Abstract on the topic Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev. Turgenev short biography

Subject. I.S. Turgenev (1818 - 1883) Essay on life and creativity.

Goals: 1) introduce the student to the biography of the writer, show his complex, contradictory nature, teach him to choose and take notes main information from the lesson; 2) develop communication monologue speech, attention, thinking, memory; 3) to cultivate independence, interest and respect for Russian literature.

Lesson progress

1. The romance “Foggy Morning” sounds.

Why do you think we started the lesson with this romance?

2.Opening remarks teachers.

Today we begin to study the creativity of very interesting, fruitful and controversial writer Russian literature. Write down the topic of the lesson in your notebook.

Take a closer look at this portrait: the writer is depicted in his usual work suit. Look closely at his face. A large open forehead, tired half-closed eyes, a kind look; a face dotted with wrinkles, a gray head. (At 35, Turgenev was already gray-haired.) All this speaks of sharp mind, great life experience and difficult internal struggle writer for the truth.

3. Design of notebooks (epigraphs)

The main thing about it is its truthfulness.

L.N. Tolstoy

If Pushkin had every reason to say about himself that he awakened “good feelings,” Turgenev could say the same thing about himself with equal justice.

M.E. Saltykov – Shchedrin

In all modern literature, Turgenev has the most talent.

N.V. Gogol

What features of I.S. Turgenev’s character and creativity do they reflect?

4.The teacher's word.

I.S. Turgenev played big role in the development of critical realism. All his works were a response to the most important, topical issues of life. Turgenev came to literature with new themes, with new heroes: the theme of serfdom, the theme of “superfluous people,” the theme of the Russian woman. He is rightly called the singer of Russian nature and Russian women. Not many writers have heroines like Turgenev’s. His wonderful heroines are very feminine, have great intelligence, a beautiful soul, high morality, demand for themselves and others, and determination.

I.S. Turgenev is also valuable to us for his deep patriotism. Full of faith in the Russian people, in his work he showed the hidden strengths of the people, their talent, their spiritual beauty. Turgenev is also dear to us because, following Pushkin, he denounced the “wild lordship” under the conditions of a feudal state and glorified man. We also value Turgenev as a writer who glorified the language of the Russian people in the prose poem “Russian Language”.

Who is I.S. Turgenev? When listening, make up chronological table“Stages of life and creativity of I.S. Turgenev.”

5. Student messages.

a) Turgenev’s childhood

The village of Spasskoye belonged to the Lutovinovs. The last of the Lutovinovs to own it was the girl Varvara Petrovna, who inherited it from her uncle Ivan Ivanovich.

Her youth was not an easy one... Loneliness, insults, beatings - this was Varvara Petrovna’s childhood... In one terrible night the girl ran away from home... Half dressed, on foot, she walked sixty miles to Spassky. There she took refuge with her uncle Ivan Ivanovich. Here, too, a not sweet life awaited her - with a tough and stingy old man... She lived with her uncle for ten years, she was twenty-seven, when she unexpectedly became the owner of thousands of serfs, thousands of acres of Oryol and Tula lands...

She was already approaching thirty when the young officer Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev came to Spasskoye... Varvara Petrovna immediately fell in love with him: he was distinguished by his rare beauty... In 1816, she married him. Sergei Nikolaevich Turgenev combined different qualities of his ancestors: he was straightforward and courageous, very handsome, very woman-loving... Varvara Petrovna could not be happy with her husband - she loved him boundlessly and unrequitedly. A year later their son Nikolai was born, then Ivan.

The true “cradle” of the writer turned out to be Spasskoye, with all its lush and ponderous, slow, stern and poetic style. The house is almost a palace. The servants - footmen, maids, Cossack errand girls, cooks, grooms, gardeners, seamstresses, hangers-on - all this moved regularly and was headed by the ruler - Varvara Petrovna. Sergei Nikolaevich is in the background. They lived an idle, satisfying life, but without elegance. They organized balls and masquerades. Performances were given in one gallery... They had their own orchestra, their own serf troupe. The trembling priest served prayers on holidays.

Turgenev's childhood could have been golden - but it wasn't. The mother turned out to be too harsh... She loved her son very much - and tormented him very much. In the same luxury home almost every day they flogged the future owner of Spassky, for every little thing, for every trifle...

Outside of his mother, Spasskoye gave a lot. Here he recognized nature, Russians ordinary people, life of animals and birds. Here he learned book poetry, in addition to nature.

Turgenev, a child, already knew a lot about life. In addition to the singing of birds in the park and the exciting ringing of poetry, I heard screams from the stables and knew from myself what “punishment” was. All sorts of village friends and peers reported in detail who had their foreheads shaved, who was exiled, who was beaten in what manner. He did not grow up in a greenhouse. And it cannot be said that Varvara Petrovna’s way of ruling brought the child closer to her. The mother raised not only a son who was distant to herself, but also a rather stable, strict enemy of the lifestyle that she herself was a passionate bearer of. Turgenev's first educators were serf nannies and men. Later, foreigners appeared in the house - tutors. The boy became addicted to reading early. Of the Russian writers, he especially loved Pushkin. I read Shakespeare, Byron, Schiller, and Goethe in the originals.

B) Adolescence and youth. Studies.

In 1827, the Turgenevs moved to Moscow. In the summer we went to the estate: communication with the village was not interrupted.

At this time, Sergei Nikolaevich fell ill, and for treatment he and Varvara Petrovna had to go to Paris, be in Ems and Frankfurt.

Ivan stayed in Moscow, in the Weidenhammer boarding house. Ivan spent a year and a half with Weidenhammer, then he ended up in an Armenian boarding house for several months and, finally, ended up in a new one, with Krause.

One can imagine him as an elegant and well-mannered boy, well-educated, somewhat sensitive and not without arrogance... Romantic friendships came and went with his youth. Love and worship of a woman filled his whole life, accompanied him to the grave... In the fate of Turgenev, his son, it is important that his first meeting with true love was an unrequited meeting. “Unrequited love” - this is how the life of an elegant, smart, very handsome man and a great artist.

They preferred someone else to him. In the mysteriously exciting impression left by this story, it matters that the “other” turned out to be the father...

By the age of 15, Turgenev was sufficiently prepared to enter higher education. educational institution. In the fall of 1833, he successfully passed the exams and was admitted to the verbal department of Moscow University. He studied well, but the university did not have much effect on him.

The Nikolaev reaction did not bypass its suffocating influence and this is the oldest renowned higher educational institution in Russia. But, despite all the efforts of the “persecutors of enlightenment,” Moscow University even at that time was the most important center of advanced Russian social thought. In the 1930s, Lermontov, Belinsky, Herzen, and Ogarev studied there.

Having successfully completed his first year in Moscow, Turgenev transferred to the philological department of the Faculty of Philosophy of St. Petersburg University. The whole family moved to the northern capital at this time. It was more convenient to live there with my brother Nikolai, who joined the Guards Artillery. On October 30, 1834, father Sergei Nikolaevich died. He died quite young, forty-one years old.

Life in St. Petersburg turned out well. At St. Petersburg University, the young student’s favorite professor was Pyotr Alekseevich Pletnev, a scientist and poet, close friend Pushkin.

“Pushkin,” said Turgenev, “was in that era for me, as for many of my peers, something like a demigod. We really worshiped him."

One day, Professor Pletnev invited Turgenev to his place for the evening.

First beginner's evening, first meeting with writers!

And the first person he met in the hallway was Pushkin, no more, no less. This meeting turned out to be instantaneous - Pushkin and Pletnev flashed like lightning without even having time to introduce them

And he saw Pushkin one more time - a few days before the duel, at a morning concert in the Engelhardt Hall. Pushkin stood at the door, arms crossed, gloomy and gloomy. Turgenev circled like a lover, looking this way and that... Pushkin remained in Turgenev’s heart forever.

Turgenev graduated from the university so successfully that he was offered to stay with him. Maybe he would have stayed. But, having gone on vacation to Spasskoye, I was so carried away by hunting that I did not write my dissertation.

In May 1838, Varvara Petrovna accompanied her son Ivan from St. Petersburg abroad. The son went to Germany to study philosophy in the homeland of Kant, Schelling, and Hegel. The University of Berlin was well established and attracted young men from afar. At the same time, N. Stankevich, M. Bakunin, T. Granovsky, with whom Turgenev became close friends, listened to lectures there.

B) The first literary works. Collaboration in the Sovremennik magazine. Publication of stories from “Notes of a Hunter”.

In 1841, Turgenev arrived from Europe. He returned to his homeland as a smart and brilliant young man. He loved to show off, chat, show off...

In the summer, Turgenev lived in Spassky, in the winter in Moscow with his mother. He often appeared in Moscow salons, where one could meet Gogol, Aksakov, Chaadaev. I thought about passing the master's exam and getting a degree in philosophy. Nothing came of it.

I got along very well with my mother...

He wrote poetry in Berlin and continued to write in Russia.

In 1834, he wrote the poem “Parasha,” the first thing that attracted attention to him. In 1842-1846, the stories “Andrei Kolosov”, “Breter”, “Three Portraits” were written and published. These works marked the young writer’s departure from romanticism and the establishment of new realistic principles in his work.

Since 1847, N. A. Nekrasov, together with I. I. Panaev, with the leadership participation of V. G. Belinsky, began publishing the magazine “Sovremennik”. Goncharov, Herzen, Dostoevsky, and later L. Tolstoy were involved in constant collaboration in it.

The very first book of the magazine published Turgenev’s story “Khor and Kalinich” (from “Notes of a Hunter”). It was followed by the stories “Yermolai and the Miller’s Wife”, “The Ovsyanikov’s Odnovovorets”, “The Burmaster”, “The Office”... In just three years, 21 stories were published. And in 1852, a separate publication of “Notes of a Hunter” was carried out, which immediately put Turgenev in the forefront of Russian writers. “Notes of a Hunter” is closely related in content and form to the story “Mumu,” written later and published separately.

In his stories, Turgenev truthfully and expressively showed the bestial appearance of the serf-landowner, revealed the soul of the people, drew beautiful paintings Russian nature.

The sharply anti-serfdom character of “Notes of a Hunter” was not to the taste of the tsarist officials. Many pages were omitted or distorted by censorship.

All the advanced forces of Russia greeted Turgenev's book with enthusiasm. “With Notes of a Hunter” Turgenev won widespread recognition, genuine fame both at home and abroad.

In January 1847, when the volume of Sovremennik with the first story from Notes of a Hunter was published, Turgenev went abroad. During the three years he spent in Germany and France, almost all the stories from “Notes of a Hunter” and several dramatic works were written: “Freeloader”, “Bachelor”, “Where it is thin, there it breaks”, “A Month in the Country”, etc. .

All these plays were called comedies. But these were not empty entertaining farces. In his dramatic works, the writer denounced serfdom and showed the struggle between old and new in Russian society.

Most of Turgenev's plays were banned by censorship and came to the stage many years later.

G).Pauline Viardot.

Pauline Viardot was the daughter of the famous Spanish tenor Manuel Garcia. Her mother also sang it, as did her sister Maria...

Polina knew the theater from childhood, listened to operas, and grew up among artists.

She started performing early. For the first time - in Brussels in 1837, at the age of sixteen. Then in London and Paris. She was invited to Italian opera. In 1841, she married the director of this opera, Louis Viardot - hardly for love, but rather for strengthening of life. Viardot was 20 years older than her, a humble, enlightened, unobtrusive man - the husband of a celebrity...

Viardot was not famous for her beauty. Protruding lips, a large mouth, but wonderful black eyes - fiery and expressive. The hair is also pitch black. In conversation she is lively, brilliant, and courageous. She had a domineering character.

Russia was far away, but its glory went to the east. Viardot arrived in St. Petersburg. Here she opened the tour with “The Barber of Seville” and was a stunning success.

Among the spectators was one young man, very educated and eloquent, handsome, elegant, the future owner of five thousand “slaves” - Ivan Turgenev. In literature by that time he had several poems and the poem “Parasha” listed behind him. In life there are two or three indefinite novels and some crushes.

Turgenev had just turned 25. Polina was twenty-third. The acquaintance began. He began to visit them. A time had begun that was both sweet and difficult for him. The sweet thing was that he fell in love. The difficulty of his position lay in the inequality of power.

He is in love - she “allows herself to be loved.” For her, he is one of many who admired her.

One way or another, Turgenev became close to Viardot. She singled him out from the “young people.” When she left in the spring, he was already writing to her.

In the winter of 44-45, Ms. Viardot sang again in St. Petersburg, again saw and was “friends” with Turgenev. In the summer he managed to go abroad, of course, to Paris - and, of course, because of her.

Did she love him? In grace, intelligence, beauty young Turgenev there was a lot that was attractive. Of course she liked it. I also liked his love for her. But she didn't have it. He had no power over her. She did not suffer for him, did not suffer.

And Turgenev followed her all over Europe.

D).Return to Russia. Arrest and exile. Publication of the novel “Rudin”, the story “Asya”, the novel “ Noble nest».

For Turgenev, the death of his mother brings freedom, independence and wealth. He receives Spasskoye. The section with Nikolai was easy. He released the servants and transferred the peasants to quitrent.

Gogol died in February 1852. Shocked by the death of the great writer, Ivan Sergeevich published an obituary in Moskovskie Vedomosti, which had previously been banned by St. Petersburg censorship. Soon the writer was arrested and, after a month in prison, deported to his family's Spasskoye, under the supervision of local authorities. The disgraced writer spent a year and a half in the village.

At the end of 1853, after much trouble, permission was finally received to leave the village.

And in 1855, Turgenev’s first major work was published - the novel “Rudin”. The hero of the novel, Dmitry Rudin, has much in common with Onegin, Pushkin, Pechorin and Lermontov. The writer showed noble hero new era. He is endowed with an extraordinary mind and the gift of eloquence, selfless to the point of selflessness, full of noble impulses, the desire to benefit society and the people. But to translate these impulses, these aspirations into real deeds, he has neither clarity of purpose nor willpower. When sincere brave girl Natalya Lasunskaya, who loves him and whom he loves, is ready to break with her mother, who does not consent to her marriage with Rudin, and follow him; she hears from him advice to “submit.” Rudin is cowardly, idealism prevails in him, not knowing the unity of word and deed. But, unlike Onegin and Pechorin, he still tries to act, albeit unsuccessfully, and strives for transformation.

It is no coincidence that when Turgenev later finalized his novel, he ended it with the scene of Rudin’s heroic death at the Parisian barricade in 1848. Using the example of Rudin to show the failure of the nobility, the writer at the same time understands the role that people like his hero played in Russian public life.

Rudin is in many ways close to the hero of the story “Asya” (1857) - Mr. N.N. But he didn't have best qualities his predecessor. Behind his outward gentleness and decency lies lack of will and selfishness, which make him the culprit of the tragedy of the heroine of the story - Asya.

Turgenev’s work on his second novel, “The Noble Nest,” continued for three years (1856 – 1858). The hero of the novel, Lavretsky, is not like Rudin or Mr. N.N. This intelligent, strong man bears the “stamp of the nationality”; he is characterized by moral purity, sincere patriotism, kindness and honesty in everything. The heroine Lisa Kalitina is a modest, spontaneous Russian girl with an inquisitive mind and a strong character. But on their path to happiness, the dead, ossified moral foundations of noble society stand as an insurmountable obstacle. Both of them are victims of these foundations. At the end of the novel, looking back at his life, Lavretsky sees its emptiness and uselessness. But he does not give in to despair, his thoughts are addressed to future generations: “Play, have fun, grow, young forces... you have life ahead of you, and it will be easier for you to live...”

E) Novels “On the Eve”, “Fathers and Sons”.

At the end of the 1850s, a revolutionary situation arose in Russia. The struggle around the issue of liberating the peasants is sharply intensifying. Turgenev was not a supporter of revolutionary changes, but through his creativity he objectively served the cause of people's liberation.

Having barely finished “The Noble Nest”, he begins work on the novel “On the Eve”. The writer reflected in this novel the growth of the liberation movement in the country, the entry of new democratic forces into the political arena. The hero of the novel, Dmitry, is a revolutionary - a commoner, a fearless fighter for the freedom of his homeland. The brave, selfless Russian girl Elena Stakhova fell in love with him and follows him, not fearing any dangers; After the death of her loved one, she does not lose heart and herself joins the ranks of the revolutionaries.

Insarov, Elena are new heroes that Russian literature has never known before.

In 1860 - 1861, Turgenev wrote the novel “Fathers and Sons”, where he was the first to create a truthful image of the Russian democrat - commoner Bazarov, one of those new people who came into life to remake it. The democrat Bazarov, the representative of the “children,” is contrasted in the novel with the representatives of the “fathers” - the Kirsanov brothers, whose images reflect the typical features of the doomed noble-landowner class.

The novel “Fathers and Sons” was greeted with great interest by a wide circle of readers and caused fierce controversy.

Turgenev himself lived in France at that time. By the end of the 50s, Polina Viardot began to lose her voice. She did not want to stay in Paris, which had seen her triumphs. I chose Baden. And Turgenev also had to choose between Paris and Baden. But something happened between them again - it brought them closer.

At the same time, the writer received an order through the embassy to appear in St. Petersburg: he was accused of having relations with the enemies of the government - Herzen, Ogarev. He had to give an explanation. Otherwise they threatened to confiscate the property. In January 1864, Turgenev went to St. Petersburg, but in March he returned to Baden.

In the 70s he entered Parisian literary life and left a deep mark on it. He read countless manuscripts of young writers, looked for work, placed the sick in a hospital, gave money for school, tinkered with literary matinees for the benefit of the needy, and established the first Russian library in Paris. But he was already half-sick, sad man. It used to be that Turgenev would get up at night, walk around the garden in silence and, returning, write something in his diary. One of the entries: “The most interesting thing in life is death.”

At the beginning of 1979, Turgenev’s elder brother Nikolai died in Russia.

In February 1979, the writer came to Moscow on an inheritance case, and in March he visited St. Petersburg. A literary dinner is being held in his honor. literary evening. They almost carry him out in their arms after literary readings admiring listeners.

The noise of Moscow and St. Petersburg reached the West. Oxford University presented Turgenev with a doctorate civil law. “Oh, how poorly a scholar’s ​​hat suits my Great Russian mug!” - he wrote.

IN recent years Turgenev lived with Pauline Viardot in Bougival.

When “neuralgic” pains appeared in April 1982, I did not pay attention to them. Aches and pains. The doctor did not order me to leave the room for ten days. Neither Turgenev nor the doctor suspected the full horror of the situation. Spinal cord cancer began.

In May 1983 he writes: “The disease not only does not weaken, it intensifies - the suffering is constant, unbearable - despite the most magnificent weather - there is no hope - the thirst for death is growing.”

Turgenev died on August 22, 1883. When he left, he was completely transformed. There were no traces of suffering left on his face.

The coffin with the writer's body was transported to Russia. On September 27, a funeral took place in St. Petersburg, with a huge crowd of people. Turgenev, as he bequeathed, was buried at the Volkov cemetery, not far from Belinsky.

The importance of Turgenev in Russian literature cannot be overestimated. V.G. Belinsky said: “This is an unusually smart man, and in general good man... He understands Rus', character and reality are visible in all his judgments.” Turgenev's works have been translated into many languages.

Checking the assignment received at the beginning of the lesson.

Before listening to the messages, you received a task: to create a chronological table “Stages of the life and work of I.S. Turgenev"

Check your tables against the table on the screen. If you are missing any dates, add them.

Who do you think Turgenev is?

What is its place in literature?

Homework

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born in 1818 and died in 1883.

Representative of the noble class. Born in small town Orel, but later moved to live in the capital. Turgenev was an innovator of realism. The writer was a philosopher by profession. He had many universities to which he entered, but he did not manage to graduate from many. He also traveled abroad and studied there.

At the beginning of his creative path Ivan Sergeevich tried his hand at writing dramatic, epic and lyrical works. Being a romantic, Turgenev wrote especially carefully in the above areas. His characters feel like strangers in a crowd of people, alone. The hero is even ready to admit his insignificance before the opinions of others.

Ivan Sergeevich was also an outstanding translator and it was thanks to him that many Russian works were translated into foreign languages.

He spent the last years of his life in Germany, where he actively introduced foreigners to Russian culture, in particular literature. During his lifetime he achieved high popularity both in Russia and abroad. The poet died in Paris from a painful sarcoma. His body was brought to his homeland, where the writer was buried.

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Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev (1818 - 1883) - famous Russian writer and poet, publicist and playwright, classic of Russian literature of the 19th century. Turgenev's work includes six novels, many short stories, novellas, articles, plays and poems.
Early years
Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was born on October 28 (November 9), 1818 in the city of Orel. His family, both on his mother’s and father’s sides, belonged to the noble class.
The first education in Turgenev’s biography was received at the Spassky-Lutovinovo estate. The boy was taught literacy by German and French teachers. Since 1827, the family moved to Moscow. Turgenev then studied at private boarding schools in Moscow, and then at Moscow University. Without graduating, Turgenev transferred to the Faculty of Philosophy of St. Petersburg University. He also studied abroad and then traveled around Europe.
The beginning of a literary journey
While studying in his third year at the institute, in 1834 Turgenev wrote his first poem called “Wall”. And in 1838, his first two poems were published: “Evening” and “To the Venus of Medicine.”
In 1841, having returned to Russia, he studied scientific activity, wrote a dissertation and received a master's degree in philology. Then, when the craving for science cooled, Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev served as an official in the Ministry of Internal Affairs until 1844.
In 1843, Turgenev met Belinsky, they struck up a friendly relationship. Under the influence of Belinsky, new poems by Turgenev, poems, and stories were created and published, including: “Parasha”, “Pop”, “Briter” and “Three Portraits”.
Creativity flourishes
Since 1847, at the invitation of Nekrasov, his “Modern Notes” and the first chapters of “Notes of a Hunter” (“Khor and Kalinich”) were published in the transformed magazine “Sovremennik”, which brought the author enormous success, and he began work on other stories about hunting .
Work at Sovremennik brought Turgenev many interesting acquaintances; the magazine also published
Dostoevsky, Goncharov,
Ostrovsky, Fet and other famous writers.
In 1847, together with his friend Belinsky, he went abroad, where he witnessed the February revolution in France.
In the late 40s - early 50s, he was actively involved in drama, writing plays “Where it is thin, there it breaks” and “Freeloader” (both 1848), “Bachelor” (1849), “A Month in the Country” (1850) , “Provincial Girl” (1851), which are staged on theater stages and are a success with the public.
Turgenev translated works by Byron and
Shakespeare, from them he learned the mastery of literary techniques.
In August 1852, one of Turgenev’s most important books, “Notes of a Hunter,” was published.
After Gogol’s death, Turgenev wrote an obituary, for which Ivan Sergeevich was sent into exile in his native village for two years. There is an opinion that the true reason for the exile was the radical views of the writer, as well as the sympathetic attitude towards the serfs, which he expressed in his work.
During his exile, Turgenev writes a story
"Mumu" (1852). Then, after the death of Nicholas I, Turgenev’s most famous works appeared in print: “Rudin” (1856), “The Noble Nest” (1859), “On the Eve” (1860) and “Fathers and Sons” (1862).
Other famous works of the writer include: the novels “Smoke” (1867) and “Nov” (1877), novels and short stories “Diary extra person"(1849),
“Bezhin Meadow” (1851),
“Asya” (1858), “Spring Waters” (1872) and many others.
In the autumn of 1855, Turgenev met
Leo Tolstoy, who soon published the story “Cutting Wood” with a dedication to I. S. Turgenev.
Recent years
In 1863 he went to Germany, where he met outstanding writers Western Europe, promotes Russian literature. He works as an editor and consultant, himself translating from Russian into German and French and vice versa. He becomes the most popular and read Russian writer in Europe. And in 1879 he received an honorary doctorate from Oxford University.
It was thanks to the efforts of Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev that the best works Pushkin, Gogol, Lermontov, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy.
It is worth briefly noting that in the biography of Ivan Turgenev in the late 1870s - early 1880s, his popularity quickly increased, both at home and abroad. And critics began to rank him among the best writers century.
Since 1882, the writer began to be overcome by illnesses: gout, angina pectoris, neuralgia. As a result of a painful illness (sarcoma), he died on August 22 (September 3), 1883 in Bougival (a suburb of Paris). T

Appendix 2

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION OF THE ADMINISTRATION OF THE CITY OF KOVROV

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION

SECONDARY SCHOOL No. 9

Lesson notes

on the works of I.S. Turgenev (grade 10)

Teacher Gladskikh N.M.,

Kovrov

2013

Lesson 1.

Subject: Stages of the biography and creativity of I.S. Turgenev. "The genius of culture."

Target: 1. get students to know the personality of I. S. Turgenev and the main stages of his life and work;

2. teach students to select and take notes on the main information from the lecture;

3. awaken students’ interest in life and the work of I.S. Turgenev.

Lesson type: acquaintance with new material based on previously studied.

Form of organizing work with students: lecture with elements of conversation.

Lesson equipment: multimedia presentation, workstation (automated workstation).

In Russia, in the country of all kinds of revolutionary

and religious maximalism, a country of self-immolation,

country of the most violent excesses, Turgenev barely

Isn’t he the only genius after Pushkin, a genius of proportion and, consequently,

Consequently, a cultural genius. For what is culture?

as not the measurement, accumulation and preservation of values.

D. Merezhkovsky

Lesson progress:

Organization of students

I learning situation. Introducing students to a new topic.

Teacher's opening speech.

Over the course of 10 lessons we will get acquainted with the life and work of I.S. Turgenev. Write down the topic of the lesson and an epigraph that applies not only to this lesson, but to the entire topic. This means that we will repeatedly refer to the words of D. Merezhkovsky. And only after studying the topic will we be able to answer its main question. Let's write it down.

? Why

Let’s leave two pages to answer this question; your conclusions will open on these pages with the words “For me, Turgenev is...”

Introducing students to the information on slide No. 1 (or written on the board). Students' answers and recording of conclusions in a notebook.

Briefly write down the answers to the questions:

1.What historical events entered into the context of Turgenev's works?

2.What contributed to the formation of the spiritual world and artistic experience"cultural genius"?

Material on slide No. 1 or on the board:

1. When I. Turgenev was born, A. Griboedov was 23 years old, A. Pushkin - 19, F. Tyutchev - 15, N. Gogol - 9, V. Belinsky - 7, I. Goncharov - 6, M. Lermontov - 4 .

A. Fet will be born in 2 years, F. Dostoevsky and N. Nekrasov - in 3, A. Ostrovsky - in 5, M. Saltykov-Shchedrin - in 8, L. Tolstoy - in 11, N. Leskov - in 13 years.

2.I. Turgenev was 7 years old when the Decembrist uprising occurred in 1825. Subsequently, he witnessed the greatest events that shocked Russia and Europe:

uprisings in Poland in 1830;

revolution in France in 1848;

Crimean War in 1853 - 1856;

abolition of serfdom in 1861;

Franco-Prussian War 1 1870;

Russian-Turkish war in 1877 - 1878;

development of the populist movement in Russia in the 60s.

Conclusion (written down by students in notebooks):

Reading the output by students. The formation of the personality of the “genius of culture” took place in a complex historical era, rich in cataclysms that took place in the world and in Russia. At this time, a generation of commoner democrats entered the arena of public life and struggle. This was the time of the rise of Russian literature, the time when the works of Pushkin, Lermontov, Gogol, Goncharov, Dostoevsky,

L. Tolstoy.

II learning situation. Teacher's lecture with elements of conversation. Assignment to students: take notes on the lecture, answering the question: “What personality traits of Turgenev allowed D. Merezhkovsky to call him a “genius of culture”?, draw up a chronological table of the writer’s life and work.

Lecture outline:

Biography of I.S. Turgenev.

Ideological and aesthetic position of the writer.

The writer’s special sensitivity to new trends of the times.

The world of novels by I.S. Turgenev.

Heroes and heroines of I.S. Turgenev.

Chronological table of the life and work of I.S. Turgenev.

Date

Event

Answer to the question about the personality traits of the writer, characters, works

1818, 28.04.

Born in Orel. He spent his childhood years on his mother's estate Spassky-Lutovinovo.

1827 – 1829

Studying at a boarding school, Moscow.

1833

Entered the university

Moscow.

1834

Transferred to St. Petersburg University.

1837

Graduated from the university. Petersburg.

1838 – 1841

Study at the University of Berlin.

1841

Return to Russia.

1843

Meet Pauline Viardot. Rapprochement

with Belinsky. Petersburg.

1852

“Notes of a Hunter” in the railway station. “Sovremennik”, arrest and exile in Spasskoye-Lutovinovo.

1856

The novel "Rudin", the story "Faust". Petersburg.

1858

The novel “The Noble Nest”, the story “Asya”.

1860

The novel "On the Eve", a break with Sovremennik.

1862

The novel “Fathers and Sons” in zh. "Russian Messenger".

1864

The story "Ghosts".

1865

The story "Enough"

1867

Novel "Smoke".

1876

Novel "Nove".

1878 – 1882

"Poems in Prose".

1883, 03.09.

He died in Bougival and was buried at the Volkov cemetery in St. Petersburg.

III learning situation.

What conclusions about Turgenev’s personality did you write down?

D/task: 1. advanced individual tasks: reports on the novels “Rudin”, “The Noble Nest”, “On the Eve”;

2. read “Notes of a Hunter”, analysis of one of the stories in the cycle 1) “Khor and Kalinich”, 2) “Singers”, 3) “Yermolai and the Miller’s Wife”, 4) “The Burmist”; 5) “Living Relics” 6) “Tchertop-hanov and Nedopyuskin” according to plan: theme, idea, characters;

3. messages by group:

features of the “Notes of a Hunter” genre;

human types in “Notes of a Hunter”;

the image of the narrator in “Notes of a Hunter”.

Lesson 2.

Subject: I.S. Turgenev. “Notes of a Hunter” (1847 – 1874). The genre of the work, the types of people in the stories, the image of the narrator.

Target: get acquainted with the genre concept of “cycle”, with the cycle of Turgenev’s stories;

learn to compare, analyze the characters of the characters, see the motives of their actions;

Learn to independently organize group work.

Lesson progress:

Student organization.

I learning situation. Teacher's opening speech.

Pay attention to the dates of creation of “Notes of a Hunter”. Turgenev gave them 27 years of his life. They brought him worldwide fame.

Turgenev recalled how, on the way from the village to Moscow, at one small station he stepped onto the platform. Suddenly two young men, tradesmen or craftsmen in dress and manner, approached him and asked:“Let me know, will you be Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev?” - "I". - “The same one who wrote “Notes of a Hunter”?” - “The same one...” They both took off their hats and bowed to me at the waist, saying: “We bow to you as a sign of respect and gratitude on behalf of the Russian people.”

In the fall of 1847, I. Panaev asked Turgenev to provide him with material for the “Mixture” section in the Sovremennik magazine. In January 1847, the first essay “Khor and Kalinich” appeared. Panaev, in order to position the reader to to the young author, published an essay with the subtitle “From the Notes of a Hunter.” But no leniency was needed: the essay was received enthusiastically by the public. Turgenev decided to continue his work, especially since he had many impressions of the life of the people. The writer himself admitted: “Notes of a Hunter accumulated in me for ten whole years.” And in 1877 he wrote to the Italian scientist and writer A. Gubernatis “... the direction of my literary path was determined by the environment of serfdom in which I spent my youth and which aroused in me the strongest hatred.” He drew material not only from his trips to his homeland when hunting, but also from his mother’s letters “to her son Ivan.” The letters frankly spoke of the dramas played out between the serfs and their mistress. During the first months of 1847, Turgenev wrote 4 new stories. And in May he sketched out a plan for the future cycle... All stories and essays were published in Sovremennik. Sovremennik was the first to notify readers in April 1852 of the imminent appearance separate publication“Notes of a Hunter”, in which much has been revised, supplemented and corrected by the author. Then a story happened with an article about the death of Gogol, which ended in exile. The Notes, ready for publication in April, appeared only in August and quickly sold out. The cycle was finally formed in 1874, when it included three new stories: “The End of Tchertopkhanov,” “Living Relics” and “Knocking!” This is how the full composition of “Notes of a Hunter” was determined.

II learning situation. Student messages.

Post feedback plan. (According to I. Fogelson,)

1.Is the message on topic? Is the topic fully covered?

2.Is the information presented consistently? Is there any logic in their presentation? Is this too much information?

3.What thoughts are missing? What should be added? What do you agree with?

4.Are there any speech or grammatical errors?

5.Is a “visual aid” appropriate?

6.What grade does the group’s work correspond to?

1 . Group 1 message. (The second and third groups prepare an oral review of the answer of group 1.) Features of the “Notes of a Hunter” genre.

Material for group 1.

In the stories and essays of “Notes of a Hunter,” readers immediately noted a single liberation idea. Their internal integrity is determined not only by the main idea and moral point of view of the author on Russian life, but also by the very method artistic image reality., cross-cutting motifs, interconnection of stories and essays that create a single poetic context.

Cycle (from the Greek circle) - a group of works deliberately united by the author according to genre, thematic, ideological principle or the commonality of characters. (Students have an information card on their tables, and there is also a card on the screen.)

There are cycles of poems, short stories, novellas.

“Notes of a Hunter” is a series of stories and essays in which a sense of the changeability of life is created with the help of “open” endings and “catching up” beginnings of Turgenev’s stories. The endings of Turgenev's essays are not suspended needed by the artist changeability of life, they are constantly moving towards the beginnings of new and new encounters, giving rise to the gravity of one story to another, “rhyming” frames in a changing picture of the world.

According to Turgenev, individual stories became fragments of the whole - the life of the people in an era when the abolition of serfdom was brewing from below or from above. (Review of the second and third groups)

Visual aid of the first group

“Notes of a Hunter” – a cycle of stories

Title of the story

Topics

Heroes

Narrator's position

Ideas

"Khor and Kalinich"

Types of peasants, landowners. Life, peasants. Nature.

Khor, Kalinich, landowner Polutykin, hunter-storyteller

Active: gets to know the peasants, the landowner, delves into their lives and problems.

Peasants are no less interesting than landowners. They are smart, proud, welcoming, talented.

"Yermolai and the miller's wife"

Hunting, interests of peasants, family life peasants Household peasants. The position of a woman. Landowners' morals.

Ermolai, Arina, landowner Zverkov, narrator.

Seriously interested in the moral and spiritual life of peasants.

Peasants have the right to personal life, they are not slaves.

"Burmeister"

The type of educated landowner, his relationship with the servants, with the headman, and peasants.

Landowner Penochkin, elder Sofron, peasant Antip, narrator.

Explains to us the true essence of the relationship between landowners and slaves.

Serfdom corrupts both landowners and peasants.

"Singers"

The life of a kisser, the inhabitants of a tavern - people of different classes.

Yashka the Turk, Wild Master, rower, Nikolai Ivanovich, narrator.

Watching the singers compete, he experiences true emotional shock.

The singers' talent puts them above class differences.

"Tchertophanov and Nedopyuskin"

The life of poor nobles, their relationships with the noble circle, hobbies: hunting, horses, dogs. Love and friendship.

Tchertophanov, Nedopyuskin, Ermolai, narrator.

Meets new people, their way of life, gets close to them.

Pride and feeling self-esteem, devotion and generosity do not depend on wealth.

"Living Relics"

The fate of the courtyard girl Lukerya.

Lukerya, Ermolai, narrator, Pyotr Petrovich.

Talking with Lukerya, Pyotr Petrovich is shocked by the greatness of the spirit of the sufferer.

No one knows his fate, and the truly wise is the one who humbly accepts and endures all hardships.

2 . Group 2 message. (The first and third groups prepare an oral review of the answer of group 2.) Human types in "Notes of a Hunter".

All the stories and essays in the “Notes of a Hunter” series tell about serfs and represent psychological studies of the relationships between people and their characters. Sometimes sketches of images of peasants go so far as to idealize serfs as opposed to their cruel landowners. Following Pushkin and Gogol, he saw in the Russian people a strong living principle, a talent that would allow the people to accomplish great things in the future. Turgenev's types of peasants are very diverse, but also carry national features. It was absolutely new look to the Russian people. Saltykov-Shchedrin later wrote that Turgenev introduced readers not so much to the peasant environment, but to the Russian national character: thanks to “Notes of a Hunter,” some mysterious, inaccessible depth was revealed in him.”

Belinsky wrote in one of his letters that “Turgenev discovered high moral traits that made peasants and nobles related.”

The stories express the deep sympathy of the author-narrator for the oppressed peasantry, which is revealed in love image the individuality of each peasant - the hero of the stories. Their spiritual wealth is revealed from different sides: here is the economic intelligence of Khor, and Kasyan’s search for justice, and the dreaminess of Kalinich, who has a keen sense of nature, and the deep humanity of Lukerya’s long-suffering. Turgenev also shows different forms of peasant protest against serfdom. With all the “Notes of a Hunter,” the author seems to be calling for the liberation of the peasantry.

Turgenev saw among the peasants not only talented and freedom-loving natures, but also people with a slave psychology, spiritually crippled and corrupted. (Review of the first and third groups)

Visual aid of the second group.

Human types in "Notes of a Hunter"

Hero name

Appearance of the hero

Social position of the hero

Psychological type hero

Relationships with other people

Polecat

“The old man is bald, short, broad-shouldered, dense,” “the shape of his face resembled Socrates.”

A rich man, lives on quitrent, sells oil and tar, “has settled down, saved up some money.”

Intelligent, with a sense of dignity, “on his own mind,” “positive, practical, administrative head, rationalist,” close to society.

“I got along with the master and other authorities,” had big family, treated the master soberly, loved Kalinich.

Kalinich

About 40 years old, tall, thin, good-natured dark face, with rowan berries.

Poor, didn’t look after the farm, although it was in order, “he managed to get by somehow,” talented: “he spoke blood, fear, rabies, drove out worms; the bees were given to him.”

“The most cheerful, gentlest disposition”; kind, helpful, sensitive, attentive, belonged to the type of “idealists, romantics, enthusiastic and dreamy people”; closer to nature.

There was once a wife, but no children; I was in awe of Polutykin; loved Khorya.

Ermolai

About forty-five years old, tall, thin, “with a long and thin nose, a narrow forehead, gray eyes, disheveled voices and wide, mocking lips.”

A hunter, a serf peasant, unsuitable for any work, a bully, a bad owner - he has a dilapidated hut; tramp.

“Carefree, like a bird, quite talkative, absent-minded and awkward in appearance, did not get along in one place... fled sixty miles a day”; loves adventures, “looked like an eccentric.”

“He loved to have fun with a good person,” he was rude to his wife; the men treat him condescendingly and friendly.

Arna Timofeevna

“For about thirty years, the thin and pale face still retained traces of remarkable beauty,” “eyes, large and sad.”

The miller's wife, formerly Mr. Zverkov's courtyard woman, was a maid, now free; literate.

A sick woman with a broken fate: first favored by her masters, and then unhappy, experiencing humiliation, losing love; She combines timidity and determination.

She is frank with Ermolai, whom she knows well, and apparently brave with her husband; timid and secretive with strangers.

Lukerya

"Living human being"; “the head is completely dry, one-color, bronze - like an icon of an ancient letter; the nose is narrow, like a knife blade; lips are almost invisible - only the teeth and eyes turn white, and from under the scarf thin strands of yellow hair spill out onto the forehead”; “The face...even beautiful, but terrible, extraordinary.”

A former courtyard girl, and now a “living relic” - sick, immobile.

Humble, “quiet”, patient sufferer, kind, all-understanding, all-forgiving, loving people, nature, beauty, wise; cares about others, sympathizes with those who have it worse than her; He asks not for himself, but for the peasants.

Feels sorry for everyone; not only does she not burden people, but helps them, they become kinder around her; her gratitude and humility endear her; people help her little by little.

Yashka Turok

“A thin and slender man of about twenty-three”; “he looked like a dashing factory guy and... could not boast of excellent health”... sunken cheeks, large restless gray eyes, a straight nose with thin moving nostrils, a white sloping forehead with light brown curls thrown back, large but beautiful, expressive lips.” sunken cheeks

Best Singer in the area; by rank - “scraper at a merchant’s paper mill.”

“His whole face revealed an impressionable and passionate man”; he is constantly worried; “he was to his liking - an artist in every sense of the word... having won, he enjoys his victory like a child; the listeners are strict but fair; shocked by his talent, they sincerely admire him; the narrator is as shocked as the others.

Wild Master

“A man of about forty, broad-shouldered, high-cheeked, with a low forehead, narrow Tatar eyes, a short and flat nose, a quadrangular chin and black shiny hair, stiff as stubble. The expression of his dark, leaden face... could be called almost ferocious if it weren’t so calm and thoughtful”; “He was burned clumsily, we’ll shoot him down.”

“He didn’t look like a serf, or a tradesman, or an impoverished clerk, or a small, bankrupt nobleman - a huntsman or a fighter; he was certainly on his own”; “They rumored that he was descended from members of the same palace and had been in the service somewhere before,” he had money.

His appearance gave the impression of “some kind of rough, heavy, but irresistible strength”; confidence in one's power; behaved quietly; loved singing passionately; “a mixture of some kind of innate ferocity and the same innate nobility.”

Didn't need anyone, didn't notice anyone; enjoyed enormous influence throughout the entire district, everyone obeyed and submitted to him.

3 . Message 3 groups . (The first and second groups prepare an oral review of the answer of group 3.) The image of the narrator in “Notes of a Hunter.”

The narrator organizes the entire text with his personality, and in “Notes of a Hunter” he not only talks about what he saw and heard, but also evaluates everything, tries to understand the characters, interpret the behavior of the heroes, giving them author's description. He brings the reader into his point of view. Turgenev's narrator is an eyewitness, an observer of events, but not an active participant.

Turgenev's narrator is in contact with the characters and with the readers, that is, he has two-way communication. He can interrupt the narration at any moment and give his characterization to a character or event, or speculate on some topic related to the story. The author never tires of being amazed by the people's representatives, their intelligence, talent, spiritual delicacy - in a word, the spiritual wealth of the people. Hunter is endowed ideal features necessary for a storyteller: he is good, devoid of traits that would prevent him from telling about what happened with great reliability, he is sincerely interested in the life of the people, he is a good observer and psychologist, he does not lead the reader away from the main idea of ​​the story.

Visual aid of the third group.

Comparative characteristics of the author and narrator

Narrator, Pyotr Petrovich

Age

From 26 to 58 years (from 1846 to 1874)

Young, about 30 years old

Social status

Writer, landowner, owner of Spassky and other estates, the most educated person of his time; most of wrote stories in France. He loved hunting and was an avid hunter.

The master is the owner of Spassky and other estates, an educated man, a writer, a landowner, he lived abroad; the fact that he is a hunter does not erase the social differences between him and the peasants, but, as it were, reconciles them. He understands hunting, but he only talks about hunting and does not shoot. More interested in people and nature. Doesn't talk about himself.

Character and interests

Modest, subtle, attentive, charming person, very friendly, observant, successful and world recognition did not spoil his character; he is a brilliant conversationalist, a debater who lives by literary interests, a lover of poetry, and is always surrounded by society.

Kind, subtle, attentive, observant, he is interested in everything, a psychologist, knows how to see the deep roots in people’s actions and behavior, analyzes everything that happens, loves and understands nature, admires beauty, does not put himself in the foreground, listens more often.

Relationships with people

good friend, had many friends and fans in Russia and abroad; non-conflict person; got into difficult situations, even under critical fire in the process of literary polemics.

Peaceful, easy to find common language with everyone, can get anyone talking, respected, has a true interest in people, he openly communicates with readers, sympathizes with the humiliated.

III learning situation. Conclusions.

Having met one of the most famous works I.S. Turgenev, let us turn to the main question of our topic:Why Merezhkovsky brings these two names together: Pushkin and Turgenev? What features of Turgenev’s personality and creativity allowed him to draw this parallel, and also to call him the only “genius of measure”, “genius of culture” after Pushkin?

Open a blank page in your notebook and make your first entry.

Sample entry.

Acquaintance with “Notes of a Hunter” allows us to conclude that Turgenev is characterized by brevity and capaciousness of narration, like Pushkin. Therefore, we can agree with the opinion of R. Rolland that from each Turgenev “story a whole Tolstoy novel could come out.” Turgenev touches upon serious philosophical problems: man and nature, man and society, life and death, fate, happiness. Pushkin resolved the same philosophical questions in his lyrics and novel “Eugene Onegin.” The extraordinary sense of proportion inherent in Turgenev allowed him to reach universal assessments. This cycle of stories and essays predetermined the traditions of Russian literature for decades: the psychologism of Dostoevsky, the lyrics of Nekrasov, the epic of Tolstoy.

IV Lesson summary. Self-reflection of students. Grades for groups' work based on feedback.

D/task: 1. written answer to the question: “Why did Notes of a Hunter bring fame and glory to Turgenev?”;

3. prepare expressive reading excerpts from contemporaries' statements about the novel.

Lesson 4

Subject: Ideological and moral positions P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov.

Analysis of the episodes “The dispute between Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov" and "Duel of Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov."

Goals: find out the ideological and moral positions of P.P. Kirsanov and E. Bazarov, find different and common things in their views and characters;

develop skills in analyzing an episode from a prose text; develop the ability to see significant details in the text: gestures, facial expressions, characters’ remarks, author’s remarks and determine their role;

awaken interest in studying the novel “Fathers and Sons.”

Lesson equipment: multi-presentation, text of the novel “Fathers and Sons”, episode analysis plan (Cards application).

Lesson progress:

Student organization.

IThe teacher’s message about the topic, purpose and objectives of the lesson.

II Analysis of the episode “Dispute between E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov over evening tea.” (Students have a plan for analyzing the episode on the cards: appendix.)

1. When a dispute occurs between E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov?

2. In what mood did Pavel Petrovich “go into the living room”?

3. How did Bazarov feel that evening?

4. How did E. Bazarov behave at the table?

5. How did P.P. feel at the same time? Kirsanov?

6.What does the word “principle” mean? Why do the heroes argue so fiercely about principles? (principle - from lat.principum– basis, origin; ideas in their entirety – a person’s worldview; guiding idea, basic rule of behavior)

7.Why does the dispute begin with the question of aristocracy? Is this a fundamental question and why? What is the point of view of those arguing about aristocracy and its principles?

8. Is P.P. right? Kirsanov, reproaching young people for unscrupulousness?

9.What is behind the heroes’ disputes (new demands of life or old traditions)?

10. Is E. Bazarov right when he claims that he denies all principles? Does he have principles?

11.What do the characters mean by the word “everything”?

13.Who do nihilists rely on in their struggle? What is the attitude of the heroes towards the people? Which of the disputants “is a man more likely to recognize as a compatriot”? (In Kirsanov P.P., since Bazarov was “something like a clown for the peasants.”) How to prove this in text?

14. Do those arguing convince each other?

16.How do you evaluate the persuasiveness of the characters’ statements and the style of their speech?

17. Why does Nikolai Petrovich, without arguing, believe that the song of the fathers is “sung”?

18. How does Arkady behave in a dispute? Does he have his own principles?

III Conclusions. Bazarov, despite the fact that he denies the existence of principles, lives by certain principles. Pavel Petrovich tries to live by the principles of aristocrats and speaks of their superiority. Nikolai Petrovich believes that the life of his fathers is over. Arkady tries to support Bazarov, but it is clear that he is closer life ideals uncle and father. This episode reveals the characters of the characters, their life credos. The episode is important for revealing the meaning of the novel.

IV Analysis of the episode “Duel of Pavel Petrovich and Evgeny Bazarov.”

1. What precedes a duel?

2.Why did Pavel Petrovich take the cane? (So ​​that if Bazarov refuses the duel, hit him with a cane.)

3. Do you feel the tragedy of the situation - after all, the heroes may die? (Ironic remarks by Bazarov. Turgenev, from a letter: “... the duel with Pavel Petrovich was introduced precisely to clearly demonstrate the emptiness of elegant noble chivalry, presented in an almost exaggerated and comical way...”)

4. What are Pavel Petrovich’s feelings and thoughts before the duel?

5. What is the nature of Pavel Petrovich’s speech when explaining, what does this indicate? How do you understand the expression “seminar rat”? (Hint on Bazarov’s spiritual origins.)

6. What does Turgenev notice about the nature of such politeness of Pavel Petrovich?

7. How does Bazarov feel about being challenged to a duel? (Ironically.)

8. Does Pavel Petrovich feel Bazarov’s irony? (Feels, but cannot resist anything.)

9.Who does Bazarov offer as witnesses? Who is this? (“Dull eyes”, “turquoise earring in the ear”, “pomaded multi-colored hair”, “courteous body movements”, “a man of the newest, improved generation”. Proud, stupid, with tense wrinkles on his forehead. The dignity is that he looked politely, I read from warehouses and often cleaned my frock coat with a brush.)

10.What words justify Bazarov agreeing to a duel? (“It’s a stupid situation from which there is no way out.”)

11. Is the author’s position in this scene clear to us? What does Turgenev emphasize with the picture of a beautiful morning, on the one hand, and the comic figure of Peter, on the other? (The meaninglessness of the duel. Peter is a parody of Pavel Petrovich: he takes care of his appearance and says “tyupyur”, “obuspyuchyun”, showing his “education”. The comical figure of Peter, very frightened.)

12. Why was the image of a man introduced into this scene? What detail does the author emphasize the worthlessness and emptiness of the duel? (A man with two horses: “At work, what about us?”)

13. Why did Pavel Petrovich bow to Peter before the duel? (It is necessary to bow to the second - Pavel Petrovich bows to the footman, “in whom at that moment he respected something like a second,” solely for the sake of maintaining form.)

14. What gives the duel scene a comic sound, depriving it of tragedy? What thoughts of Bazarov just before the shot make you laugh and why? (If P.P. keeps the form, then Bazarov’s caustic mockery constantly destroys this solemn form, emphasizing its absurdity and emptiness: he picks up the last words of Pavel Petrovich’s remarks, he himself measures the steps, since he has “longer legs”, uses in an ironic sense the word “discussion”: there was no “discussion” about the number of steps yesterday, uses the word “exterminate”, thinks when Pavel Petrovich aims at him: “He’s aiming right at my nose... and how diligently he squints, the robber!” duels aim at the heart or forehead).

15.What feelings are mixed in Bazarov after Pavel Petrovich is wounded? (The mocking attitude towards the enemy is replaced by the doctor’s natural desire to help the wounded. Then, when Bazarov sees that the wound is not dangerous, Pavel Petrovich’s fainting causes him bewilderment and contempt.)

16. How does Pavel Petrovich feel after the duel? (And Pavel Petrovich was “ashamed of the whole business he had started”: he notices Peter’s “stupid face”, is ashamed of his arrogance and failure. He no longer needs to play the role of a duelist.)

17. What was left of Pavel Petrovich after he abandoned his lifecredo? (“I’m starting to think that Bazarov was right when he reproached me for aristocratism.” There was nothing left to live with. I decided to leave for Dresden or Florence: “... and I’ll live there until I die.” Complete mental emptiness, loss of self-respect and complete indifference to one’s own life.)

18. How does Turgenev write about Pavel Petrovich after the duel? (“Pavel Petrovich moistened his forehead with cologne and closed his eyes. Illuminated by the bright daylight, his beautiful, emaciated head lay on a white pillow, like the head of a dead man... Yes, he was a dead man.” The author pronounces a harsh sentence on his hero.)

IV Conclusions. The duel is pointless. Even such an aristocrat as Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov was convinced of this. Bazarov felt a sense of awkwardness, because he did not want to show himself as a coward, and the duel contradicted the views of a nihilist. The duel helped the heroes understand themselves better. The duel scene in the novel is parodic in nature, and Turgenev himself at that time was already an opponent of duels. The episode helps to better understand the views of the characters, their attitude to life, and the author’s attitude towards the characters. It (the episode) reveals the positions of the characters and the author in relation to the conflict between “fathers” and “children”.

V Lesson summary. Is it necessary to analyze the episodes of the work?

Homework. 1.Written analysis of one of the episodes.

2. The life story of the heroes and historical events of this period (each group completes a task for its own hero).

I.Introduction.

The place of the episode in the work, the nature of the event depicted, the characters.

The thesis is an assumption about the role of the episode in connection with the themes and problems of the work.

II.Main part. Analysis of the episode as an independent fragment of the work.

Brief description of the characters and events at the beginning of the episode.

Participation of characters in the depicted event (2-3 moments in the development of the action).

Characteristics of the characters, their behavior and experiences at the moment of climax and denouement.

Conclusion about the identified character traits, moral qualities, ideals, life goals characters.

“Connections” of the episode with other episodes of the epic work.

III.Conclusion about the role of the episode as a stage in the development of the conflict, important for understanding the ideological meaning of the work.

Lesson-presentation.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev.

"Poems in Prose".

Purpose of the lesson: 1. Show the features of the genre of prose poetry. 2. Reveal artistic features prose poems, identify themes, their role in moral education. 3. Help students understand the philosophical meaning of the poems.
Methodological techniques: teacher explanation, expressive reading, text analysis.

Progress of the lesson.

Slide 1

I. Announcement of the topic and objectives of the lesson
II.The teacher's word.
Today in class we will continue our acquaintance with the works of I.S. Turgenev. Let us remember what we know about the biography of this truly Russian writer. (2-8 slides).

Slide 2

The famous writer was born on October 28, 1818 in Orel. It is difficult to imagine a greater contrast than the common spiritual appearance Turgenev and the environment from which he directly came.

Slide 3

His father, Sergei Nikolaevich, a retired cuirassier colonel, was a remarkably handsome man, insignificant in his moral and mental qualities. The son did not like to remember him, and in those rare moments when he spoke to friends about his father, he characterized him as “a great fisher before the Lord.”

Slide 4

The writer's mother, Varvara Petrovna Lutovinova, was the sovereign ruler of the house. It typically expressed the intoxication with power that was created by serfdom. Genus was a mixture of cruelty, greed and voluptuousness.

Slide 5

Until the age of 9, Turgenev lived in the village of Spasskoye - Lutovinovo (10 versts from Mtsensk, Oryol province). His upbringing was carried out under the guidance of frequently changing tutors. Varvara Petrovna had the deepest contempt for everything Russian. Family members spoke exclusively French among themselves. A love for Russian literature was secretly instilled in Turgenev by one of the serf valets, Punin.

Slides 6,7,8

All the best memories of I.S. Turgenev will be connected with Spassky-Lutovinovo. The writer will live for many years far from Russia, first in Germany, then in France, but his thoughts and heart will always be with his homeland. Despite his long stay abroad and excellent knowledge of several foreign languages, throughout his long life he did not write a single work in any language other than his native one.I.S. Turgenev began his creative career as a poet. And before “Notes of a Hunter,” he wrote poems and even poems. The wonderful poem “Foggy Morning” formed the basis for the creation of the famous Russian romance.

Slide 9

The romance “Foggy Morning” sounds
Wonderful poetry, wonderful music... However, Turgenev’s literary genius was fully revealed in prose! But his prose, as we were convinced by studying the stories from the series “Notes of a Hunter,” never broke with its poetic beginning. At the end of his life and creative journey, the aged Turgenev, tormented by a serious illness, feeling that his days are numbered, seems to be returning to his creative youth, heals himself with the life-giving currents of the poetry of his native word and native spaces.Prose poetry is a genre that you are probably not yet familiar with.- Remember what is called a poem?(The poem is short lyrical work written in verse)- What is the peculiarity of prose poems, how do they differ from ordinary poetry?(A prose poem is also a lyrical work, but its form is prose)
“Poems in prose” by Turgenev is an innovative genre, “borderline” between poetry and prose and connecting them.

Slide “Poems in prose”

Prose poems do not rhyme, they are not written the way we usually write poetry, but they convey to us the thoughts and feelings of the writer. "Poems in prose" - latest works I. S. Turgeneva. He collected notes and recordings for many years and at the end of his life he published them under the title “Poems in Prose.” This is a kind of poetic testament of a great master, wise man. The cycle consists of 51 works, which represent a series of individual thoughts and pictures accumulated over many years, cast into a surprisingly elegant, sincere form. The artist's thoughts on eternal questions existence is colored by personal experiences. Hence the lyricism characteristic of the entire cycle, the increased expressiveness of artistic speech, combining emotionality and laconicism of prose. In the genre of prose poems, the main thing is the feelings, thoughts, and emotions of the artist. Each poem is built in the form of a miniature; at the end of each work we see the main thought, idea.In the cycle “Poems in Prose” I.S. Turgenev reflected all the main themes and motives of the writer’s work.

Slide “Themes of prose poems”

- thoughts about insignificance human life before the eternity of nature; - the writer’s thoughts about the Russian people; -humanity of human relations; -triumphant love; -contrast between good and evil; -reflections on the inevitability of death; - homeland; -happiness and beauty; -memories of old love; - about heroism and cowardice; -about the Russian language, its role.

III. Reading and analysis of prose poems.

Slide “Russian language”

"Russian language"(read by teacher)

In days of doubt, in days painful thoughts about the fate of my homeland - you alone are my support and support, oh great, mighty, truthful and free Russian language! Without you, how can one not fall into despair at the sight of everything that is happening at home? But one cannot believe that such a language was not given to a great people!
- What idea is contained in this poem?(Thought about the greatness of the Russian language and the Russian people.)- What feeling is the author trying to convey here? What intonation is dominant here?(The feeling of love and admiration is conveyed by a solemn, upbeat intonation.)- What kind of work do you think this is: lyrical or epic?(This work is lyrical because it expresses the feelings of the author).
Teacher: The prose poem “Russian Language” was written in 1882. After the assassination of Tsar Alexander II, Temporary Rules on the Press were adopted, according to which the government had the right to close any publications; Gendarmerie bodies began to operate, specializing in undercover activities. In the words “days of doubt”, “days of painful thoughts”, “how not to fall into despair”, we see the poet’s feelings and his reaction to events in Russia. This poem is a hymn to the Russian language and the Russian people. - The poem has only 3 sentences. What are these sentences in terms of the purpose of the statement, in terms of intonation? What does this mean?(Two sentences are exclamatory in intonation, one is interrogative in purpose of the statement. This is a rhetorical (oratorical) device that gives the text a pathetic, solemn sound, conveying the sincere emotion of the author)- Which artistic techniques used in the poem?(Epithets. There are only four of them, but they are given in a whole clip, and 1 of them sounds again, but in relation not to the language, but to the people - its bearer: “great language” - “great people”.

Slide "Gemini"

"Twins"(read by teacher)

I saw two twins arguing. Like two drops of water, they resembled each other in everything: facial features, their expression, hair color, height, body type - and they hated each other irreconcilably. They were equally writhing with rage. The strangely similar faces, pressed close to each other, glowed equally; similar eyes sparkled and threatened equally; the same swear words, uttered in the same voice, burst from identically twisted lips. I couldn’t stand it, I took one by the hand, led him to the mirror and told him: - It’s better to swear here in front of this mirror... It won’t make any difference for you... but it won’t be so scary for me. - What struck the author in the episode he described? Why did he feel scared?- What is the meaning of “multiple repetition of the word “identical”?- What feeling does the author strive to evoke in readers?- What is the philosophical meaning of this poem?(The main, key phrase of this work is “... but I won’t be so scared.” The author is scared because people are blind, cannot appreciate each other, are not enlightened by reason and morality)

Slide “Two Rich Men”

"Two Rich Men"(read by teacher)

When in my presence they praise the rich Rothschild, who devotes thousands of his enormous income to raising children, treating the sick, and caring for the elderly - I praise and am touched. But, while praising and being touched, I cannot help but remember one wretched peasant family who accepted an orphan niece into their ruined little house. “We’ll take Katka,” the woman said, “our last pennies will go towards her; there’ll be no money to get salt or salt the stew... “And we have it... and not salted,” answered the man, her husband. Rothschild is nowhere near this guy.
-What is the main idea of ​​this poem?(The moral superiority of the common man who is spiritually rich)- What do you think is the superiority of a peasant over Rothschild?(A man’s help is more valuable, since he is poor, but the main thing is that a man’s help is a natural impulse, something ordinary, not deserving of special emotions, for example, “tenderness”)Teacher: the author uses the technique of contrasting heroes. We see people who have compassion: one of them is a rich man who sacrifices part of his income, the other is a peasant; he is ready to share the latter for a good cause. IV. Conclusion. “Poems in prose” by I.S. Turgenev became a kind of farewell swan song. This is a kind of testament of a wise man, left to his descendants.

Slide “My good reader”

“My good reader, don’t run through these poems in a row: you’ll probably get bored and the book will fall out of your hands. But read them piecemeal: today one thing, tomorrow another - and one of them, perhaps, will plant something in your soul.”- wrote I.S. Turgenev. The variety of form, combined with the beauty and elegance of the style, testifies to high skill artist. I.S. Turgenev enriched Russian literature with new visual means and paved the way for such writers as I.A. Bunin, V.G. Korolenko, A.I. Solzhenitsyn. In the works of these Russian writers, the genre of prose poetry received a new development. An example of this is the poem by A.I. Solzhenitsyn from the cycle “Tiny” - “Dashing Potion”. VI. Homework: 1. Individual task. Message on the topic “Development of the prose poem genre in the work of A.I. Solzhenitsyn's "Dashing Potion" 2. General task. 1) Artistic retelling your favorite poem. 2) Try to write your poem in prose.
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