Chopin is a work of desire when written. Unsurpassed melody maker
Frederic Francois Chopin Born on March 1 (or February 22), 1810 in the village of Zhelyazova-Wola, near Warsaw - died on October 17, 1849 in Paris. Polish composer and virtuoso pianist, teacher.
Author of numerous works for piano. The largest representative of the Polish musical art. He interpreted many genres in a new way: he revived the prelude on a romantic basis, created a piano ballad, poeticized and dramatized dances - mazurka, polonaise, waltz; turned the scherzo into independent work. Enriched harmony and piano texture; combined classic form with melodic richness and fantasy.
Chopin's compositions include 2 concertos (1829, 1830), 3 sonatas (1828-1844), fantasy (1842), 4 ballads (1835-1842), 4 scherzos (1832-1842), impromptu, nocturnes, etudes, waltzes, mazurkas, polonaises, preludes and other works for piano, songs.
Chopin, before leaving for the west, lived on the territory that was part of the Russian Empire, due to the fact that Poland ceased to exist as a state back in 1795, and Warsaw, following the results Napoleonic Wars, was located on the territory that had ceded to the Russian Empire.
In 1830, news arrived that an uprising for independence had broken out in Poland. Chopin dreams of returning to his homeland and taking part in the battles. The preparations are over, but on the way to Poland he was caught by terrible news: the uprising was crushed, the leader was taken prisoner. Chopin deeply believed that his music would help his native people achieve victory. "Poland will be brilliant, powerful, independent!" - so he wrote in his diary. Frederic Chopin's last public concert took place on November 16, 1848 in London. The composer bequeathed that his heart be transported to Poland after his death.
The composer's father, Nicolas Chopin (1771-1844), from a simple family, moved from France to Poland in his youth.
Since 1802, he lived on the estate of Count Skarbek Zhelyazov-Vol, where he worked as a teacher of the count's children.
In 1806 Nicolas Chopin married Justine Krzyzanowska (1782-1861), a distant relative of the Skarbeks Tekla. The Krzyzhanovski (Krzhizhanovski) family of the Pig coat of arms dates back to the 14th century and owned the village of Krzyzhanovo near Koscian.
Vladimir Krzhizhanovsky, the nephew of Justina Krzyzhanovskaya, also belonged to the Krzyzhanovsky family. According to the surviving evidence, the composer's mother received a good education, owned French, was extremely musical, played the piano well, possessed beautiful voice. Frederick owes his first musical impressions to his mother, the love of folk melodies instilled from infancy.
In the autumn of 1810, some time after the birth of his son, Nicolas Chopin moved to Warsaw. In the Warsaw Lyceum, thanks to the patronage of the Skarbeks, he got a place after the death of the teacher, Pan Mahe. Chopin was a French teacher and German And French literature, maintained a boarding school for pupils of the lyceum.
The intelligence and sensitivity of the parents soldered all family members with love and had a beneficial effect on the development of gifted children. In addition to Frederick, there were three sisters in the Chopin family: the eldest - Ludwika, married to Endzheevich, who was especially close to him devoted friend, and the younger ones - Isabella and Emilia. The sisters had versatile abilities, and Emilia, who died early, had an outstanding literary talent.
Already in childhood, Chopin showed extraordinary musical ability. He was surrounded special attention and care. Likewise, he amazed those around him with musical "obsession", inexhaustible fantasy in improvisations, and innate pianism. His susceptibility and musical impressionability manifested themselves violently and unusually. He could cry while listening to music, jump up at night to pick up a memorable melody or chord on the piano.
In its January issue for 1818, one of the Warsaw newspapers published a few lines about the first piece of music composed by a composer who was studying back in primary school. “The author of this Polonaise,” the newspaper wrote, “is a student who is not yet 8 years old. This is a real genius of music, with the greatest ease and exceptional taste. He performs the most difficult piano pieces and composes dances and variations that delight connoisseurs and connoisseurs. If this child prodigy had been born in France or Germany, he would have drawn more attention to himself.
The young Chopin was taught music by giving him big hopes. The pianist Wojciech Zhivny (1756-1842), a Czech by birth, began to study with a 7-year-old boy. The classes were serious, despite the fact that Chopin, in addition, studied at one of the Warsaw schools. Performing talent the boy developed so quickly that by the age of twelve Chopin was not inferior to the best Polish pianists. Zhivny refused to study with the young virtuoso, saying that he could teach him nothing more.
After graduating from college and completing seven years of studies with Zhivny, Chopin began his theoretical studies with the composer Josef Elsner.
The patronage of Prince Anton Radziwill and the princes Chetvertinsky introduced Chopin into high society, who was impressed by the charming appearance and refined manners of Chopin.
Here is what Franz Liszt said about it: « General impression his personality was quite calm, harmonious and did not seem to require additions in any comments. Blue eyes Chopin shone more with intelligence than they were veiled with thoughtfulness; his soft and thin smile never turned bitter or sarcastic. The subtlety and transparency of his complexion tempted everyone; he had curly blonde hair, slightly rounded nose; he was of small stature, frail, thin build. His manners were refined, varied; the voice is a little tired, often muffled. His manners were full of such decency, they had such a seal of blood aristocracy that he was involuntarily met and received like a prince ... to no interests. Chopin was usually cheerful; his sharp mind quickly found the funny even in such manifestations that not everyone catches the eye..
Trips to Berlin, Dresden, Prague, where he attended concerts outstanding musicians contributed to its development.
Since 1829, Chopin's artistic activity began. He performs in Vienna, Krakow, performing his works. Returning to Warsaw, he leaves it forever on November 5, 1830. This separation from his homeland was the cause of his constant hidden grief - longing for his homeland. To this was added at the end of the thirties a love for, which gave him more grief than happiness in addition to parting with his bride.
Having passed Dresden, Vienna, Munich, he arrived in Paris in 1831. On the way, Chopin wrote a diary (the so-called "Stuttgart Diary") reflecting his state of mind during his stay in Stuttgart, where he was overcome by despair due to the collapse of the Polish uprising. During this period, Chopin wrote his famous "Revolutionary Etude".
Chopin gave his first concert in Paris at the age of 22. The success was complete. Chopin rarely performed in concerts, but in the salons of the Polish colony and the French aristocracy, Chopin's fame grew extremely rapidly. There were composers who did not recognize his talent, such as Kalkbrenner and John Field, but this did not stop Chopin from gaining many loyal fans, both in artistic circles and in society. The love of teaching music and pianism was the hallmark of Chopin, one of the few great artists who devoted much time to it.
In 1837, Chopin felt the first attack of a lung disease (most likely it was tuberculosis). The connection with George Sand (Aurora Dupin) coincides with this time. Staying in Mallorca with George Sand had a negative impact on Chopin's health, he suffered from bouts of illness there. However, many greatest works, including 24 preludes, were created on this Spanish island. But he spent a lot of time in the countryside in France, where George Sand had an estate in Nohant.
A ten-year cohabitation with George Sand, full of moral trials, greatly undermined Chopin's health, and the break with her in 1847, in addition to causing him considerable stress, deprived him of the opportunity to rest in Nohant.
Wanting to leave Paris in order to change the situation and expand his circle of acquaintances, Chopin went to London in April 1848 to give concerts and teach. This turned out to be his last trip. Success, a nervous, stressful life, a damp British climate, and most importantly, a chronic lung disease that periodically worsened - all this finally undermined his strength. Returning to Paris, Chopin died on October 5 (17), 1849.
About Chopin deeply mourned the whole music world. Thousands of fans of his work gathered at his funeral. According to the wish of the deceased, at his funeral famous artists of that time, Mozart's Requiem, a composer whom Chopin put above all others, was performed (and he called his Requiem and the Jupiter symphony his favorite works), and his own prelude No. 4 (E minor) was also performed. In the Père Lachaise cemetery, Chopin's ashes rest between the graves of Luigi Cherubini and Bellini. Chopin's heart was, according to his will, sent to Warsaw, where it was walled up in a column of the Church of the Holy Cross.
Talking about the great pianists, one cannot fail to mention the biography of Chopin. Without it, the world would be a much poorer place. He lived very little - he did not even live to forty. But those who lived at the same time as him have sunk into oblivion, but his name remains. And it became a household name as the name of the creator of the piano ballad genre.
Frederic Chopin is a famous Polish composer and pianist. He was born back in 1810, and from the very young years started playing music. So, for example, at the age of seven he already composed, and from the age of eight he began to give concerts.
Nicolas Chopin, the father of the now famous Frederic, was a Pole of French origin. He himself was the son of a wheelmaker, François Chopin, and Marguerite, who was in turn the daughter of a weaver.
Nicolas moved to Poland in his youth, where he began working in a tobacco factory. Now it is not known for certain why he decided to leave France, but nevertheless, the fact remains that in Poland he found his second home.
This country touched my heart so much young man that he began to take an active part in her fate and fight for her independence. Even after the defeat of the Kosciuszko uprising, he remains in Poland and begins to engage in teaching activities. Thanks to his broad scientific outlook and good education, he soon gained an excellent reputation among Polish teachers. And in 1802 he settled in the estate of the Skarbkov family.
In 1806, he married a distant relative of the Skarbkovs. According to contemporaries, Yustyna Kzhizhanovskaya was a well-educated girl, fluent in her fiancé's native language. In addition, she was an extremely musical person with good piano technique and a beautiful voice. Therefore, Frederick's first musical impressions were due to the talent of his mother. She instilled in him a love for folk melodies.
Sometimes Chopin is compared with. They compare in the sense that, like Amadeus, Frederick from a very young age was literally obsessed with music. This love of creativity, musical improvisation and piano playing was regularly noted by acquaintances and family friends.
Even when the boy was in elementary school, he wrote the first piece of music. More likely, we are talking not about the first essay, but about its first publication, since this event was even covered in a Warsaw newspaper.
So it was written in the January issue of 1818:
“The author of this Polonaise is a student who is not yet 8 years old. This is a real genius of music, with the greatest ease and exceptional taste. He performs the most difficult piano pieces and composes dances and variations that delight connoisseurs and connoisseurs. If this child prodigy had been born in France or Germany, he would have drawn more attention to himself.
His love for music bordered on insanity. He would jump up in the middle of the night to urgently pick up and record a inspired melody. And that is why on his musical education and had such high hopes.
He was trained by the Czech pianist Wojciech Zhivny, and the boy was then barely nine years old. Despite the fact that Frederik was also studying at one of the schools in Warsaw, music lessons were very thorough and serious.
This could not but affect his success: by the age of twelve, Chopin was in no way inferior to even the best Polish pianists. And his teacher refused to study with his young student, saying that there was nothing more he could teach him.
Young years
But by the time Zhivny stopped teaching Chopin, about seven years of their studies had passed. After that, Frederik graduated from the college and began taking music theory lessons from Josef Elsner, a composer.
During this period, the young man was already under the patronage of Anton Radzivil and the princes Chetvertinsky. They liked the charming appearance and refined manners young pianist and they contributed to introducing the young man into high society.
I was familiar with him. The young Chopin impressed him as a calm young man who did not require any additional comments. His manners were so… aristocratic that he was perceived as if he were some kind of prince. He impressed many with his sophisticated looks and wit, and his sense of humor negated the very concept of "boring". Of course, his presence was welcome!
In 1829, Frederick left, as they say now, on tour. He managed to perform in Vienna and Krakow. And after quite a bit of time, an uprising broke out in his native Poland. But the Poles failed to achieve freedom. The uprising was brutally suppressed by Russia. As a result, young musician forever lost the opportunity to return to their homeland. In a fit of desperation, he writes his famous "Revolutionary Etude".
At some point, he fell in love with the writer George Sand. But their relationship brought him more emotional experiences than happiness.
But, despite this, the musician retained a deep spiritual connection with his homeland. Much of his inspiration came from Polish folk songs and dancing. However, he did not copy them at all. That did not prevent his works from becoming a national treasure. Asafiev wrote the following words about Chopin's work:
“In the work of Chopin,” the academician wrote, “the whole of Poland: its folk drama, its way of life, feelings, the cult of beauty in man and humanity, the chivalrous, proud character of the country, its thoughts and songs.”
He for a long time lived in France, and therefore the French transliteration of his name was assigned to him. He gave his first concert in Paris at the age of twenty-two. This performance turned out to be extremely successful, and Chopin's fame grew unusually quickly, although not all pianists and experts recognized his talent.
About unhappy love
In 1837, his relationship with George Sand ceased, and he felt the first signs of lung disease.
In general, who was more unhappy in their union is a rather controversial issue.
The fact is that from the point of view of Chopin's biographers, the relationship with Sand brought him nothing but grief. From the point of view of the writer, the pianist was an unbalanced person, extremely vulnerable and quick-tempered. He was also called " evil genius"And the" cross "of the writer, as she tenderly and devotedly took care of his health, despite his antics.
As for the culprit of the gap, then, according to the sources of Chopin's adherents, it was she who left him at a difficult moment, and from the side of Sand's biographers, she decided to reduce their cohabitation towards friendship, as she was afraid for his health. It must be common sense too.
Whether she harassed him with her foolishness, or whether he himself was just too closed off is a question whose answer lies in the depths of time. Sand wrote a novel in which critics saw images of herself and her lover in the main characters. The latter eventually led to premature death. main character; Chopin himself indignantly denied that he had anything to do with the image of that inveterate egoist.
Finding out now "who is to blame" does not make the slightest sense. This fact from the biography of these people of art I have cited only to show that the habit of pulling the blanket over oneself and looking for the guilty even in those whom one used to love nullify all the best features of noble personalities, no matter how great they may be. Or maybe they were not so majestic after all? The reverence for the "Great" pianists and composers is too great to realize the origins of their genius. And in some cases they pay for their genius with their personal qualities. And sometimes, mind.
End of life journey
Be that as it may, the break with Sand seriously undermined his health. He wanted to change the situation and expand his circle of acquaintances, and therefore moved to live in London. There he began to give concerts and engage in teaching activities.
But just the same combination of success and a nervous lifestyle finally finished him off. In October 1849 he returned to Paris, where he died. According to his will, his heart was moved to Warsaw and buried in one of the columns of the Church of the Holy Cross. Chopin is perhaps the only Polish composer of this level and international scope.
He mainly worked in the genre chamber music. We can say that it was this genre that best reflected his closed nature. Because precisely as a composer, he would also be a wonderful symphonist.
In his works - ballads and polonaises - Chopin talks about his beloved country - Poland. And if the ancestor of the etude genre was
Representative of the art of romanticism. He was born in the small town of Zhelyazova Wola, located near Warsaw. His father Nicolas had French origin, and Justina's mother was a local resident.
Musical impressions of childhood
Friederik began learning to play the piano at the age of six. For a young musician very lucky with the teacher. Pianist Wojciech Zhyvny brought up s¢v
At an early age, Fryderyk met Italian opera, very popular in all corners of Europe. Early 19th century vocal art was not too difficult to understand. Wide circle listeners were attracted by bright theatrical performances and beautiful catchy melodies that you could hum. And although Chopin's work does not contain a single opera, he acquired and retained for the rest of his life a taste for flexible and plastic melodies.
salon art
Another source of music for the future composer was the so-called salon performance. A major representative of this art was Mikhail Oginsky. He is known today for his famous Polonaise.
Salon - one of the forms of leisure for representatives of the wealthy strata of European society in the 19th century. This social practice has been described in many literary works, for example, Leo Tolstoy and Honore de Balzac. In the salons, people not only communicated, but also listened to music. The largest pianists and violinists of those times gained fame precisely through performances at various social events.
Fryderyk Chopin played the piano in local salons from the age of 12. He loved this humble domestic art. Chopin's work bears a bright imprint of salon music. Bravura virtuosity and sentimental ease of performance were often required from pianists invited to social events. But Chopin is alien to the excessive entertainment and banality inherent in this art direction.
Early work
The work of Frederic Chopin opens with two polonaises, which he wrote at the age of seven, possibly under the influence of work of the same name Mikhail Oginsky. Another source of the works of the future composer is Polish musical folklore. Friederika was introduced to him by his mother, who was a good pianist and also an amateur singer.
Young Chopin studied at the Warsaw Lyceum, while studying music under the guidance of private teachers. He already comprehended not only playing the piano, but also composition. Later, Frederik entered main school music of the Polish capital.
In Poland, Chopin's career developed successfully thanks to the generous patronage of patrons. In particular, the famous aristocratic Chetvertinsky family took care of the young pianist. On the wave of success, Chopin was invited on tour to Austria, where he left in 1829.
Emigration and its causes
The concerts of the young musician were a huge success in Europe. He was admired by the famous composers of the time, Robert Schumann and Franz Liszt. Chopin's work was at the peak of popularity. During the composer's stay on tour, an uprising took place in his homeland.
Freedom-loving Poles rebelled against the Russian Empire. Large-scale popular unrest that swept the country lasted about two years. In 1831, after the siege of Warsaw, they were crushed. Russian army. After the victory, the actions of the occupying authorities became even tougher.
Chopin was an ardent supporter of Polish independence. After the defeat of the uprising, he decided not to return to his homeland. Direct response to these tragic events was the study "C Minor", called "Revolutionary". The composer composed it in early September 1931, immediately after the fall of the besieged Warsaw.
The sad events in Poland divided Chopin's work into two major periods. The young musician chooses to permanent place residence Paris, where he spends the rest of his days, periodically going on tour. The composer never saw his homeland again.
New life in Paris
In Paris, Chopin led an active creative and pedagogical activity. In that historical period the capital of France was the center of political and cultural life Europe. After 1830 in Parisian society ardently supported the supporters of the struggle for the independence of Poland. The greatest figures of art of that time unselfishly helped the composer in the first years of his emigration.
The life and work of Chopin are inextricably linked with the activities of his contemporaries - famous figures art. The composer's new friends were the artist Eugene Delacroix, the writers Heinrich Heine and Victor Hugo, the composers Franz Liszt and the musicologist Francois Fetis.
Illness and the end of a virtuoso career
A few years after settling in Paris, Chopin gave concerts in England and Germany, where he met outstanding composers Robert Schumann and Felix Mendelssohn. Then, in the mid-30s, he was overtaken by a disease - pulmonary tuberculosis.
The poor health of the young musician did not allow him to continue his career as a virtuoso pianist. He stopped performing in large halls. The work of F. Chopin from that time is reduced to writing a series piano works who paved the way for him
As a pianist, he limited his performances to small salons and chamber concert halls. He played mainly for his friends, colleagues and people with similar artistic tastes and passions.
Chamber halls and a friendly audience determined the uniqueness of Chopin's music. It is very personal and intimate. It seems that the composer exposes his suffering soul to the audience. The work of F. Chopin is inextricably linked with the piano. He did not write for other instruments.
Love of all life
While in Paris, the composer met the famous French writer Aurora Dudevant, who published her books under male pseudonym George Sand. This woman enjoyed notoriety in Parisian society. she wore men's clothing and demonstratively smoked cigars. The local beau monde was periodically disturbed by rumors about her numerous connections.
If we briefly characterize the life and work of Chopin, then it can be argued that without George Sand, he would not have been himself. She became not only the composer's mistress, but also his friend. The writer was older than Chopin. She already had two children - a boy and a girl.
great musician often visited the family castle, which became a haven for many friends of Aurora and her lover. She adored wild fun and parties that lasted until dawn. The sick composer endured her entertainment from with great difficulty. Nevertheless, their romance lasted more than ten years.
Winter in Mallorca
No matter how talented he was, his work is inextricably linked with George Sand. Particularly popular with fans romantic stories the legend of their joint journey to Mallorca. The Spanish island in the Mediterranean Sea is today a tourist paradise. Then, in the distant 19th century, it was abandoned, deserted and dark place. The splendor of nature was combined with gloomy morals local residents and poor living conditions.
Chopin, whose biography and work is largely due to incurable disease, experienced one of the most difficult periods on this island. The lovers wanted to spend a warm winter in Mallorca away from Parisian gossip. But the winter turned out to be very rainy and cold, and the negative attitude of the locals towards lovers was frankly aggressive. They were unable to rent housing and were forced to settle in an abandoned monastery, where the cold raged. This winter, the composer's health deteriorated significantly.
During her life in Mallorca, George Sand missed Parisian luxury. Chopin also yearned. short biography and the composer's work make this winter on the island especially bright. The musician has composed several beautiful works. After returning to France, the writer published the book "Winter in Mallorca".
Romanticism and piano creativity
Chopin's work can be briefly defined as romanticism in all its manifestations. His numerous piano miniatures - like different faces one diamond. The composer wrote very little major works. The most famous among them is his second sonata, and especially its third part - the funeral march.
Chopin's piano miniatures are grouped into cycles. Polish mazurkas and polonaises are poetic plays imbued with homesickness. The composer's most lyrical works are preludes. They run through all of Chopin's work. Briefly, these compositions can be described as short pieces covering all 24 keys. Preludes resolved in various genres. For example, the piece in A major reproduces the rhythmic basis of the mazurka. And the prelude "B Minor" resembles an elegy.
Genres in Chopin's music
Chopin's piano work is conditioned by a multifaceted synthesis. The combination of intonations of various, sometimes contrasting, genres in one short theme leads to a high concentration of tension in the musical fabric. Compressed in an eight-bar melody, hints of a march, nocturne and pathetic recitation seem to blow up the theme from the inside. Their potential is revealed throughout the composition, building a complex dramaturgy.
As German musicologists note, the work of Friedrich Chopin (as he is called in Germany) was influenced by Robert Schumann, especially his piano cycles. However, the music of this great composer is unusually original. The so-called Polish cycles - mazurkas and polonaises - serve as confirmation.
Mazurkas and polonaises
Mazurkas are very diverse. Among them are elegant and refined miniatures, as well as plays written in folk spirit. There are also brilliant ballroom mazurkas. Most of these pieces are not difficult in terms of virtuosity. Technically, they are easy to implement. Difficult to understand them makes a deep musical meaning, the listener requires a special subtlety of perception.
Like all of Chopin's work, works written in the polonaise genre are lyrical poetic miniatures. But at the same time they have the character of bright and brilliant dances. Among them there are miniatures of different content: tragic, solemn and exquisite. A polonaise pianist needs strong fingers and wide hands. This is necessary in order to cope with the polyphonic chords underlying the works.
If we try to formulate Chopin's work in a few words, summary its going to be like this: greatest genius Romantic era, he was the musical idol of Europe. An exile deprived of his homeland, he died very early, at the age of 39. Most During his lifetime, Chopin suffered from an incurable illness that limited his career as a virtuoso. He fully knew the love of hundreds of fans and the only woman who managed to understand him. She had the same talent as he did. His tragic and at the same time happy fate- in music. And she is immortal.
Frederic Chopin was a brilliant Polish composer and one of the great pianists of the first half of the 19th century.
His father, a Frenchman by birth, was a tutor in the house of Counts Skarbekov, and then a teacher at the Warsaw Lyceum; mother is a Polish woman from impoverished nobles. Chopin studied at the lyceum where his father taught, and at the same time attended the Warsaw Main Music School. From the very early years he impressed with his exceptional musical talent and, as a nine-year-old boy, he already performed publicly in concerts.
His first piano teacher was the Czech Adalbert Zhivny, later replaced by the famous Warsaw composer, director of the Main Music School - I. Elsner, author of a number of operas popular at that time in Italian style. Chopin's composing abilities also showed up early, and when he left Warsaw in 1830, already a completed and famous pianist, there were many works in his portfolio, including several published ones. After a short stay in Vienna and Munich, where he performed with great success as a pianist, Chopin went to Paris, the center musical life that time. He soon occupied a prominent position among Parisian musicians and entered into friendly relations with the most famous contemporaries: Liszt, Berlioz, Bellini, Meyerbeer, Balzac, G. Heine, Delacroix and others. Of exceptional importance for him was his acquaintance with George Sand, with whom he was connected by a deep feeling, which was interrupted, in many respects, due to political differences.
Having established himself as a first-class pianist and composer, Chopin became one of the most fashionable piano teachers in aristocratic Polish and French houses. As a virtuoso, he performed very rarely, and then mainly in the salons - in small rooms in front of a small, "chosen" audience. One of the reasons for this restraint in the field concert activity was the weakness of his health, which led to a severe lung disease. The last years of life were, in fact, painful withering. Chopin died and is buried in Paris.
With the exception of very few works, Chopin wrote only for the piano.
Friends insisted that Chopin piano creativity moved on to composing large symphonic works and above all created a genuine folk opera. But he still limited himself exclusively to the sphere of the pianoforte. And it wasn't by chance. Large forms symphonic or operatic creativity, designed for a wide audience, remained alien to him, therefore, an overwhelming task. However, without leaving the aristocratic salon, he turned the piano into an orchestra. With ingenious ingenuity, he opened up the widest range of colorful possibilities of piano sounds, achieving hitherto unsurpassed mastery of modern pianism. Chopin managed to extract from this instrument both powerful sounds, which in their impression are not inferior to orchestral ones, and the most delicate shades, reflecting the subtlest psychological movements. On the other hand, the songs built on Polish folk intonations make Chopin's works understandable for the mass audience.
The prevailing opinion that Chopin's work as a whole is sentimental is one-sided. Chopin did not pass by the influences of that sensitive trend that is characteristic of all art in the first quarter of the 19th century. Elements of this direction can be found in all the works of Chopin. Basically, however, they are characteristic of the first period of his work, when he had not yet freed himself from the influences of Field, Hummel and Italian opera composers(Rossini and others). IN the best works middle and late period in his work, in ballads, polonaises, scherzos and preludes, sentimentalism sometimes replaces genuine tragedy rooted in Polish romantic heroism.
Chopin's influence on musical creativity huge. This influence manifested itself in the development of the harmonic style. European music and musical form in general. It is noticeable in the harmonies of Wagner's "Tristan", in large piano and orchestral compositions List. It is difficult to find a composer in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries who was not, to some extent, influenced by Chopin. In the history of Russian music, it most clearly affected the work of Scriabin and his followers.
Everyone knows the name of the great composer Frederic Chopin. He is prominent representative romanticism in music. Creative works Chopin influenced the subsequent development of music, as well as his followers. The composer's historical contribution to music is indisputable.
Future great composer was born in 1810 in a small village near Warsaw. Frederick has always had a love for music. His mother was a famous pianist and instilled a love of music. Pianist V. Zhivny regularly gave lessons to the young Chopin. In 1818, an article was published stating that Chopin was a child of genius, since he not only repeated complex compositions, but also composed himself. At the Lyceum he met great composers, famous artists, writers. close friend, and later the writer George Sand became a lover. She was different sharp mind, as well as a stable life position.
In 1837, Chopin felt a lung disease, it was tuberculosis. Together with his wife, George Sand and her two children went to Mallorca. The change of residence negatively affected the composer's well-being, but he continued to write. Relations with his beloved deteriorated significantly, stress had a negative impact on the health of the composer. Frederic Chopin died in 1849, his body was buried in Paris.
Chopin's music was admired, he gave concerts in Warsaw, Paris and last years life in London. Very often he gave concerts for free, so until the end of his days he studied music with his students. The composer completely changed the understanding of many genres: he turned the scherzo into separate genre, poetized waltz, mazurka and other dances, classical genres enriched with imagination. Frederic Chopin was proud of his waltzes, which played a significant role in his work. Musicologists argue that it is possible to trace the relationship between the composer's personal tragedy and his waltzes. Frederic Chopin is a real genius of music and has long been a favorite composer of connoisseurs of not only classical music.
Option number 2
Frederic Francois Chopin - worldwide famous composer, a brilliant musician who dedicated his work to his native Poland, an incomparable "piano poet".
He was born in February 1810 in Poland in a small village near Warsaw. The mother of the future composer played the piano beautifully and sang. My father played the violin and flute. Parents raised their son and three daughters in an atmosphere of tenderness, harmony and love for poetry and music, which could not but affect the work of the future genius.
Musical inclinations appeared in little Frederick in early childhood. Chopin's first mentor was the Czech musician V. Zhivny. Already at the age of 9, the boy composed waltzes, mazurkas and polonaises. Thanks to virtuoso game on the piano, Frederik became famous throughout Poland by the age of 12. Getting an education at the Higher music school in Warsaw, the musician took lessons from famous composer Y. Elsner.
After graduating in 1827, Chopin actively gives concerts not only in Poland, but also in Germany and Austria, which brings him great success. The great musician moved to Paris in 1831. His fame spreads and numerous fans appear.
Chopin not only composes, but also begins to teach music. He creates a unique method of teaching pianists.
The composer loved to travel a lot. He was familiar with G. Berlioz, F. Mendelssohn, F. Liszt, O. Balzac, V. Hugo and other prominent personalities of that time.
Not distinguished by good health since childhood, in 1848 the seriously ill composer gave last concert in London. On October 5 the following year, he died.
According to the will, after his death, his heart was delivered to his homeland, where it was immured in the Warsaw Church of the Holy Cross.
Chopin's talent can be compared with such geniuses as Mozart and Tchaikovsky. A brilliant representative of romanticism in music, the founder of the national Polish composer school, Chopin left to his descendants a huge legacy of musical compositions for the piano. He wrote two large-scale concertos, three sonatas, known in numerous orchestral performances. Chopin pioneered the ballad genre, and his nocturnes and etudes amaze classical music lovers with their grace and nobility.
The style of such famous musical compositions as " autumn waltz”, nocturnes “Nocturno in C sharp minor”, “Spring Rhapsody”, etudes “Revolutionary”, “Garden of Eden” can be traced in lyric works contemporary performers.
In honor of Frederic Chopin in Poland is held international competition pianists, many educational institutions are named and monuments are erected.
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