Music and vocal art. Vocal: what is vocal and its main types

What is pop vocal?

pop vocal - this is a special kind of modern vocal art, which, as it becomes clear even from the name, is directly connected with the stage. At the same time, let's say that he has a lot of shades, because he combines many styles and trends, creates a rich palette of images.

Choosing your style.

Among the songs that relate to pop vocals, you can see:

• Bright jazz compositions.
• Songs with folk tunes in modern processing.
• Author's songs.
• Modern chanson.
• rock works

Pop vocal classes involve a huge palette of expressive means. , bright and interesting, allowing not only to demonstrate all the abilities of the vocalist, but also to present any song in the necessary dramatic performance.

Flexible genre that allows you to demonstrate the voice from the most attractive side . It is no secret that in each new performance the same work may sound differently, because the framework of pop vocals also includes the dramatic talent of the performer.

And yet, despite any abilities of the performer, the most main value in pop vocals is the voice: sound strength, timbre, range - all this affects the final result. The technologies of modern equipment allow the use of a variety of voice effects, phonograms, backing tracks - all this is an integral part of pop vocals.

Many believe that pop vocals are the younger brother of the academic and are of no value. There are even opinions that this is not vocal at all, but something in between yard singing with a guitar and dashing songs at a wedding. But this is what people who have never encountered real pop vocals say: exercises and chants, exercises to improve diction and articulation, development of the range - all this is fully applicable to pop vocals.

Vocalist (from Latin words vox - "voice" and vocalis - "sounding") —

a musical profession associated with singing, that is, the performance of various vocal parts; a member of any vocal-instrumental ensemble in which this member performs vocal parts.

The term "vocalist" is almost the same as the term "singer", but in modern pop music it is interpreted somewhat more broadly, in particular, implying the possibility of using recitation, recitative, screaming, etc.

A singer is one who sings, who sings. Performer of vocal music: songs, romances, arias, choirs, singles, etc. A person performing music on an instrument, which is his own voice. The singer is the most common type of vocalist.

Lead Vocalist - member of a musical group, performing mainly the main vocal parts.

Backing vocalist - a member of a musical group performing additional, harmonic vocal parts (a kind of backing vocals).

Types of vocal performance.

Depending on how many people and how exactly they participate in the vocal performance of the work, such types of vocals are divided as:

• Solo singing (single);
• Ensemble singing (from two to 10 people, usually performing different parts);
• Choral singing (from 5-7 to several dozen people, some of whom lead identical parts).

There are various systems for classifying voices (and singers, respectively). Some of them take into account the power of the voice, that is, how loud the singer can sing. Others - how mobile, virtuoso, distinct the singer's voice is. Still others include non-musical characteristics, such as appearance, acting ability, etc.

Most often, a classification is used that takes into account the range of the voice and the gender of the singer. Even guided only by these two criteria, many varieties are obtained:

• soprano - high female voice
• mezzo-soprano - medium female voice
• contralto - a low female voice (in choral music it is customary to call it simply viola)

• tenor - high male voice
• baritone - medium male voice
• bass - low male voice

Other vocal varieties are coloratura soprano, dramatic tenor, bass-baritone, bass profundo. There is even a category of male singers who sing in the range of a female voice. This type of voice is rare, but still used today, mainly in opera. In Baroque music, many roles were written for castrati, male singers who underwent castration as a boy to prevent mutation and to maintain a high, female-like voice. In modern vocal performance, these roles can be performed by a singer who knows advanced technology falsetto singing. Singers of this type are called countertenors (aka male alto).

Where to learn to sing? The question is undoubtedly quite general: the fact is that some are interested, for example, in jazz improvisation, while others are quite confident in karaoke, etc.

Classification of vocals according to the manner of performance.

Academic vocal (classical, opera).

Academic vocal - old classical vocal school. Academic singers sing in the opera, in the academic choir, chapel, with a symphony orchestra, as well as in the genre of chamber vocal music. Academic vocals differ from pop, jazz and rock vocals in their strictly classical position. Academic vocals do not involve singing into a microphone. In academic vocals, there are certain frameworks developed by the experience and history of vocal music. These limits, as a rule, do not allow the academic singer to use his voice in other vocal directions. With experience, an academic singer develops a certain vocal position, thanks to which the voice becomes very strong and acquires a large volume. However, in rare cases, academicians may perform in other vocal genres if they can make the sound easier.

Stage vocals.

pop vocal - pop singing combines many song directions, unites the entire palette of vocal art. Pop vocal, first of all, means singing from the stage, but the concept of pop vocal, as a rule, is associated with light and understandable music. In pop vocals, you can hear both folk motives and elements of jazz, it is also an author's song and elements of rock music. Pop vocals differ from academic vocals in a more open and more natural sound. However, singing skills, correct position and sound support are just as necessary in pop vocals as in academic ones.

jazz vocals.

Jazz vocals - first of all, implies an ideal sense of rhythm and harmony, as well as the mobility of the voice and the ability to improvise. In jazz singing, it is necessary to feel the form of the work, to be able to present your understanding of the melodic theme, modifying it, but without leaving the necessary harmony. Just as important is the sensitive partnership of musicians, the ability to improvise on the go.

Rock vocals.

Rock vocals are usually the singing of a vocalist in a rock band. Rock vocals differ from jazz singing in a more emotional presentation. Rock vocals suggest more semantic load than vocal. However, a rock vocalist needs to have serious vocal training. A rock vocalist must also have courage and complete freedom in an emotional and musical sense.

Folk singing or ethnic singing.

Folk singing, ethnic singing, as follows from the term itself, is singing that has existed since the appearance of man, and differs characteristic features characteristic of one or another nationality, ethnic group. Echoes of the folk tradition can be found both in the academic (classical) musical culture and in pop (urban) musical culture. In general, folk singing is characterized by a flat sky, singing on ligaments.

The so-called throat singing is a kind of folk singing, in which the singer, while singing, uses not only the ligaments, but the throat itself, the resonating cavities of the mouth, larynx, due to which the overtones of the main tone become audible.

At the same time, the basis of everything is precisely the academic production of vocals: it gives freedom of voice control.At the same time, the transition of the “jazz to academic” type can become a real break for the singer, which is why it is advisable to immediately decide what exactly you want to learn.

It is important to understand that it is impossible to teach professional singing in 2-3 months, even for people with a natural voice and perfect pitch.In the case of academic vocals, the first year you will have to sing only exercises, vocalizations (singing without words - in “oh-oh-oh” or “ah-ah-ah”) and simple songs.Then you can gradually move on to romances and simple arias. It's not that the science of singing is based on some technique available to the elite. In fact, you can tell how to sing correctly in half an hour, everything else is a matter of training.

Vocal lessons are history for several years.

In that sense, singing is like a sport. Depending on the natural abilities, it will turn out a little faster or a little slower, but in any case, hard training is needed.

The most common and most correct form of vocal training is individual lessons with a teacher. (here we do not touch on the ensemble-choir school - this is a whole separate world).

It's hard to find a teacher and even recommendations do not guarantee anything: it is still important to get along purely humanly, because you will have to spend a lot of time together. The manner of teaching is even more than the varieties of vocals, it can be said that each teacher has his own manner.

There is the old academic school, there are former rockers, etc. Of course, one thing unites them: there are no non-singing teachers of singing.The quality of the singing of the teacher himself does not directly affect the quality of teaching.

Why do we need vocal lessons for children.

Singing lessons for children are more fun than learning. Every child is talented. There are no children completely devoid of hearing or a sense of rhythm.

Vocal training for children of preschool and school age is not just a way to keep a child busy when he is not attending school or kindergarten:

• Thanks to singing, the child learns to understand and feel the beauty of music, learns to appreciate it and joins the creation of beauty himself.
• Vocal for beginner children forms such qualities as a sense of rhythm, hearing, develops the vocal apparatus, improves speech, motor skills.
• Vocal for toddlers, older preschoolers, schoolchildren and teenagers develops creative abilities. The child becomes more self-confident, learns to set goals and achieve them, gains the ability to control himself, his voice, body and emotions.
• And also a children's vocal studio or school is a great opportunity to expand the circle of communication of a young singer.

3. Vocal art

Singing (vocal art) is the performance of music with a voice, the art of conveying the ideological and figurative content of a musical work by means of a singing voice, one of the oldest types of musical art. Singing can be with or without words. Usually singing is accompanied by instrumental accompaniment, but can be performed without it - a cappella. To perform professional music, the voice must be specially adapted and developed. The singing is different:

by genre - opera, associated with dramatic action, with theatrical performance, which includes all types of vocal art and chamber (concert performance of arias, romances, songs, mostly solo or in small ensembles). IN light music accordingly, there is an operetta genre and a variety genre, which includes many styles of singing (in a folk manner, in a spoken voice, in a singsong voice, into a microphone, etc.).

There are three main types of construction of vocal melodies and, accordingly, three manners of singing:

melodious style, where a wide, smooth, coherent singing is required - cantilena;

declamatory style, where singing reproduces the structure and intonations of speech (recitative is a kind of vocal music that approaches natural speech while maintaining a fixed musical order and regular rhythm. It is used in opera, oratorio, cantata. In the 17-18 centuries. a “dry recitative” appeared, accompanied by harpsichord chords and an “accompanied recitative”, with a developed orchestral accompaniment. Recitative intonations are also found in songs, instrumental music and monologues);

coloratura style, where the melody to a certain extent departs from the word and is equipped with many decorations, passages performed on separate vowels or syllables.

Singing without words - vocalization (from the French Vocalise - a vowel sound), a piece of music for singing without words to a vowel sound, usually an exercise for the development of vocal technique. Vocalises for concert performance are also known.

Various national schools of singing are characterized by their style of performance, manner of sound science and the nature of the singing sound. The national school of singing as a historically established stylistic direction takes shape when a national composer school, putting forward certain artistic and performance requirements for singers. The national manner of singing reflects performing traditions, language features, temperament, character, and other qualities typical of a given nationality.

The first European school of singing was Italian - it took shape at the beginning of the 17th century. Standing out for their perfect bel canto technique and brilliant voices, many of its representatives received world recognition. The vocal quality of the Italian language and the convenience for the voice of Italian melodies make it possible to make the most of the possibilities of the voice apparatus. Italian school developed a standard for the classical sound of the voice, which is mainly followed by other national schools of singing. The high perfection of Italian singing art influenced the formation and development of other national vocal schools - French, distinguishing feature which consists of declamatory elements originating from the chanted recitation of the actors of the French classical tragedy, German, in its development meeting the requirements that the vocal music of the largest German and Austrian composers, original, leading from the manner of performing folk songs, the Russian school.

The Russian vocal school took shape under the influence of the artistic demands of the art of Russian classical composers M.I. Glinka, M.P. Mussorgsky, P.I. Tchaikovsky and others. The performing style of its outstanding representatives F.I. etc. was characterized by the mastery of dramatic acting, simplicity, sincerity of performance, the ability to combine singing with a lively, psychologically colored word.

4. Choral music

Choral singing is a rather specific area of ​​art, which is based on the idea of ​​familiarizing with music through collective singing. Through the voice, a person expresses the whole gamut of his sensory world, all the richness and variety of emotional states. And singing in a choir is communication between people precisely at the level of these feelings and states, communication that does not need verbal explanations.

Choral singing among our ancestors occupied a dominant place at holidays, in worship, in theatrical performances. Participation in the choir was considered a sacred duty. It was choral art that strengthened the best qualities in a person, brought up moral beauty and cleansed the soul. In the Middle Ages, the attitude towards art was determined by the influence of the church, but even at this critical stage, the church did not reject, but, on the contrary, bowed to the miraculous effect of choral singing. People saw in this art an amazing power - to unite people, uniting them through unison singing, reconciling the warring and uniting them in friendship. The choir was indeed "a form of unification of unities." Singers in the choir were recruited at the behest of the soul and heart. Choral education has become stronger in a person's life, it was the only consolation and outlet for revealing deep spiritual feelings. Each epoch took this baton as a relic of time, saturating it with the best. The Renaissance strengthened choral singing, complicating it with polyphony. Gradually, the choirs settled in secular life; they began to sound at receptions and balls.

In Russian musical culture, choral singing dominated, and until the 18th century choral genre developed successfully. All choirs can be divided into professional, amateur, domestic.

The first Russian professional choir was founded in the 15th century - the choir of state singing deacons. IN early XVIII century, on its basis in St. Petersburg, the Court Singing Chapel was created. This group, as well as the Synodal Choir in Moscow, played significant role in the development of choral art in Russia. In the 19th century, secular chapels also appeared - the choirs of Yu.N. Golitsyn, A.A. Arkhangelsky, D.A. Agrenev-Slavyansky. In 1910, M.E. Pyatnitsky organized a folk choir, which became the first folk professional musical group. Members of academic professional groups are specially trained in singing, their voices sound even in all parts of the range; the range can be up to two octaves. They possess singing breathing, diction, dynamics and other vocal skills. Professional choirs also include song and dance ensembles and folk choirs.

Domestic choirs, as a rule, were organized according to the principle of joint labor activity or place of residence. So, for example, in the villages old Russia during field work or rest a chorus arose. Among the workers there was a talented singer who started the song and led it to the end. All the rest, attentively listening to the leading voice, adjusted to it, decorating it with their melodic pattern, and a song performed by great love to life. Such an amateur choir, as it is now customary to call it, existed in almost every village, in every village.

Amateur choirs are groups of singers for whom singing in a choir is not a profession. They arose in many countries in connection with the organization of special choral societies. Many amateur choirs reach a high level of performance, and often composers trust them to perform their compositions for the first time. In the USSR, amateur choral art gained an extraordinary scope. Choral groups were at universities, institutes, secondary special educational institutions and schools.

The type of choir is determined depending on which parties make up it. A choir consisting of female voices is called a homogeneous female choir. Similarly, a male choir is called a homogeneous male choir, and a choir consisting of boys and girls is called a children's choir. There is a tradition of performing works written for children's choir, female composition and vice versa.

A choir consisting of male and female voices is called a mixed choir. The type of mixed choirs also includes incomplete mixed choirs. Incomplete mixed choirs are those choirs where any one of the parts is missing. Most often these are basses or tenors, less often - any of the female voices.

A typical mixed choir consists of four parts: female voices- sopranos and altos (if boys sing in the choir, then the soprano part is called treble), male voices - tenors and basses. Each batch, in turn, can be divided into several independent groups depending on the score of the piece being performed. The number of parties in the choir determines its type: two-, three-, four-, six-, eight-part, etc.

Reduction and increase in the number of real-sounding parts by duplication or, conversely, division can give new types of choir. For example: homogeneous one-part choir, homogeneous four-part choir, mixed eight-part choir, mixed one-part choir, etc.

Duplications and divisions can be either permanent or temporary. Choral score with an unstable change in the number of votes will have a form called episodic one-, two-, three-, eight-voice, with the obligatory indication of a stable number of votes (for example, a homogeneous two-voice female choir with episodic triangulation).

The minimum composition of the choir is 12 people (three people per party), the maximum is 100-120 people. Sometimes several groups are combined into a combined choir. 200, 400, 600, 800 people sing in such a choir. Combined choirs perform on large holiday concerts, at song festivals.

It has long been known that the voices of boys who have undergone special training are remarkable for their remarkable mobility, beauty, and silvery sound. It was these qualities of children's voices that the clergy drew attention to and included boys in church choirs. Such chapels existed in many European countries already in the Middle Ages, and since the 18th century in Russia. Special schools were created for the training of juvenile choristers.

In addition to simple choirs, there are also multi-choir compositions, when several choirs with independent choral parts simultaneously participate in the performance of works. Such multi-choir scores are particularly common in operatic music. In Orthodox musical practice, there is also a tradition of composing the so-called antiphonal (antiphonal singing (literally - sound against sound) - a type of performance in which two choirs alternately sound, for example, left and right kliros in Orthodox Church) works in which two choirs sing, as if answering each other. Such compositions are called respectively: double, triple, etc.

Vocal is a kind of musical performance, mastery of singing voice. The vocals are divided into different kinds depending on its style, the techniques used, as well as the nature of the interaction of the performers.

Variety of vocal techniques

Depending on how many people and how exactly they participate in the vocal performance of the work, such types of vocals are divided as:

• solo singing (single);
• ensemble singing (from two to 10 people, usually performing different parts);
• choral singing (from 5-7 to several dozen people, some of whom lead identical parts).

As for the classification of vocals depending on the style and technique of performance, 11 main directions can be distinguished.

Main vocal styles

Classical (academic) singing

Characteristic for opera and operetta, musicals, romances. The traditions of this direction were laid back in the 16th century - from that time to the present, classical performance implies a high vocal position and a high dome, the most voluminous sound of an impeccably clear voice. Sound forcing, noise and wheezing are completely or partially excluded.

jazz vocals

As a result of the fusion of colorful African rhythms and inherent European countries musical traditions, this style appeared at the end of the 19th century in the United States. It is characterized by rich and powerful voice, capable of reproducing very rich sounds, varying the keys, using imitation techniques and maximum improvisation.

pop singing

This direction is distinguished by a focus on the mass consumer. Hence the texts that are understandable in meaning without any deep philosophy, a simple and memorable manner of performance, the use of repetitive verses. Today, pop vocals are closely intertwined with other styles - rap, folk, rock, etc.

Folk singing

Describe exactly what vocals are this direction, is impossible, since each concrete manifestation ethnic singing is something special. However, we can say that in most cases the genre is characterized by singing on the ligaments and a flat palate.

A separate niche of folk performance includes throat singing, which involves the masterful use of the capabilities of not only the ligaments, but also the throat itself. A striking example- Traditions of throat singing in Irish culture.

Genres of African American culture

• Rap. A very sustained rhythmic recitative, which is played under a music track with a heavy beat.
• Hip-hop. Combining rap with a DJ dictated musical rhythm.
• Contemporary rhythm and blues ("R&B"). This is a soft and juicy performance against the background of smoothed electronic rhythms. A much more delicate, lyrical genre than previous vocal techniques.
• Soul. As follows from the name of the genre (from the English "soul" - soul), this style of vocals involves a very penetrating emotional performance of compositions. For this, they use best tricks jazz singing and spirituals (spiritual songs of African Americans).

extreme vocals

• Growling. A very unusual style, which is based on a kind of imitation of an animal roar. It also requires a very strong technical background.
• Screaming. No less vivid genre, expressed in a shrill or hoarse cry. Requires a very high tessitura, and therefore is characteristic in more for male vocalists.

vocal art- a type of musical performance based on the mastery of the singing voice. Singing is the most important manifestation of human nature, because it is an expression of feelings, passions, imagination, thoughts, closely related to the anatomical and spiritual structure of a person. But artistic singing, both academic and popular, requires technical knowledge, exercises, method and style that only training can provide. It is not enough just to sing, one must be able to sing in order to serve the art and preserve the voice. What does the school provide? It creates a musical instrument, turns the larynx, respiratory system and resonators into a harmonious whole that can give rise to musical sound corresponding to aesthetic and acoustic laws. Acoustic laws, on the other hand, do not care about the difference between schools, because they know only the very physical nature of sound. The school only corrects shortcomings and imperfections.
In ancient times, singing was of a folk and religious nature and did not require didactic preparation. They sang "naturally", spontaneously, sang simple and calm melodies or choral prayers in temples to the accompaniment of primitive instruments. Singing, dancing and music formed the basis of education, formed the basis of the humanitarian part of education in gymnasiums, where vocal exercises were interspersed with athletic ones, with the aim of achieving harmonious development personality.

Gradually developing, singing becomes a subject special art. Words, thanks to singing, acquire greater relief. Speech, combined with singing, produces a particularly strong, exciting effect. Singing as an art requires correct, natural voice production and technical vocal development.

Singing is used not only in solo, but also in joint performance (duet, trio, quintet, ensemble, that is, singing of soloists with a choir). Singing wins in melodic music, which makes it possible for the singer to convey what is performed freely, without making too much effort on his voice, without tiring him with techniques that are contrary to his nature. Music for singing should not be instrumental in nature, that is, it should not include techniques that are more suitable for the instrument than for the voice.

Specialty "Pop vocal"

Pop vocal - pop singing combines many song directions, unites the entire palette of vocal art. Pop vocal, first of all, means singing from the stage, but the concept of pop vocal, as a rule, is associated with light and understandable music. In pop vocals, you can hear both folk motives and elements of jazz, it is also an author's song and elements of rock music. Pop vocals differ from academic vocals in a more open and more natural sound. However, singing skills, correct position and sound support are just as necessary in pop vocals as in academic ones.

Children aged 6-8 years old are admitted to the department of vocal performance and are trained according to the seven-year training program. The tasks of training include the formation and development of:

• artistic perception of music.
• singing skills.
• performing skills.
• skills of mastering stage techniques characteristic of different genres of pop music.
• sense of meter and rhythm.
• voice timbre.
• careful attitude by the way.
• vocal performance skills.
• sound recording and microphone skills.
• solo performance skills accompanied by an orchestra, piano and other musical instruments.

Main subject - solo singing. Classes are held on an individual basis. IN lower grades 1 hour per week (40 minutes), and in high school 2 hours.

Solfeggio- obligatory theoretical subject (1 lesson per week for the entire period of study). This academic discipline is aimed at developing hearing and mastering musical theory. Without it, it is impossible to imagine the upbringing of a full-fledged musician.

Musical literature

Vocal Ensemble - group lessons. In junior classes 1.5 hours per week, in senior classes 2 hours per week. Here the abilities for collective creativity are brought up, the skills of polyphony, unison are developed. The qualities of unity in intonation, diction, tuning, rhythmic organization and nuances are developed.

stage movement- group classes, where the musical-motor and artistic-creative dance abilities of students are formed. A sense of rhythm, emotional responsiveness to music, dance expressiveness, and coordination of movements develop. Dance moves are additional means of expression. Good general impression on the appearance of the performer, his mannerisms, his posture, gestures is essential for the successful performance of a vocal number.

Musical instrument –

Specialty "Academic singing".

academic singing- the old classical vocal school. Academic singers sing in the opera, in the academic choir, chapel, with a symphony orchestra, as well as in the genre of chamber vocal music. Academic vocals differ from pop vocals in their strictly classical position. Academic vocals do not involve singing into a microphone. In academic vocals, there are certain frameworks developed by the experience and history of vocal music. These limits, as a rule, do not allow the academic singer to use his voice in other vocal directions. With experience, an academic singer develops a certain vocal position, thanks to which the voice becomes very strong and acquires a large volume. However, in rare cases, academics can perform in other vocal genres if they can facilitate the presentation of the sound.

One of the most beautiful inventions of mankind is the choir. IN last years the choral movement in Russia is advancing. New bands are born, festivals and competitions are held. More and more young performers are interested in choral singing. Why? Probably because... First of all, the choir gives a person a feeling of happiness. We can say that choral singing has a healing effect. Well, children's choral singing is one of the real ways to form a physically and spiritually healthy young generation.
The choir is a special “cell of society”, like a big family, where each has its own unique voice, invests a part in creating a common harmony. The choir teaches you to know yourself and feel those around you. The peculiarity of choral art was correctly noticed by the famous Russian teacher - Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky:
“What a powerful tool is choral singing!
In a song, and especially in a choral song, there is in general not only something that enlivens and refreshes a person, but also something that organizes work, disposing friendly singers to a friendly cause.
And, finally, the choir - as the participants of this creative community themselves admit - it's just fun!

Children aged 6-8 years old are admitted to the department of choral singing and are trained according to the seven-year training program. The tasks of education include not only teaching this type of art. In the process, development children's voice, educational tasks are solved related to the problem of the formation of the student's personality, as well as the student's ability to subordinate his individuality to the tasks of the team, which manifests itself main point choral performance - collectivity.

Main subject - choir. Group lessons for 3.5 hours per week throughout the entire period of study. Here the love for choral singing is instilled in children. An atmosphere of creativity, mutual assistance, responsibility of each for the result of a common cause is being created.

Solfeggio

Musical literature(from grade 4 one lesson a week). This subject really has many points of contact with literature, history, and painting. After all, the entire history of the development of culture is inseparable from the development of musical art. On lessons musical literature children who are prone to humanities, in depth, at a professional level, study the history of art. Traveling from century to century, they get acquainted with the world's musical masterpieces and their creators. They freely orient themselves in such artistic movements like baroque, classicism, romanticism, modernism.

Vocal Ensemble - group lessons for 0.5 hours per week. Here the abilities for collective creativity are brought up, the skills of polyphony, unison are developed. The qualities of unity in intonation, diction, tuning, rhythmic organization and nuances are developed.

Vocals - individual lessons for 1 hour per week throughout the entire period of study. The purpose of the classes is to improve the vocal side of the sound of the entire choir through individual work with the singing voice of each child. This subject is especially recommended for promising students for a more complete disclosure of their singing potential (preparation of soloists for concerts and competitions), as well as for students who have problems in accumulating vocal and choral skills in group classes (an individual approach is required).

Musical instrument - any, at the request of the student. Private lessons 1 hour per week.

WITHspecialty "Folklore art".

Folk song creativity is the primary source that laid the foundation for Russian musical culture. In Russia, collective singing, like no other art, has always been close to the people, and already in the 15th century it reached a high level of development.
Describing Russian folk choral singing, it should be noted first of all its polyphonic basis, the use of primary sounds, the most convenient and natural sounding in the singing range. The singers flexibly "got along" with each other, so the singing was distinguished by the unity of sound, purity of intonation. The expressive intonation of the word, the melodiousness of the melody, which was saturated with timbre colors, gave folk singing a special warmth, penetration and sincerity.
Russian folk singing follows from the natural living intonation of speech, sound wave as if obeying the meaning of the sung word. Sound formation is only a consequence of the need to express a thought with a certain word, and a feeling - with intonation. At the same time, the singer strives for the greatest musical and dramatic unity of the word and melody, sound and timbre become a means of expression. The voice, as it were, is present next to the word, but never prevails over it. The word in Russian singing has always been a matter of special concern. The manner of performing Russian songs is characterized primarily by a careful attitude to the word. Through the word, its expressive intonation, the people conveyed their feelings - joy and reflection on life, revealed their spiritual richness and depth of character. Thanks to this, singing acquired deep meaning and sincerity.
It was on the basis of folk singing that the high professional choral culture of Russia and professional musical education historically developed.

The principles of the Russian singing school became especially clear in the second half of the 19th century, in the era of social upsurge. Chant during this period becomes even more characteristic and original side of Russian choral performance, which is also distinguished by a relaxed and free delivery of sound, the purity of intonation of a dynamically even and timbre-fused organ sound.
Folk singing has always been and remains to this day an integral part of national and world culture. Russian folk singing, in particular choral folk singing, has centuries-old traditions, deep spiritual content and a huge influence on the emotional, moral and spiritual mood of both performers and listeners. This is what explains the constant interest in the choral performance of folk works and determines its popularity.

Such a revival of love for national culture it is no coincidence and is no longer perceived as something exotic and purely decorative. Today folk culture again became the spiritual basis of society. Alluring, sincere, energetic live singing, choral and solo folk singing will not leave anyone indifferent. The purity of song forms, poetic lightness and bright lively energy - this is what distinguishes Russian folk singing.

To branch folk art children aged 8 - 11 years old are accepted and are trained according to the five-year training program.

Main subject - choir(2 hours per week) . Here develop musical ability students in collective form. Choral singing activates the ear, strengthens memory and develops creativity through the involvement of each student in intensive practical activities.

Solfeggio- obligatory theoretical subject (1.5 hours per week for the entire period of study). This academic discipline is aimed at developing hearing and mastering musical theory. Without it, it is impossible to imagine the upbringing of a full-fledged musician.

Folk art - group lessons from grade 2 one lesson a week. This subject is the basis for expanding the musical horizons, the formation of musical taste and professionalism. The study of folk art includes wide circle questions:

• acquaintance with the most significant and striking examples of Russian folklore.
• the study of its main genres, followed by practical application acquired knowledge in choral performing practice.
• brief musical characteristic folk genres.
• concept of rite, northern and southern traditions.
• the ability to navigate the structure of the rite.
• determine by the text of an unfamiliar song its genre affiliation.

The study of folklore genres is closely connected with examples from Russian musical classics.

Vocal Ensemble - group lessons for 0.5 hours per week. Here, a careful attitude to folk song art is brought up, the skills of polyphony, unison are developed. The qualities of unity in intonation, clear diction, tuning, rhythmic organization and nuances are developed. Work is underway on the folk performing style and techniques characteristic of folk singing.

Vocals - individual lessons for 1 hour per week throughout the entire period of study. The purpose of the lesson is to set the voice. The singer's musical instrument, the voice, functions according to the laws of physiology. The voice requires careful treatment, voice hygiene is a very important area for every singer. Vocal - technical development the student is carried out through systematic work to create the correct singing sound. It is necessary to teach the vocalist to understand the musical content of the work, the form, the ideological and emotional essence of the test.

Folklore choreography - group lessons for 2 hours a week. The study of the basics of folklore choreography expands the performance capabilities of students, forms the skills of performing dance elements in different styles introduces the history of folk dances. The main tasks are to get acquainted with the main elements of folk dance, get acquainted with the characteristic features dance art various regions of Russia, the acquisition of elementary skills for the stage performance of folk dance.

Musical instrument - any, at the request of the student. Private lessons 1 hour per week.

Teachers of the department of choral disciplines

	Nechaeva Tatyana Vladimirovna
	department head, vocal teacher, higher education, general work experience 28 years, work experience in the specialty 28 years, the highest qualification category. Head of vocal ensembles: "Smiley", "Confetti", "Duet", "Tangerines", "Danko"
	Gerasimenko Svetlana Viktorovna
	14 years of work experience, 14 years of professional experience, first qualification category. Head of choirs: "Cockerel", "Droplets", "Childhood", "Bell", "Capriccio", "Bambino".
	Solodkova Maria Vladimirovna
	vocal teacher, choir teacher, higher education, general 10 years of work experience, 10 years of experience in the specialty, second qualification category. Supervisor folklore ensemble Gorlinka.
	Chongova Evgenia Igorevna
	vocal and choir teacher of the folklore department. higher education, general 4 years of work experience, 4 years of work experience in the specialty. Head of the folklore ensemble "Maslenitsa"
	Becher Valery Isaakovich
	concertmaster of the folklore department, higher education, total work experience 39 years, work experience in the specialty 39 years,
	Chernitsyna Anna Vladimirovna
	teacher of theoretical disciplines of the folklore department, higher education, total work experience 21 years, work experience in the specialty 21 years,
	Golovina Elena Nikolaevna
	concertmaster of the department of vocal performance, higher education, general work experience 32 years, work experience in the specialty 32 years, the highest qualification category.
	Malakhova Galina Viktorovna
	teacher of theoretical disciplines of the vocal and choral departments, secondary special education, total work experience 42 years, work experience in the specialty 42 years, first qualifying category.

Music and vocal art

"Art - sole power, which takes
in their lovely hands not a mean mind
but the warm soul of a man."
A.I. Kuprin