screens. |
|
1952 |
Cinerama, a widescreen film shot with three cameras and projected by three projectors appears in New York. |
|
1953 |
Commercial 3D (stereo) cinema and the widescreen synoscope are emerging in the US. The synescope was a coordinated system of cameras and projectors, producing a three-dimensional effect using anamorphic lenses. The equipment for stereo filming was cumbersome, the audience was reluctant to put on glasses that were supposed to be viewed. Stereo recording of sound was part of the technology, which later became the norm. |
|
1959 |
The first experiment in the use of smell in cinema was in the film The Scent of Mystery. The attempt did not continue. |
|
1980 |
Most significant films are made using Dolby stereos. |
|
1981 |
A "Year of Color Films" initiated by filmmaker Martin Scorsese to draw attention to the quality of color films released after 1950 and prevent it from deteriorating. |
|
1982 |
Walt Disney is making the first and most effective attempt at a $20 million full-length CG animated film Tron to break into the thriving fantasy film market. Stereo cinema experienced a brief renaissance, with "Jaws-ZD" and "Friday the 13th Part 3" filmed in this technique, bringing commercial success. |
|
1987 |
Representatives of the Hollywood company have applied to the US Senate Judiciary Committee with a request to protect their films from electronic "colouring" - a new way to colorize black-and-white films for television. |
|
1988 |
Robert Zemeckis in Who Framed Roger Rabbit new technology combination of acting and animation. |
|
2009 |
D. Cameron's film "Avatar", made using 3 D -technologies, and laid the foundation for their widespread use in the creation and viewing of film and television programs. |
original text chronological table is on the site"Film collection - world classics and rare spectacular films"
"Cinema is theater for the poor."
Anna Akhmatova /
We all love to watch movies, some for pleasure and cheer up, others for education or searching for some answers, and still others cannot understand why at all. But every modern person cannot imagine his life without cinema.It is likely that he devotes most of his time to the art of cinema, since films are shown through television in almost every home.
Let's see what they write about cinema in the Wikipedia encyclopedia:
" The concept of cinema includes search- a type of modern fine art, the works of which are created with the help of moving images, and the film industry (film industry) - a branch of the economy that produces films, special effects for films, animation, and demonstrates these works to the audience.
The main difference between modern cinema and films of past years is that today it does not teach only positive things, does not answer only “good” life questions, but also points to the negative aspects of life.
IN Currently, a huge number of films are being released, various in subject matter. Cinematography has revived and presents to the audience all kinds of series, different in genre: from comedy to tragedy, from drama to satire. There are new movies based on real facts and events. Many people prefer American cinema, especially action films and thrillers, for its huge amount of breathtaking special effects. Personally, I am very pleased that at present many directors are turning to the theme of the Great Patriotic War and reflect those events about which nothing was previously known.
Nowadays, all films can be divided into films that bring commercial profits, and independent, non-commercial auteur films. Movies that generate income are massive. But there are also directors who consider themselves "independent of the independent." They believe that it is wrong and shameful to make a profit from their paintings.
Let me tell you about the new trends in cinema, thanks to which it has become modern!
Short films
At first sight, short film differs from the full-length only in the short duration of the film (mostly 15-20 minutes). But it seems so only at first glance, because in a narrow time frame short film it is necessary to accommodate the whole range of spectator experiences that exists in feature-length cinema. Therefore, short films are, with artistic point vision, completely separate view cinematography and a separate type of cinematic creativity.
Technical novelty - digital cinema
At the beginning of the 21st century, with the development of digital image recording technologies, the concept of "digital cinema" or "digital video" appeared. digital video). This term is understood the new kind filming, when frames are recorded using digital camera directly to a digital storage medium. In this case, film for filming becomes unnecessary, and the film projector is replaced by a digital projector, or a high-quality internal negative is produced using laser recorders. digital intermediate) for subsequent printing of film copies.
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About directors and their work I consider it very important to note the directors of modern cinema and, as always, I will tell you about my favorites. Perhaps you have not heard about them, the films that I will talk about are not included in the main-stream (main stream) of modern cinema, but for some reason I wanted to show them, and not the Fifth Element, which you already know everything about! Emir Kusturica (Serbia):
Jacques Audiard (France):
Steen Coninx (Belgium):
Oscar Rehler (Germany):
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But they don’t argue about tastes, so I wish you to get as many pleasant impressions as possible while watching modern cinema. And don't forget the classics too!
The role of cinema in human life
Cinema saw the light of day a little over a century ago. Since then, of course, this
The art industry has grown and changed a lot.
Cinema, as entertainment, is nowhere to go. Someone likes to sit in front
TV alone, others gather with the whole family. Currently
a very large number of films are released every year. Everyone can
find what he likes. Depending on your mood and preferences, you can
watch detective stories, melodramas, horrors, historical films. Movies can
give such emotions, survive situations that real life No. So
cinema will not lose its important place in people's lives for a long time to come.
Today, cinema is more accessible to viewers, since you can watch it on
TV, on the monitor screen, or go to the cinema. Internet gives
moviegoers have the advantage to watch new items first and choose according to their own
taste, and not what is shown on TV or in cinemas.
The film industry has been in constant growth since the first
the video that appears. Nowadays in film production
advanced technologies are used, which makes it possible to produce
cinema with excellent quality images and amazing
special effects. 3D image, sound, modern graphics
make the viewer feel like a hero of what is happening on
screen. Innovations that make us believe in
the reality of what is happening on the screens:
1.Special effects and computer graphics
2.Plastic makeup special effect
Cinema without special effects did not last long. People,
discovered a new art, quickly began to invent,
how to show on the screen what used to exist
only in their imagination.
Special effect - a set of cinematographic technologies and
television, as a result of which the screen is
an image that did not actually exist, but for
viewers no different from those filmed in the pavilion or on location. This is what the before and after shots look like
applying various special effects plastic makeup
Professional make-up artists in their work often
You have to resort to creating special effects. bruises and
abrasions on the faces of heroes who save the world from villains of all stripes -
this, of course, is the merit of make-up artists, and not real combat
wounds. However, to make bullet wounds and bloody wounds
realistic, crooked noses and false ears - natural,
beards and mustaches - indistinguishable from real ones - not the easiest
case. Perhaps today without plastic make-up and special effects
will cost not a single film coming out, even if it
Computer graphics are actively used. And it's not just about
noisy blockbusters with gunfights, although they are
the main "consumers" of special effects. special effects
are used even in melodramas and comedies. Everyone knows that
not everyone, even if very talented actor Maybe
cry in the frame - and here special
facilities. With the help of such a product as "Pencil for tears",
the tears of the actor look very naturalistic. Or, for example,
need to make a face young actor and help him play
his hero a few decades later. This will help
special means for aging the skin of the face. Such a different movie.
Horror (horror movie, horror movie) - circle of movies,
designed to evoke feelings of fear, anxiety and
uncertainty, create a tense atmosphere of horror or
agonizing expectation of something terrible. A disaster film is a film in which the characters are involved in a disaster and
trying to escape. A specific kind of thriller and
drama. It can be referred to as a natural disaster (tornado,
earthquake, volcanic eruption, etc.), and man-made
catastrophe (aircraft crash, for example). Detective
Detective - a genre of cinema,
whose works contain
demonstration of criminal acts and their
investigation. Appeared almost
simultaneously with the advent
cinematography. Series - a kind of cinematography
Who among us at least once in a lifetime
didn't watch the show? by the most
a simple definition of a given
genre of the film industry will
next is television
a film made up of several
or multiple series. What are the series?
Serials are not far from films in their classification. But still
There are a couple of interesting directions.
1. Medical series.
An excellent illustration of this genre is the TV series “Doctor House”,
Clinic, Grey's Anatomy. Sitcoms.
Comedy variety
TV programs, with permanent
main characters and place
actions. Originally Appeared
on US radio in the 1920s, to
The 1970s sitcom stood out in
genre almost exclusively
television comedy and received
widespread in
TV series.
Examples of sitcoms are
series such as “Friends”, “How I
met your mother. One more, enough popular view series - TV adaptation of books,
comics or even other films.
Examples are "Death Instruments", "Areas of Darkness",
Daredevil, Jessica Jones.
