Characteristics of Ivan Ivanovich from Gogol's story. Gogol "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich" - analysis

EXTERNAL FEATURES

Ivan Ivanovich: thin, tall, with a radish-like head turned tail down

Ivan Nikiforovich: slightly lower than Ivan Nikiforovich and wider, with a radish-like head turned upside down

PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS

Both heroes live in high material prosperity, so they do not have the habit of denying themselves anything. But such a life made them selfish: thoughts and reasoning mainly arise about how to entertain themselves, what they lack, how to diversify their lives.

ACTIONS, RELATIONSHIPS WITH PEOPLE, STATUS IN SOCIETY

Ivan Ivanovich: he treats the neighbor's children rather kindly, but in all other people he is looking for material or psychological benefits (for example, satisfaction from communication, from spending time).

He goes to church every Sunday (however, he talks to the beggars about their needs and never helps), He loves when they give him gifts. He is rather quick-tempered, he especially did not like the word "gander". Because of him, he quarreled with a once close friend for more than 12 years. Due to his property status, he is considered a decent, high-ranking person.

Ivan Nikiforovich: I have never been married and had no intention of getting married. The whole day lies, rests, sleeps for a long time. Lazy and idle. Despite great amount disagreements, communicates well with his neighbor Ivan Ivanovich, due to his high financial condition he occupies a high position in society, is very curious, although he hardly really worries about the people around him.

Ivan Ivanovich: The owner of a cultured, restrained speech, speaks extremely pleasantly ("like a dream after bathing")

Ivan Nikiforovich: he is more silent, but if he slaps his word somewhere, it will be sharp and "shave off better than any razor"

CHARACTERISTICS BY OTHER ACTORS

Ivan Ivanovich: Both the commissar and various " big people"When they travel nearby, they always stop by to visit him. Archpriest Father Peter speaks of him as a person who fulfills his Christian duty with exceptional accuracy, and that such an honest man he never met

Ivan Nikiforovich: There were often rumors that he got married, which was a pure lie. Anton Prokopyevich Pupopuz spoke of him as a man who dragged Ivan Ivanovich everywhere, claimed that they were like "the devil himself tied with a string"

Ivan Ivanovich: What a house he has in Mirgorod! Around it on all sides is a canopy for oak pillars under which benches are located everywhere. Always, when it became hot, Ivan Ivanovich rested there. In addition, he had a wonderful garden, and there was something in it! different trees - plums, cherries, cherries, a lot of vegetables and fruits, sunflowers, melons, pods, even a threshing floor and a forge.

Ivan Nikiforovich: His yard was not far from the yard of Ivan Ivanovich, from one to another it was possible to climb over the wattle fence, he has a barn, a goose house, the best pigeons lived in his yard, but the cleanliness left much to be desired: in some places there were watermelon peels, broken wheels , a hoop from a barrel.

SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT

Both characters were surrounded by high-ranking people who often visited them. They both communicated well with the commissioner, the priest, the judge.

Updated: 2016-12-23

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Analysis of the story by N.V. Gogol "How Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich"

Nikolai Vasilyevich Gogol is a writer whose name is associated with the birth of the genre of satire in literature. Of course, it existed before him, but in his work it acquired a special sound. Connecting with realistic images In fact, Gogol's satire flaunts vulgarity, stupidity and ignorance.

The story opens with enthusiastic descriptions of the costume, house and garden of I.I.

The same "good man" is his neighbor I.N .. He is not so much tall as "spreads in thickness." He is a couch potato and a grumbler, does not follow his speech. Nevertheless, the description of the main characters ends with the conclusion that they both beautiful people. And the more the author admires these people, the more clearly their worthlessness becomes visible.

Followed by great descriptions a miserable picture of the city provincial town Mirgorod, in which all events develop. The main attraction of the city is a huge puddle. It immediately becomes clear that the city is a mess and no one is watching the city. The carefree life of the landowners made them idlers, busy only thinking about how to dispel and amuse their lives.

With unsurpassed skill and humor, Gogol shows how lightning-fast of I.I. with I.N. become sworn enemies. As a result of quarrels, they file a lawsuit against each other.

With the emergence of a quarrel, the heroes of the story perked up, they had a goal in life - to win a lawsuit in court. But their cases are unlikely to be resolved in the foreseeable future. After all, the judge, without even reading the case, immediately signs it, officials take bribes from I.I. and with I.N..

The story ends with the words: "It's boring in this world, gentlemen," because in fact there were many such people throughout Russia and their existence left much to be desired.

Detailed solution Page 78-103p. in Literature for Grade 8 Students, authors Mushinskaya T.F., Perevoznaya E.V., Karatay S.N. 2011

What attitude did you have towards the characters in the story, and did it change as you read?

At first it seemed that this was a story about serious people, but then with each page you are convinced of the opposite.

Seriousness or buffoonery underlie the behavior of the characters?

We think that more buffoonery.

Are any of them trying to make fun of you?

In our opinion, no.

Why does the “funny” story end with the author’s words: “It’s boring in this world, gentlemen!”

Boring - because of the pettiness, stupidity and worthlessness of the life that Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich lead.

I. Try to figure out how N.V. Gogol manages to make you laugh, surprise, and then make you think.

First, look through the whole story chapter by chapter, restore in memory the main events, their connection, characters, descriptions, etc. Then study the text in more detail:

1.Reread the characteristics of the heroes and determine what is unusual, almost paradoxical (" Wonderful person Ivan Ivanovich! What kind of house does he have ... ”, etc.).

Ivan Ivanovich, according to the inhabitants of Mirgorod, "a wonderful person." But the narrator strains all his efforts in vain to prove this idea: he also says that Ivan Ivanovich has an amazing bekesha, and that his house and garden are very good, and that he loves melons and knows how to furnish them with ceremonial pleasure. : Records the day and date when the melon is eaten. Apparently, this useless exercise, showing only that Ivan Ivanovich has too much idle time, in the eyes of the narrator, meant the hero's great inclination towards order and housekeeping. Then excellent qualities Gogol's narrator tries to prove the hero's soul with piety and kindness. But from what follows it turns out that “piety” was reduced to the fact that on holidays he pulled up the chorus of singers with a bass, and “kindness” was expressed in the fact that he asked the beggars on the porch about their misfortunes, although he never gave anyone a penny. From the analysis of Gogol's further narration, we learn what Ivan Ivanovich fascinated the inhabitants of Mirgorod, he was the "soul" of the local society: he knew how to speak ornately, loved to show off and knew how to behave; he kept his dignity like no one else in the city; he knew how to get along with everyone and speak pleasantly to everyone ... True, “decency” is a relative thing, in different strata of society, “decency” means different things, and Gogol gave several examples of a ridiculous and ugly interpretation of this concept in Mirgorod: the height of decency was considered here , for example, to refuse the offered tea up to three times, and Ivan Ivanovich knew how to break down in front of a set cup with such dignity that an enthusiastic exclamation breaks out from a naive narrator: “Lord God! What an abyss of subtlety a person has! It is impossible to tell what a pleasant impression such actions make! .. Phew, you are an abyss! How can, how can a person maintain his dignity!

This ability to "maintain his dignity" was based in Ivan Ivanovich on the respect that he had for himself, for his small rank and rank. In addition, he quite seriously considered himself a “beautiful person”, pleasing to God and deserving respect from people. Ivan Ivanovich lived as a naive hypocrite and died pleased with himself, with complete faith in himself, not overshadowed by doubts, not disturbed. internal struggle which is born in the soul of a person who consciously looks into life.

And, meanwhile, this "pious" and "kind" man in Gogol's story gave half his life to a lawsuit with a friend-neighbor because of the word "gander"; he resorted to lies, slander, and bribery, he discovered in his "righteous" soul an abyss of rubbish. So, good qualities Gogol did not show the soul of Ivan Ivanovich. Before us is a person who is insignificant and therefore petty and conceited, idle, curious, stingy, callous and empty, with great conceit. And the reader of Gogol's story parted with him, finally losing faith that he was a "wonderful person."

Ivan Nikiforovich from the point of view of fellow citizens, he was also a “good” person, if only because he was overweight and motionless, half asleep most his life, not interested in anything, not touching anyone. In a small town, and this is already a great advantage when a person does not harm other people; because here, in this petty sphere, “great events” can break out from a trifle! But Gogol's further narration about the life of Ivan Nikiforovich about his clashes with former friend they expose in his soul a lot of small, evil qualities. This creature, almost half-animal, turns out to be stingy, stubborn, and a great litigator. A surge of anger even gives him strength and energy to conduct a lawsuit. And we are convinced that it was not love that bound friends, but “habit”, only thanks to chance their “friendship” was so long and thanks to chance (the arrival of Ivan Nikiforovich Agafia Fedoseevna, who finally quarreled friends) hostility became stubborn.

2.Read comparative characteristic heroes and find violations, alogism at the basis of the comparison (“Ivan Ivanovich has a somewhat timid character. Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, has trousers in such wide folds ...”, etc.).

Alogisms:

“Ivan Ivanovich is thin and tall; Ivan Nikiforovich is much lower, but spreads in width.

“Ivan Ivanovich has a somewhat timid character. Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, has trousers with such wide folds that if they were blown up, the whole yard with barns and buildings could be placed in them. »

3. What oddities and surprises in the behavior of different characters in the story did you notice (for example, “Do you know Agafia Fedoseevna? The one who bit off the assessor’s ear” or “... will make an inscription over a piece of paper with seeds “This melon is eaten .. .””)?

“Ivan Ivanovich is very angry if he gets a fly in the borscht: then he loses his temper - and he will throw the plate, and the owner will get it. Ivan Nikiforovich is extremely fond of swimming, and when he sits up to his neck in water, he also orders a table and a samovar to be put in the water, and he loves to drink tea in such a cool place.

Ivan Ivanovich, as it were, sympathizes with the beggars, but in fact he does not give them a penny.

Judge who, during judicial trial, talks about thrushes and, not listening to the case, signs it and takes bribes with both hands;

4. Pay attention to the involuntary movements and grimaces of the characters, as well as to the description appearance some objects, for example, a view of a street in Mirgorod, wattle, hung with different subjects, type of puddle, etc.

“Ivan Ivanovich could no longer control himself: his lips were trembling; mouth changed

the usual position of an Izhitsa, but became like O: his eyes blinked so much that he became frightened. This was extremely rare with Ivan Ivanovich. It was necessary for this to make him very angry. ”

If Ivan Ivanovich treats you with tobacco, he will always lick the lid of the snuffbox with his tongue in advance, then he will click on it with his finger and, raising it, will say, if you know him: “Do I dare to ask, my sovereign, for a favor?”; if they are unfamiliar, then: "Do I dare to ask, my sovereign, not having the honor to know the rank, name and fatherland, for a favor?"

“The wonderful city of Mirgorod! What buildings are not in it! And under the straw, and under the outline, even under the wooden roof; to the right is a street, to the left is a street, everywhere there is a beautiful wattle fence; hops curl around it, pots hang on it, because of

the sunflower shows its sun-shaped head, the poppy blushes, fat pumpkins flash by ... Luxury! The wattle fence is always adorned with objects that make it even more picturesque: either a pulled on plakhta, or a shirt, or bloomers. There is neither theft nor fraud in Mirgorod, and therefore everyone

hangs whatever he pleases. If you approach the square, then, surely, stop for a while to admire the view: there is a puddle on it, an amazing puddle! the only one you've ever seen! It occupies almost the entire area. Great puddle! Houses and cottages that can be seen from afar

mistaken for haystacks, crowding around, marveling at her beauty.

5. Find the strange and unusual in the names and surnames of the characters in the story.

Dorosh Tarasovich Pukhovichka, Anton Prokofievich Pupopuz, Ivan Nikiforovich Dovgochkhun.

6. Remember the episode when the animal unexpectedly intervenes in the development of the action (plot). How can you interpret such a device by Gogol?

Ivan Ivanovich's pig ran into the room and grabbed and ate Ivan Nikiforovich's petition. The author introduces this funny episode using the grotesque technique. This makes the reader laugh at the absurdity and stupidity of what is happening.

7.Reread the retelling of the petitions of Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich to the court and find in them the strange and unexpected.

In the petitions, both ask to put the offenders in jail and “shackle” - “shackle”, Ivan Nikiforovich accuses Ivan Ivanovich of indecent relatives.

8. Pay attention to the originality of Gogol's comparisons (for example, "a nose in the form of a ripe plum", etc.).

Based on your observations, draw a conclusion about the features of Gogol's humor, name some artistic techniques by which the depicted circumstances and people cause laughter and bewilderment.

Gogol does not give a vague sketch of the hero's appearance, but a clear drawing in which the weight of the decisive features stand out strongly and visibly. The writer does not strive for excessive saturation of the portrait with many details, he shows several of the most characteristic, memorable features: “Ivan Ivanovich is thin and tall; Ivan Nikiforovich is a little lower, but it spreads in thickness. Ivan Ivanovich's head looks like a radish with its tail down, Ivan Nikiforovich's head looks like a radish with its tail up.

Strive to create a tangible appearance actor, Gogol resorts to comparing it with the objective world, which emphasizes the "stupidity" of the hero. Here, for example, is a portrait of Lafia Fedoseevna: “Her whole camp looked like a tub, and therefore it was as difficult to find her waist as to see your nose without a mirror. Her legs were short, shaped like two pillows.

І. Try to understand why it becomes sad at the end of the story.

1. How can one evaluate from the standpoint of common sense the reason for the quarrel between two friends?

Scrupulous in matters of noble honor, Ivan Ivanovich was deeply offended by the word "Gusak", sounded to him from Ivan Nikiforovich.

2. Describe their way of life, inclinations, customs. What prevails in the vital interests, needs of all the nobles of Mirgorod?

In the story about the quarrel between Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich, Gogol draws not " Noble Nest”, and in all its nakedness represents the bleak life of the provincial “existents” county town. She is not illuminated by any supreme interests. This is a quiet swamp, which should not be stirred up, otherwise dirt will rise from the bottom! Their life is empty. All the interests of its inhabitants are reduced to food, sleep, to idle chatter. In this meaningless life, every little thing is great value hence the love for gossip, petty slander, hence the development among the inhabitants of the city of such petty feelings as envy, suspicion, resentment ... In such a sphere there is no place for deep and lasting feelings, a trifle is enough for friendship to turn into enmity.

A person who has even settled down in this world still sometimes gets bored, and then he clings to every gossip, every word that escapes, every hint, in order to inflate “new” feelings in himself, to fill his idle life with them. Takova psychological idea this funny and sad story Gogol. In "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich" it turned out that one word "gander" was enough for two friends, "the honor and decoration of Mirgorod", to quarrel for life and each find the purpose and meaning of life in litigation, stubborn, ruinous and implacable ...

3. What actions did the quarreling neighbors plot and take against each other? Why couldn't they be reconciled?

The fight becomes for both

Ivanov the meaning of life, they spend all their strength and means on it.

into a dreary judicial routine. Each of the opponents

strengthens the defense of his territory, and Ivan Nikiforovich also builds a goose barn near the fence, obviously with an offensive purpose. Then Ivan Ivanovich under cover " Ukrainian night sneaks into the barn with a saw and destroys it. Of course, the actions of heroes

After the destruction of the barn, the "war" passes into the paper stage. To the complete amazement of all Mirgorod, both yesterday's friends write monstrous complaints against each other, demanding nothing more, nothing less than the imprisonment of the enemy and sending him to hard labor.

to Siberia. The situation becomes completely absurd when Ivan Nikiforovich's petition is suddenly kidnapped by a brown pig.

Society makes various attempts to reconcile the warring neighbors. At the assembly at the mayor's office, this was almost done. Gogol describes the city ball with epic scope. The reconciliation of the enemies almost happened, but at the most decisive moment, Ivan Nikiforovich again accidentally uttered the fatal word "gander". According to the author, everything went to hell ...

1. Carefully reread the end of the story: “Five years ago, I passed through the city of Mirgorod. I was driving...” to the end. Determine the mood of the traveling narrator. With what feeling did he perceive old acquaintances and what was his reaction to their confidence in the end of the lawsuit?

His mood was heavy, a premonition of something unpleasant. The narrator meets two gray-haired old men and with amazement recognizes in them the former "wonderful" people. Each of the Ivanovs is in a hurry to announce that the court case is about to be decided in his favor. Author

draws joyless autumn landscape and exclaims: "It's boring

this world, gentlemen! Gogol managed to vividly show the grinding

of man and society, to ridicule the ridiculous provincial townsfolk.

However, behind Gogol's satire there is also a deeper

to make the world a better place.

2. What associations does it evoke in you verbal image"sick day" and what artistic means Gogol depicts (recreates) him?

Bad, heavy, painful. The author recreates it with a display of raw dirty autumn. Uses epithets: unnatural greenery, boring rains, liquid network, touching friendship, sad pretense, gray mass of dirt, unpleasant sound, tearful hopeless sky.

*** Additional questions ***

1. Try to find differences in the position and assessments of the narrator and the narrator.

The story in this story is conducted by Gogol on behalf of some inhabitant of the city of Mirgorod; his personality emerges from his narrative: he is a stupid, naive, talkative person, who lives the life of Mirgorod all the way, and from a philistine point of view, looking at everything that happens here.

An analysis of the characters' characters, a description of their life, a description of other inhabitants of the city of Mirgorod, their activities, entertainment, is something remarkable precisely because it outlines not only Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich, but also the narrator himself. Gogol's characterization reveals in him a person who lives by the gossip of Mirgorod life, unable to distinguish the small from the large, the essential from the insignificant. As a result, the comparison of two characters, in his mouth, is a heap without a system and a plan of all kinds of spiritual and bodily qualities of both heroes; spiritual traits are mixed with physical signs, habits, even with the features of the costume. All these details, taken separately, are curious and explain not only the two heroes, their lives, habits, the wretched content of their souls, but also other Mirgorod inhabitants, who, out of boredom, out of idleness, studied each other to the smallest detail. They know what each of their acquaintances will say when handing each other a snuffbox, they know what it is customary to say to a Jew who sells an elixir against fleas ... This is life, stupefying with its monotony, its poverty. Impossible rumors are born in this environment (for example, that Ivan Nikiforovich was born with a tail), which are so popular that they have to be seriously challenged. This environment depicted by Gogol is completely helpless in assessing moral qualities a person, she can consider a callous person to be kind and “pious”, she can consider a wealthy person to be “beautiful”; this milieu still believes in the authority of the commissar and the time considers such historical events, like a trip of some Agafia Fedoseevna to Kyiv. According to Gogol, Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich are "the honor and decoration of Mirgorod." From here we can conclude about the desire of the author in the person of these two typical "existents" to portray the "best" people of Mirgorod; in them, as in an analytical focus, everything is collected that is characteristic, everything that is peculiar, which the local inhabitant has looked closely at, with which he is related, but which strikes a fresh person... refrain from caricature, from that subjectivism, which only at the end of the story breaks through in the author's exclamation: "It's boring to live in this world, gentlemen!"

2. Match the title “The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich” with the final phrase “It’s boring in this world, gentlemen!” and show the deep connection between them.

3.Which side human life discovered Gogol in his story?

4. Is there a connection this work with the story "The Night Before Christmas"? Literary critics talk about fantasy in the realistic works of Gogol. “Fiction,” writes Yu. Mann, a researcher of the writer’s work, “has gone into everyday life, into things, into people’s behavior and into their way of thinking and speaking.” What, then, is “fantastic” in “The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich”?

There is a certain connection - in both works the author vividly reveals the colorful images of people, residents of the fictional village of Mirgorod, and each of them has its own peculiarity and originality. No wonder Mirgorod is like a city-world where you can see and meet a variety of things.

"Fantastic" in the story (According to Yu. Manu) - the way of life of both Ivans, their household, farmstead, life, description of both courtyards, comparison of their characters.

In The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich, the life of a provincial province is completely devoid of that softening illumination, which in The Old World Landowners was the result of Gogol's personal sympathies and memoirs.

In the story about the quarrel between Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich, Gogol does not draw a “noble nest”, but in all his nakedness represents the bleak life of the provincial “existents” of the county town. An analysis of this life shows that it is not illuminated by any higher interests. There is not a trace of that captivating simplicity and cordiality that illuminates the life of old-world landowners in Gogol, this work depicts a broken existence, shackled by decency, enslaved to gossip and malice ... This is a quiet swamp that should not be stirred up, otherwise dirt will rise from the bottom! The heroes of The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich cannot live their lives as peacefully as the old-world landowners lived, although the life they lead in this county town, in essence, is not much different from the life of Afanasy Ivanovich and Pulcheria Ivanovna.

"The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich." Feature Film 1941

IN literary analysis Gogol, this life appears just as idle. All the interests of its inhabitants are reduced to food, sleep, to idle chatter. In this meaningless life, every little thing is of great importance, hence the love for gossip, petty slander, hence the development among the inhabitants of the city of such petty feelings as envy, suspicion, resentment ... In such a sphere there is no place for deep and lasting feelings, a trifle is enough to to turn friendship into enmity.

A person who has even settled down in this world still sometimes gets bored, and then he clings to every gossip, every word that escapes, every hint, in order to inflate “new” feelings in himself, to fill his idle life with them. Such is the psychological idea of this funny and sad story by Gogol. In “The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich,” it turned out that one word “gander” was enough for two friends, “the honor and decoration of Mirgorod,” to quarrel for life and each find the goal and meaning of life in a stubborn lawsuit, devastating and irreconcilable...

All these details, taken separately, are curious and explain not only the two heroes, their lives, habits, the wretched content of their souls, but also other Mirgorod inhabitants, who, out of boredom, out of idleness, studied each other to the smallest detail. They know what each of their acquaintances will say when handing each other a snuffbox, they know what it is customary to say to a Jew who sells an elixir against fleas ... This is life, stupefying with its monotony, its poverty. Impossible rumors are born in this environment (for example, that Ivan Nikiforovich was born with a tail), which are so popular that they have to be seriously challenged. This environment depicted by Gogol is completely helpless in assessing the moral qualities of a person, it can consider a callous person to be kind and “pious”, it can consider a wealthy person to be “beautiful”; this environment still believes in the authority of the commissar and considers time to be such historical events as the trip of some Agafia Fedoseyevna to Kyiv. According to Gogol, Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich are "the honor and decoration of Mirgorod." From here we can conclude about the desire of the author in the person of these two typical "existents" to portray the "best" people of Mirgorod; in them, as in an analytical focus, everything characteristic, everything peculiar is collected, to which the local inhabitant has looked narrowly, with which he is related, but which strikes a fresh person ...

The naivety of the story is masterfully sustained by Gogol: it allows the author to hide the condemnation of this life, allows him to refrain from caricature, from that subjectivism that only at the end of the story breaks through in the author’s exclamation: “it’s boring to live in this world, gentlemen!”

Image of Ivan Ivanovich

On the analysis of the image of Ivan Ivanovich Gogol drew Special attention. He gives him a large independent characteristic and talks a lot about him, comparing him with Ivan Nikiforovich. First of all, he, according to the inhabitants of Mirgorod, is "a wonderful person." But the narrator strains all his efforts in vain to prove this idea: he also says that Ivan Ivanovich has an amazing bekesha, and that his house and garden are very good, and that he loves melons and knows how to furnish them with ceremonial pleasure. : Records the day and date when the melon is eaten. Apparently, this useless exercise, showing only that Ivan Ivanovich has too much idle time, in the eyes of the narrator, meant the hero's great inclination towards order and housekeeping. Then Gogol's narrator tries to prove the wonderful qualities of the hero's soul with piety and kindness. But from what follows it turns out that “piety” was reduced to the fact that on holidays he pulled up the chorus of singers with a bass, and “kindness” was expressed in the fact that he asked the beggars on the porch about their misfortunes, although he never gave anyone a penny. From the analysis of Gogol's further narration, we learn what Ivan Ivanovich fascinated the inhabitants of Mirgorod, he was the "soul" of the local society: he knew how to speak ornately, loved to show off and knew how to behave; he kept his dignity like no one else in the city; he knew how to get along with everyone and speak pleasantly to everyone ... True, “decency” is a relative thing, in different strata of society, “decency” means different things, and Gogol gave several examples of a ridiculous and ugly interpretation of this concept in Mirgorod: the height of decency was considered here , for example, to refuse the offered tea up to three times, and Ivan Ivanovich knew how to break down in front of a set cup with such dignity that an enthusiastic exclamation breaks out from a naive narrator: “Lord God! What an abyss of subtlety a person has! It is impossible to tell what a pleasant impression such actions make! .. Phew, you are an abyss! How can, how can a person maintain his dignity!

This ability to "maintain his dignity" was based in Ivan Ivanovich on the respect that he had for himself, for his small rank and rank. In addition, he quite seriously considered himself a “beautiful person”, pleasing to God and deserving respect from people. This "pharisaism" of Ivan Ivanovich is his characteristic feature. Even a cursory analysis of his image shows: Ivan Ivanovich was not a conscious “Tartuffe”, he lived as a naive hypocrite and died pleased with himself, with complete faith in himself, not overshadowed by doubts, not disturbed by the internal struggle that is born in the soul of a person who consciously looks into life.

And, meanwhile, this "pious" and "kind" man in Gogol's story gave half his life to a lawsuit with a friend-neighbor because of the word "gander"; he resorted to lies, slander, and bribery, he discovered in his "righteous" soul an abyss of rubbish. So, Gogol did not show the good qualities of the soul of Ivan Ivanovich. Before us is a person who is insignificant and therefore petty and conceited, idle, curious, stingy, callous and empty, with great conceit. And the reader of Gogol's story parted with him, finally losing faith that he was a "wonderful person."

Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich. Illustration for Gogol's story

The image of Ivan Nikiforovich

Less space is given by Gogol in the story to the analysis of the image of Ivan Nikiforovich. This "philistine" did not differ in the secular merits of Ivan Ivanovich, but, from the point of view of his fellow citizens, he was also a "good" person, if only because he was overweight and motionless, half asleep, lay in his bed for most of his life, not interested in anything without touching anyone. In a small town, and this is already a great advantage when a person does not harm other people; because here, in this petty sphere, “great events” can break out from a trifle! But Gogol's further narration about the life of Ivan Nikiforovich, about his clashes with a former friend, reveals a lot of small, evil qualities in his soul. This creature, almost half-animal, turns out to be stingy, stubborn, and a great litigator. A surge of anger even gives him strength and energy to conduct a lawsuit. And we are convinced that it was not love that bound friends, but “habit”, only thanks to chance their “friendship” was so long and thanks to chance (the arrival of Ivan Nikiforovich Agafia Fedoseyevna, who finally quarreled friends), the enmity became stubborn ... No wonder that Gogol, refreshed by the interests of higher cultural life, could not look at his heroes through the eyes of the "narrator" of the story, through the eyes of Mirgorod, he felt sad for those millions of humanity who everywhere, not only here in Russia, lead the life of Mirgorod, and he let out a bitter exclamation: "boring in this world gentlemen!

Other heroes of "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich"

In addition to two friends, Gogol brought out several more in the story. typical heroes. The judge who, during the trial, talks about thrushes and, without hearing the case, signs it and takes bribes with both hands; a mayor, a well-trained soldier, a good-natured robber who every day asks the quarters if a button from his uniform, which he has lost for two years, has been found; officials and inhabitants of the city, from the most dignitary to the smallest, all this is masterfully depicted. All these images, scenes from the life of the city (district court, assembly in the mayor’s house) are the background of desolate vulgarity and pettiness, against which two friends “honor and adornment of Mirgorod” stand out so brightly. If in “Old World Landowners” the reader was bribed by the pigeon purity of the characters, their lack of claims, then in “The Tale of How Ivan Ivanovich Quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich” the vulgarity of life is not covered by anything. The simplicity of unconsciousness has been replaced here by a ridiculous distortion of the former patriarchal life by new concepts of honor, of the dignity of a nobleman and an official, by vague, unfounded, ugly concepts, which in Gogol's artistic analysis even more clearly, even more obviously and bleakly represent the abyss of vulgarity that affects these claims.

Thus, if we compare this story with the story " old world landowners”, we will be convinced that not a shadow of sympathy for this life is noticeable in the author’s attitude towards it. In The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich, Gogol consistently and consciously condemned the "vulgarity of a vulgar person." Here, for the first time, his ability to “call out everything that is every minute before our eyes and that indifferent eyes do not see, all the terrible amazing mire of trifles that have entangled our lives, the whole depth of cold, fragmented, everyday characters” definitely affected. Thus, in "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich" we must note the cash characteristic feature Gogol's laughter, "laughter through tears." Here there is no poetic idealization of life that we meet in Evenings on a Farm, not from a festive, but from an everyday, vulgar side, Gogol draws his Ukraine in these essays. This is no longer the carefree humor that illuminates many of the stories of “Evenings on a Farm near Dikanka”, this is the bitter laughter of a person yearning for the spiritual poverty of a person. For Gogol, as a person, the composition of such a story is very characteristic: if a young man he was torn from this sphere of vulgar inhabitants into some other better world « true people", now, illuminated by the ideals of these the best people, Gogol, with his analysis, descended into the world of "existents" in order to understand their souls, to look at them "not with indifferent eyes", but with the gaze of a humane-minded person. That is why there is no satire, no denunciation, no judgment in the depiction of the heroes of Mirgorod, there is only pity for them, pity for humanity in general...

Literary history "The story of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich"

Literary history this story is quite clear. The vivid impressions of provincial Little Russian life, collected by Gogol in 1832, when he visited his homeland, gave him colors for depicting those images, the insignificance of which he felt even as a young man. Already before him, the writer Narezhny in the story "Two Ivans, or Passion for Litigation" took as a plot litigation, which is characteristic of a person who lives by petty interests. The fact that Gogol also depicts two Ivans in the person of heroes and depicts the same phenomenon, obviously characteristic of the Little Russian outback - a passion for litigation - allows us to assert that "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich", in literary terms, depended on the work of Narezhny. But comparative analysis both works convinces that for Gogol the story of Narezhny was only a theme, a canvas on which he embroidered independent drawings, a hint turned into a vivid artistic picture.

Gogol's "borrowing" from Narezhny was especially evident in the following episode: at Narezhny, one of the Ivanovs sets fire to the enemy's mill; at Gogol, Ivan Ivanovich saws the goose barn of Ivan Nikiforovich. The psychology of both heroes, who carry out their “hellish plans” at night, is approximately similarly developed by both writers. In addition, Gogol probably borrowed something from other writers of the 18th and 19th centuries, so the image of a hanger-on who is punched in the nose for fun, resembles the hero of the old novel The Unfortunate Nicanor, and one introductory hero in the novel A Izmailov "Eugene".

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Stylistic analysis of the work of N. V. Gogol "The Tale of how Ivan Ivanovich quarreled with Ivan Nikiforovich" Completed by: Student of the 8 "B" class of the City Classical Gymnasium in Yakutsk Vasilyeva Lada

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Relevance This year marks the 205th anniversary of the birth of Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol, the great Russian writer. In honor of anniversary date, I would like to show the strength and depth visual means Gogol's speeches, as well as conduct a survey to find out how popular he is in modern society.

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Goals and objectives: Goal: Make stylistic analysis story to show the power and depth of the author's figurative means of speech Task: Find out how popular N.V. Gogol is in modern society, through social. survey

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I. History of creation First published in A.F. Smirdin's almanac "Housewarming" (1834), later included in the collection "Mirgorod" in 1835 with minor stylistic corrections. The story contains the depth and accuracy of realistic sketches, humor, a free palette of visual and expressive means. An important methodological conclusion follows from the foregoing: the recognition of the organic unity of the components of the category of the author's image, i.e., the ideological content, composition (images) and language tools their expression, and the need for a holistic study of the text in the interaction of elements of the corresponding levels.

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II. Main idea Reveal noble society, revealing his moral emptiness, laziness, the absence of any useful activity and real goals in life. N.V. Gogol describes in bright satirical language how two respectable residents of Mirgorod actually turn out to be ordinary non-smokers. Sometimes in this story they see simply funny story. This is not true. Gogol's lyricism and humor here turn into "laughter through tears", into satire. Last phrase"It's boring in this world, gentlemen!" - conveys the main idea of the work.

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III. Composition The simple plot is developed in seven chapters with a preface and an epilogue. Composition is the link between ideological content and the language of the story. The figurative saturation and depth of the language of the story, its ornamentality encourage the reader to slow, creative reading, to the perception of the unique expressiveness of the language of the story. Composition is an important factor aesthetic impact on the reader. Therefore, one can speak of the poetic nature of the forms of the composition itself, given through the language, but not coming from it, that is, not from verbal imagery as such.

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IV. Devices The beginning of the story is an example of Gogol's ornamental prose. This is a whole firework of repetitions, exclamations, enthusiastic intonations, rhythmic diversity: Glorious bekesha from Ivan Ivanovich! Excellent! And what embarrassment! Fu you abyss, what embarrassment!... Wonderful man Ivan Ivanovich! What a house he has in Mirgorod!... What apple and pear trees he has right under his windows!... A wonderful man, Ivan Ivanovich!... A very good man, Ivan Nikiforovich, too. His yard is near the yard of Ivan Ivanovich.

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Reception is continued by parallelism; a comparison of the heroes gives rise to an antithesis: Ivan Ivanovich has an extraordinary gift for speaking extremely pleasantly ... Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, is more silent, but if he slaps a word, then just hold on: he will shave off better than any razor. Ivan Ivanovich is thin and tall; Ivan Nikiforovich is a little lower, but it spreads in thickness. Ivan Ivanovich's head is like a radish with its tail down; head of Ivan Nikiforovich on a radish with his tail up ...

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The “lulling parallelism” suddenly breaks off with alogism, which creates a discrepancy between the grammatical and semantic movement of speech. Structurally, the comparison is continued, semantically it is meaningless and therefore gives rise to irony: Ivan Ivanovich is very angry if a fly gets into his borscht: then he loses his temper and throws a plate, and the owner will get it. Ivan Nikiforovich is extremely fond of swimming, and when he sits up to his neck in water, he orders a table and a samovar to be put in the water, and he loves to drink tea in such a cool ... Ivan Ivanovich has a somewhat timid character. Ivan Nikiforovich, on the contrary, has trousers with such wide folds that if they were blown up, the whole yard with barns and buildings could be placed in them.

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The formal structure of the text adjusts to comparison, the semantic structure separates it, which is also emphasized by the method of hyperbolization. Further, the comparison again enters the former parallel of the ironic narrative and even reveals the similarities of the characters: if Ivan Ivanovich treats you with tobacco, he will always lick the lid of the snuffbox with his tongue in advance, then click on it with his finger and, raising it, will say if you know him: “I dare Should I ask, my lord, for a favor? ”If they are unfamiliar, then:“ Do I dare to ask, my lord, not having the honor to know the rank, name and patronymic, for a favor? Ivan Nikiforovich gives you his horn directly into your hands and adds only "please." Both Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich really dislike fleas ... However, despite some differences, both Ivan Ivanovich and Ivan Nikiforovich are wonderful people.

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The entire structure of the story is permeated by compositional parallelism-repetition. He becomes important artistic characteristic text. For example, the fourth chapter is built on such a parallelism: “I, Demyan Demyanovich,” Ivan Ivanovich said, drinking his last sip: “I have the necessary business for you: I give poses” ... “Who is it for?” “On Ivan Nikiforovich Dovgochkhun” At these words, the judge almost fell off his chair ... A little later, Ivan Nikiforovich appears: “What fate! What and how? How is your health, Ivan Nikiforovich?” ... “With a request ...” Ivan Nikiforovich could only utter. "With a request? With what? “With a call ...” here shortness of breath made a long pause: “oh! .. With a call to the swindler ... Ivan Ivanovich Perepenok” ... The judge crossed himself.

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Other important compositional technique is a discrepancy between true meaning words and their use in specific situation. This technique permeates the structure of the story: “Hm! Why do you want bread?" Ivan Ivanovich usually asked. - “How not to want! Hungry like a dog." - "Hm!" Ivan Ivanovich usually answered: “So maybe you want some meat too?” - "Yes, whatever your mercy gives, I will be satisfied with everything." – “Hm! Is it meat better than bread? - “Where is the hungry to sort it out. Anything you wish is fine." At the same time, the old woman usually held out her hand. “Well, go with God,” Ivan Ivanovich said: “Why are you standing there? After all, I don’t beat you! .. "

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V. Image of the author The face of the narrator, his "speech mask" manifests itself in different varying degrees: from a calm tale to a sharp intervention in the course of events. The narrator's speech creates a sense of "family closeness". The characters are simply called by their first and last names. Behind the ornamentality of the image, the figurative richness of speech, the "weaving of words" there is nothing here, except for the mockery of the narrator. The reader gets as close as possible to what is depicted: he is, as it were, “his own” person and knows a lot; he only needs to be reminded of something: He sewed it back when Agafia Fedoseevna did not go to Kyiv. Do you know Agafia Fedoseyevna? The one that bit off the chairman's ear.

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Another one important function the author's speech, in which the face of the narrator appears, is an evaluative opposition of the landowner-serf society moral ideals author, exposing the vulgarity of life and spiritual emptiness: Meanwhile, an extremely important occasion for the whole Mirgorod. The mayor gave the assembly! Where can I get brushes and paints to depict the diversity of the congress and the magnificent feast? .. What chaises and wagons were not there! One - the back is wide, and the front is narrow; the other - the back is narrow, and the front is wide. One was both the chaise and the wagon together; no other chaise, no wagon... And how many ladies there were! Swarthy and white-faced, long and short ... How many caps! How many dresses! Red ones, yellow ones, coffee ones… new ones, turned over, recut, shawls, ribbons, reticules! Farewell, poor eyes! You will be no good after this performance.