Sayings of famous personalities about Chechens at different times. Chechen male character
From time immemorial, Chechens have been famous as hardy, strong, dexterous, inventive, severe and skillful warriors. The main features of the representatives of this nation have always been: pride, fearlessness, the ability to cope with any life's difficulties, as well as high reverence for consanguinity. Representatives of the Chechen people: Ramzan Kadyrov, Dzhokhar Dudayev.
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Origin of the Chechens
There are several versions of the origin of the name of the Chechen nation:
- Most scientists are inclined to believe that in this way the people began to be called around the 13th century, after the name of the village of Big Chechen. Later, not only the inhabitants of this locality, but also all neighboring villages of a similar type.
- According to another opinion, the name "Chechens" appeared thanks to the Kabardians, who called this people "Shashan". And, allegedly, the representatives of Russia simply changed this name a little, making it more convenient and harmonious for our language, and over time it took root and this people began to be called Chechens not only in Russia, but also in other states.
- There is a third version - according to it, other Caucasian peoples initially called the inhabitants of modern Chechnya Chechens.
By the way, the very word “Vainakh” translated from Nakh into Russian sounds like “our people” or “our people”.
If we talk about the origin of the nation itself, then it is generally accepted that the Chechens have never been nomadic people and their history is closely connected with the Caucasian lands. True, some scientists argue that in ancient times, representatives of this nation occupied larger territories in the northeastern Caucasus, and only then migrated en masse to the north of Kazvkaz. The very fact of such a relocation of the people does not cause any particular doubts, but the motives for the move are not known to scientists.
According to one version, which is partly confirmed by Georgian sources, at a certain moment the Chechens simply decided to occupy the North Caucasian space, where no one lived at that time. Moreover, there is an opinion that the very name of the Caucasus is also of Vainakh origin. Allegedly, in ancient times, that was the name of the Chechen ruler, and the territory got its name from his name "Caucasus".
Having settled in the North Caucasus, the Chechens led a settled way of life and did not leave their native places without extreme necessity. They lived in this territory for more than one hundred years (from about the 13th century).
Even when in 1944 almost the entire indigenous population was deported in connection with the unfair accusation of supporting the fascists, the Chechens did not remain in the “foreign” land and returned to their homeland.
Caucasian war
In the winter of 1781, Chechnya officially became part of Russia. The corresponding document was signed by many respectable elders of the largest Chechen villages, who not only put their signature on paper, but also swore on the Koran that they would accept Russian citizenship.
But at the same time, the majority of representatives of the nation believed this document mere formality and in fact were going to continue their autonomous existence. One of the most ardent opponents of the entry of Chechnya into Russia was Sheikh Mansur, who had a huge influence on his fellow tribesmen, since he was not only a preacher of Islam, but was also the first imam of the North Caucasus. Many Chechens supported Mansur, which later helped him become the leader of the liberation movement and unite all the discontented highlanders into one force.
Thus began the Caucasian War, which lasted nearly fifty years. In the end, the Russian military forces managed to suppress the resistance of the highlanders, however, extremely tough measures were taken for this, up to the burning of hostile auls. Also during that period, the Sunzhinskaya (named after the Sunzha River) line of fortifications was built.
However, the end of the war was very conditional. The established peace was extremely shaky. The situation was complicated by the fact that oil deposits were discovered in Chechnya, from which the Chechens received practically no income. Another difficulty was local mentality, which was very different from the Russian one.
Chechens and then repeatedly staged various uprisings. But despite all the difficulties, Russia greatly appreciated the representatives of this nationality. The fact is that men of Chechen nationality were wonderful warriors and differed not only physical strength, but also courage, as well as an unbending fighting spirit. During the First World War, an elite regiment was created, consisting of only Chechens and called the "Wild Division".
Chechens have indeed always been considered remarkable warriors, in which composure is surprisingly combined with courage and the will to win. The physical data of representatives of this nationality are also impeccable. Chechen men are characterized by: strength, endurance, dexterity, etc.
On the one hand, this is explained by the fact that they lived in rather harsh conditions, where it was extremely difficult for a physically weak person to exist, and on the other hand, by the fact that almost the entire history of this people is associated with constant struggle and the need to defend their interests with arms in hand. After all, if we look at the events that took place in the Caucasus, both in ancient times and in our time, we will see that the Chechen people have always remained quite autonomous and, in case of dissatisfaction with certain circumstances, easily went into a state of war.
At the same time, the combat science of the Chechens has always been very developed and fathers with early childhood they taught their sons how to use weapons and how to ride. The ancient Chechens managed to do the almost impossible and create their own invincible mountain cavalry. Also, it is they who are considered the founders of such military techniques as nomadic batteries, the technique of blocking the enemy or the withdrawal of "crawling" troops into battle. From time immemorial, their military tactics have been based on surprise, followed by a massive attack on the enemy. Moreover, many experts agree that it is the Chechens, and not the Cossacks, who are the founders of the partisan method of warfare.
National features
The Chechen language belongs to the Nakh-Dagestan branch and has more than nine dialects that are used in speech and writing. But the main dialect is considered flat, which in the 20th century formed the basis of the literary dialect given people.
As for religious views, the vast majority of Chechens profess Islam.
Chechens also attach great importance to the observance of the national code of honor "Konakhalla". These ethical rules of conduct were developed in ancient times. And this moral code, to put it very simply, tells how a man should behave in order to be considered worthy of his people and his ancestors.
By the way, Chechens are also characterized by a very strong relationship. Initially, the culture of this people developed in such a way that the society was divided into various teips (kinds), belonging to which was of great importance for the Vainakhs. The relation to this or that genus was always determined by the father. Moreover, to this day, representatives of this people, getting to know a new person, often ask where he comes from and from which teip.
Another type of association is "tukhum". This was the name of teip communities created for one purpose or another: joint hunting, farming, protection of territories, repelling enemy attacks, etc.
Chechen. Lezginka.
Special attention should be paid to the national Chechen cuisine, which is rightfully considered one of the most ancient in the Caucasus. From time immemorial, the main products used by the Chechens for cooking were: meat, cheese, cottage cheese, as well as pumpkin, wild garlic and corn. Special importance is also attached to spices, which are usually used in large quantities.
Chechen traditions
Living in the harsh conditions of the mountainous area left its mark on the culture of the Chechens, their traditions. Life here was many times harder than on the plain.
For example, the highlanders often cultivated the land on the slopes of the peaks, and in order to avoid accidents, they had to work large groups, binding himself with one rope. Otherwise, one of them could easily fall into the abyss and die. Often, half of the aul gathered to carry out such work. Therefore, for a true Chechen, respectable neighborly relations are sacred. And if grief happened in the family of people living nearby, then this grief is the grief of the whole village. If a breadwinner was lost in a neighboring house, then his widow or mother was supported by the whole aul, sharing food or other necessary things with her.
Due to the fact that work in the mountains is usually very hard, the Chechens have always tried to protect the older generation from it. And even the usual greeting here is based on the fact that with old man first they say hello, and then they ask if he needs help with something. Also in Chechnya, it is considered bad form if a young man walks past an elderly man doing hard work and does not offer his help.
Hospitality also plays a huge role for the Chechens. In ancient times, a person could easily get lost in the mountains and die from hunger or an attack by a wolf or a bear. That is why it has always been unthinkable for Chechens not to let a stranger into the house who asks for help. It does not matter what the name of the guest is and whether he is familiar with the hosts, if he is in trouble, then he will be provided with food and lodging for the night.
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Mutual respect is also of particular importance in Chechen culture. In ancient times, the highlanders moved mainly along thin paths encircling peaks and gorges. Because of this, it was sometimes difficult for people to disperse on such paths. And the slightest inaccurate movement could cause a fall from the mountain and the death of a person. That is why Chechens, from early childhood, were taught to respect other people, and especially women and the elderly.
STATEMENTS ABOUT CHECHEN
Ermolov:
“It is they, the Chechens, who revolt the entire Caucasus. Damned tribe!
Their society is not so crowded, but has increased tremendously in the last few years, for it accepts friendly villains of all other peoples who leave their land after committing any crimes. And not only.
Even our soldiers are fleeing to Chechnya. They are attracted there by the perfect equality and equality of the Chechens, who do not recognize any authority in their midst.
These bandits welcome our soldiers with open arms! So Chechnya can be called the nest of all the robbers and the den of our runaway soldiers.
I presented these swindlers with an ultimatum: hand over the fugitive soldiers or the vengeance will be terrible. No, not a single soldier was handed over! I had to exterminate their auls.
This people, of course, is neither more vile nor more insidious under the sun. They don't even have the plague! I will not rest until I see with my own eyes the skeleton of the last Chechen ... "
“Downstream the Terek live the Chechens, the worst of the robbers who attack the line.
Their society is very sparsely populated, but has greatly increased in the last few years, for the villains of all other peoples who leave their land for some kind of crimes were friendly received.
Here they found accomplices, immediately ready either to avenge them or to participate in robberies, and they served as their faithful guides in lands they themselves did not know. Chechnya can rightly be called the nest of all robbers"
Notes of 1816-1826, when Yermolov was the commander of the Caucasian Corps and the commander-in-chief in Georgia during the Caucasian War.
“I have seen many nations, but such recalcitrant and unyielding people as the Chechens do not exist on earth, and the path to the conquest of the Caucasus lies through the conquest of the Chechens, or rather, through their complete destruction.”
"Sovereign! .. The mountain peoples, by the example of their independence, in the most subjects of your imperial majesty give rise to a rebellious spirit and love for independence."
(from the report of A. Yermolov to Emperor Alexander I on February 12, 1819)
"Chechens are the strongest people and the most dangerous ..." Yermolov.
“It is just as impossible to subdue the Chechens as it is to smooth out the Caucasus. Who but us can boast that he saw the Eternal War?
(General Mikhail Orlov, 1826).
Faced with many Caucasian peoples, N.S. Semenov, at the time of the creation of his collection of articles, clearly singled out the Chechens with his attention:
"a tribe that I have studied more than other tribes, and which, in its integrity and vitality, deserves more interest"
“Chechens, both men and women, are extremely beautiful people.
They are tall, very slender, their physiognomy, especially their eyes, are expressive.
In their movements Chechens are agile, dexterous, by nature they are all very impressionable, cheerful and witty, for which they are called the French of the Caucasus.
But at the same time they are suspicious, quick-tempered, treacherous, insidious, vengeful.
When they strive for a goal, all means are good for them. At the same time, the Chechens are indomitable. unusually hardy, brave in attack, dexterous in defense” Berger.
“... Chechens did not burn houses, did not deliberately trample fields, did not break vineyards. "Why destroy the gift of God and the work of man," they said...
And this rule of the mountain "robber" is a valor that the most educated peoples could be proud of if they had it ... "
A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky in "Letter to Dr. Erman"
“We tried to destroy the Chechens, as our enemies, by all means and even turn their advantages into disadvantages.
We considered them to be an extremely fickle, gullible, treacherous and treacherous people because they did not want to fulfill our demands, which were inconsistent with their concepts, customs, customs and way of life.
We defamed them so only because they did not want to dance to our tune, the sounds of which were too harsh and deafening for them ... "
General M. Ya. Olshevsky.
“Someone rightly remarked that in the type of Chechen, in his moral character, there is something reminiscent of a Wolf.
The lion and the eagle depict strength, they go to the weak, and the Wolf goes to a stronger one than himself, replacing everything in the latter case with boundless audacity, courage and dexterity.
And once he gets into hopeless trouble, he dies in silence, without expressing either fear, or pain, or a groan.
(V. Potto, XIX century).
“The maniacal hatred of the Chechens is explained by the subconscious envy of people deprived of the genes of courage, morality, intelligence”
("General newspaper", 04/17-23/1997)
- One nuance. Skinheads beat "blacks" - but they are afraid of Chechens. Why?
- And you read Solzhenitsyn. Chechens in the zones were not touched even by our urks and the administration of the Gulag.
Chechens are people of amazing personal courage.
In the film "My friend Ivan Lapshin" starred a former prisoner, tried for murder.
He played the man who, according to the plot, stabbed the hero Andrei Mironov. Andrei was even out of the frame, he was afraid of him in life. After 11 years in prison, the criminal world released him ...
This prisoner told me a story from the life of the zone.
Once one of the thieves stabbed a Chechen. And around the swamp, you won't leave.
So, the Chechens, who have served time and are already living in the settlement, made a device and jumped into the zone through barbed wire. And they cut many - and, as you understand, they remained in the zone for a very long time.
With all the love for our people, ours would not have jumped ...
Skinheads know: if you punch a Chechen, they will kill everyone.
And they even incite them to other foreigners, like a dog on a leash ...
Elena 26.01.2008, 00:11
“It is difficult to be a Chechen.
If you are a Chechen, you must feed and shelter your enemy, who has knocked on your door as a guest.
You should not hesitate to die for the girl's honor. You must kill the bloodstain by plunging a dagger into his chest, because you can never shoot in the back.
You must give your last piece of bread to a friend. You must get up, get out of the car to greet the old man walking by.
You should never run, even if your enemies are a thousand and you have no chance of victory, you still have to take the fight.
And you can't cry no matter what happens. Let your beloved women leave, let poverty ruin your house, let comrades bleed on your hands, you cannot cry if you are a Chechen, if you are a Man.
Only once, only once in your life can you cry: when Mother dies.”
NO_COMMENT 26.01.2008, 04:37
Chechens - how many in this word! How would the enemies dislike it! But I have nothing against other nationalities!
Mouravi 30.01.2008, 15:48
Salaam Alaikum. First, let me tell you just a story from my life.
I was talking to one guy. He is Kazakh, his name is Arman. He lives in the city of Stepnogorsk, Kazakhstan.
There has been a gold mine there since Soviet times, which stopped with the collapse of the Soviet Union. But the locals began to climb there at their own peril and risk (this is far from safe).
It is a whole underground labyrinth. To better imagine, I can say that it has the shape of a Christmas tree turned upside down.
During operation, it was electrified and all power supply systems worked, then after the stop, everything stopped by itself, and it took the form of a dark abyss.
But having no other way of subsistence in the 90s, people climbed there in the hope of catching their luck. Many really found death there, lost in the tunnels and branches of the mine.
Armand also hunted this for a long time. He told how for several days people lived in tunnels, seeing only the light of a flashlight, and looking for gold ore.
He said that over time, people were in a state of depression in eternal darkness, and experienced people said: "So it's time to go up."
In those difficult conditions, all conventions were erased and all decorum was forgotten. Darkness, lack clean air, fear, put pressure on the human psyche. But there was an exception.
He said that even in these conditions, the local Chechens, who also descended into the mine, observed all the rules of national behavior and ethics. Even little things.
He watched with great surprise as the younger ones did not sit down to eat in front of the older ones.
As if the earth began to crumble from above (after all, they worked without equipment, by hand), then everyone, driven by the instinct of self-preservation, tried to be the first to jump out of the face into the tunnel.
And only the Vainakhs tried to push each other out first of all (the younger ones were the older ones, and those of them).
What can I say, I was very pleased to hear that my brothers, even in the most extreme and life-threatening conditions, remained CHECHEN, who, according to Yakh, first of all think about a friend and brother, and then only about themselves.
Girl E
It so happened that in the course of my life I encountered many Chechens.
1) Handsome.
2) Smart.
3) They know how to force themselves to respect both words and actions.
4) Amazing sense of humor.
5) When you walk with a Chechen along a dark street, you can be calm for yourself, you will not give offense.
Also, in the company where I work, there are a few two Chechens, and if they are not loved, then everyone respects them (a team of more than 100 people).
One of them, by the way, does a lot for the staff and everyone always goes to him for help, and he does everything to help them without asking for anything in return.
In short, I really like them, it's a pity that they create such areolas. It is clear that a weak country needs the image of an enemy.
In short, I hope our country will become stronger, and the Chechens will be able to show the world what they really are.
26/12/01, Major Payne
In my opinion Chechens are the most courageous people in the world! I will quote only the old Chechen song, which the Ichkerists made the anthem of Ichkeria!
We were born on the night the she-wolf was whelping
In the morning, under the roar of a lion, we were given names.
In eagles' nests our mothers nursed us,
On the clouds, our fathers taught us how to tame horses.
Mothers gave birth to us for the people and the fatherland,
And at their call we stood up bravely.
With mountain eagles we have grown freely,
Difficulties and obstacles proudly overcame.
Rather, granite rocks, like lead, will melt,
Than hordes of enemies will make us bow!
Rather, the earth will ignite in flames,
How shall we present ourselves to the grave, having sold our honor!
We will never submit to anyone
Death or Freedom - one of the two we will achieve.
23/05/02, SVETA
I love Chechens for everything!
1. They are honest, freedom-loving, they have self-esteem.
2. Since I communicate very closely with the Chechens, I can say that they are: cheerful, cheerful, temperamental and most importantly - brave!
They believe in their ideals and uphold their traditions!
27/01/03, Elina 2002
You know, I used to know very little about Chechen customs and mores, but I fell in love with a Chechen and now we are going to get married.
I respect the Chechens for the fact that they firmly hold on to their roots and support each other.
This is a very proud people who honor their customs and traditions.
And about the fact that they are all bandits, it's not true. In every nation there are good people and bad people.
28/01/03, Artur
This people is worthy of respect, firstly because:
1. A Chechen will never leave a countryman in trouble.
2. Chechens are very brave people.
I myself am an Armenian by nationality, and whoever says that Chechens and Armenians cannot be friends is blatantly lying.
06/05/03, LENA
How can one not love the Chechens, they will never pass by when their countryman is in trouble. And we, if we see that ours is being beaten, we will run away from there.
05/21/03
Chechens are the same people as Russians, Ukrainians, Dagestanis, Jews, Americans.
My grandmother often visited Chechnya and told only good things about Chechnya. Grandma cried when the war started.
My uncle worked in Chechnya 20 years ago, he also speaks well of Chechnya and Chechens ..
31/05/0, Gulcha
I love one single Chechen! I respect the rest. For their patience, friendship, responsibility for their people and for their family.
If they love, then for life!
Never confuse the Chechens and the concept of terrorists. These concepts are incompatible.
17/07/03, LILIANA
Radio operator Kate! I know what you mean!
After all, I also lived in the Caucasus in the Chechen village and fell in love with this part of the planet as I probably did not even love my native Libya, where I was born and spent my earliest childhood!
And even here, in St. Petersburg, I have many friends - Chechens and I love them all very much! They call me "sister" and they respect me a lot.
Often come across and those who are of the same faith with me - the Zoroastrians. We gather with them in the evenings and read the Avesta.
And never in my life have I seen bad things from any Chechen, but from others - as much as you like!
03/06/04, Anime
I just love, perhaps one of the few Muslim peoples that I respect!!!
Chechens are the oldest people, they are also Urartians, besides, I have a lot of Chechen friends and girlfriends.
Their girls are unrealistically beautiful, but in general the people are cheerful!!!
The Jews are called the people of the book, they are undoubtedly the most educated people on earth.
But Chechens are people From the book!
Valeria Novodvorskaya.
Georgian
You have no idea how much my family and I respect Nokhchi.
I will not repeat that this is a very brave, moral, proud, truly believing nation. I have been with them since childhood. And I don't regret it one bit.
And who hates them .... have the courage to approach one Chechen and tell him this to his face ..
Communicating with Chechens, I came to the conclusion that it is difficult to become a friend of a Chechen, but if you become one, then the Chechen will be ready to die for you, but if you betray the Chechen, then you will not be good.
I'll put forward a hypothesis.
I have already read from someone that Chechnya is a bunch of energy, and it is very important where it will be directed.
They noticed, they came close: “A clot of energy.”
But this is probably not enough. Apparently, we are dealing with a clot, a fluctuation of the gene pool. A subject worthy of serious scientific study!
Fluctuation (condensation), let me remind you, is a spontaneous, low probability, anti-entropic process. The fluctuation of matter provided us with the miracle of life.
And the fluctuation of the gene pool must be protected, even if it happened in a foreign nation! In the end, everyone will be better off for it.
As long as peoples like the Chechens exist, humanity has hope.
Alexander Minkin wrote in Novaya Gazeta (19.25.08.)
After a trip with Lebed to Khasavyurt:
“The first thing that catches your eye:
We have a mess, the Chechens have order.
We have window dressing, they have not a single extra movement.
For the feds, the schedule is shifted by hours, for the Chechens, nowhere did they have to wait a single minute ...
The militants are energetic, confident, all absolutely sober.
Terrible detail:
Ours - from a soldier to the prime minister - speak Russian with absolute difficulty, rarely can finish the phrase they have begun, switch to gesticulation and an endless "uh";
Chechens, on the other hand, in a foreign, Russian language, explain themselves clearly, form thoughts without difficulty.
Sayings about Chechens at different times - part 3
Chechens: who are they? 13:46 02/12/2005
RIA Novosti columnist Tatyana Sinitsyna.
The Chechens are sure that their deepest roots historically stretch to the Sumerian kingdom (30th century BC).
They also consider themselves descendants of the ancient Urartians (9-6 centuries BC).
In any case, the deciphered cuneiform writing of these two civilizations indicates that many authentic words have been preserved in the Chechen language. (In fact, in modern terms, these were the so-called Chechen Diasporas. Note by the author.)
"Chechens are undoubtedly the bravest people in Eastern mountains. Hiking in their land has always cost us bloody sacrifices. But this tribe was never fully imbued with Muridism.
Of all the eastern highlanders, the Chechens retained their personal and social independence the most and forced Shamil, who ruled despotically in Dagestan, to make them a thousand concessions in the form of government, in national duties, in the ritual rigor of faith.
Ghazavat (war against the infidels) was only a pretext for them to defend their tribal independence"
(R.A. Fadeev, "Sixty Years of the Caucasian War", Tiflis, 1860).
""... The ability of this tribe is beyond doubt. Of the Caucasian intellectuals, there are already many Chechens in schools and gymnasiums. Where they study - they will not be praised.
Those who arrogantly humiliate the incomprehensible highlander must agree that when talking with a simple Chechen, you feel that you are dealing with a person who is sensitive to such phenomena of public life, which are almost inaccessible to our peasant in the middle provinces ""
Nemirovich-Danchenko. Along Chechnya.
"" Chechens, magnificent riders can overcome 120, 130 or even 150 miles in one night. Their horses, never slowing down at a gallop, storm such slopes where it would seem that even footmen cannot pass....
If there is a crevice ahead, which his horse does not dare to overcome at once, the Chechen wraps the head of the horse with a cloak and, trusting himself to the Almighty, makes the pacer jump over the abyss up to 20 feet deep ""
A. Dumas Caucasus (Paris, 1859)
Appeal of the Political Directorate of the Don Front to the soldiers of the Soviet Army, issued on the eve of the Battle of Stalingrad (1943)
Based on the materials of the book by Kh. D. Oshaev "The Tale of the Chechen-Ingush Regiment". Nalchik. "Elfa" 2004.
According to the testimonies of the surviving participants in the heroic defense of the Brest Fortress, according to the scanty documentary data of the headquarters archives, according to the materials of the Museum of the Defense of the Hero Fortress, it is known that over two thousand Soviet soldiers and officers died during all the days of fighting in the citadel and the three fortified areas adjacent to it.
And among them - more than 300 soldiers of the Chechen-Ingushetia
From the book of the secretary of the Chechen-Ingush regional committee of the CPSU (b) during the war V.I. Filkin "Party organization of the Chechen-Ingushetia during the Great Patriotic War Soviet Union".
"In March 1942, at the insistence of Beria, the conscription of Chechens and Ingushs liable for military service to the Red Army was stopped.
This was a serious mistake, because the deserters and their accomplices did not at all reflect the real mood of the Chechen-Ingush people.
In August 1942, when the Nazi troops invaded the North Caucasus, the Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the CHIASSR applied to the Government of the USSR and the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks with a request for permission to conduct a voluntary mobilization of Chechens and Ingush into the Red Army.
The request was granted."
Voluntary mobilizations were carried out three times after that and they produced thousands of volunteers.
In the spring of 1942, the 114th Chechen-Ingush cavalry division, mobilized on a voluntary basis, fully provided with cavalry, well-equipped, equipped with experienced combat command and political personnel, which had already received an army number, was disbanded at the insistence of Beria.
At the insistent request of the Chechen-Ingush Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks and the Council of People's Commissars of the CHIASSR, only insignificant parts were retained from the division - the 255th Separate Chechen-Ingush Regiment and the Chechen-Ingush Separate Division.
Until the end of 1942, the 255th regiment fought well on the southern approaches to Stalingrad. In the battles at Kotelnikovo, Chilekovo, Sadovaya, near Lake Tsatsa and in a number of other places, he suffered heavy losses.
In May 1943, the Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks summed up the results of the voluntary mobilization. The decision reads as follows: "Carried out with the permission of the Central Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks in the period February - March 1943, the third conscription of Chechen and Ingush volunteers to the Red Army is accompanied by a manifestation of genuine Soviet patriotism.
"According to incomplete data, during the war more than 18,500 best sons of the Chechen-Ingush people were called up and mobilized into the army." (Filkin V.I.).
Two thirds of them were volunteers.
According to the latest data from researchers (in particular, those who worked on the creation of the "Book of Memory"), the number of Chechen and Ingush Red Army soldiers who fought against the Nazis on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War was more than 40 thousand people.
By the machinations of Beria in February 1944, the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was abolished, and the people were resettled in Central Asia and Kazakhstan.
Motive: for weak participation in the war against the Nazis...
This was a blatant lie. The deportation of Chechens and Ingush (and, possibly, other peoples), apparently, was being prepared long before its implementation began.
In line with these plans, one should also consider the secret order of the beginning of 1942 on holding awards for the Chechens and Ingush (possibly, other subsequently "punished" peoples), first of all, awards of the highest and military leaders, and on the non-representation of Chechens and Ingush to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.
Vainakh had to do something out of the ordinary in order to be presented to the title of Hero.
In the battle near the village of Zakharovka, X. Nuradilov alone stopped the advance of the German chains, destroyed 120 Nazis and took seven more prisoners. And didn't get any award.
And only after Nuradilov was mortally wounded in his last battle, bringing by this time the losses of the Nazis to 932 people (920 killed, 12 captured and another 7 captured enemy machine guns), he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero
Today, the media and printed works mention many dozens of Chechens and Ingush presented to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union and not approved in this title.
In 1996, from among the Chechens presented for this title, the President of Russia B. Yeltsin approved four participants in the Patriotic War as Heroes of Russia.
The fate of Mavlid Visaitov as the first Soviet officer who shook hands with the commander of the advanced American units, General Bolling, during historic meeting on the Elbe was Lieutenant Colonel Mavlid Visaitov, a Chechen by nationality.
The "Parliamentary newspaper" tells about his fate in the next issue. This fate is like a fairy tale.
Being the commander of a cavalry regiment, in the first months of the war he did not retreat, but advanced.
With dashing attacks, under the fire of machine guns and tanks, he knocked down patrols, smashed the advanced units of the enemy on the campaign.
For this, already in July 1941 he was presented to the Order of the Red Banner.
In those days and in that environment so high reward was not just a rarity - it is a unique case.
Then M. Visaitov received a horse as a gift.
The best horse that could then be found in Russia. Mikhail Sholokhov bought it at his own expense and sent it to the front with parting words - to give it to the best cavalryman of the Soviet Army. It turned out to be Chechen M. Visaitov.
Then came the deportation in February 1944. The command was given to slowly "withdraw" all Chechen officers from combat units, bring them to Moscow, and already here they were informed that they, together with the whole people, were to be deported to Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.
Then one hundred combat officers-order-bearers came to the snow-covered Red Square in the early morning and stood in formation in the hope that someone from the top leadership would be interested in this unusual parade and listen to them.
They stood all day, were surrounded by a company of the NKVD and, already being taken away, stumbled upon Marshal K. Rokossovsky leaving the Kremlin.
Thanks to his intervention, these Chechens were returned to units with the preservation of all awards and titles. And then there was Elba.
To General Bolling, in honor of the meeting, M. Visaitov presented the most precious thing he had - his horse. The general gave the Jeep.
In the same days, US President Truman signed the submission to the order "Legion of Honor" for M. Visaitov - an extremely rare award.
Suffice it to say that in the United States, if a cavalier of this order enters the room, all men stand up, including the president of the country.
1944 Chechens were awarded only in words - their award documents were shelved and never got out.
Before his Day of Restoration of Justice, the hero of Elba did not live only a few months.
Based on materials from www.chechen.org, from research by H.D. Oshaeva The remains of 850 people are buried in the Brest Fortress, of which the names of 222 heroes are known, which are placed on the slabs of the memorial.
Among them are three natives of Checheno-Ingushetia
Lalaev A.A.,
Uzuev M.Ya.,
Abdrakhmanov S.I.
Scientific and Methodological Council memorial complex The "Brest Fortress-Hero" recognizes and approves soldiers as participants in the defense and battles in the Brest region only if they have certain documents: information from military registration and enlistment offices or a military ID (Red Army book) of the soldier himself or two testimonies of participants in the defense of the fortress, etc.
From the one named by the Chechen writer, engaged in the search for the defenders of the fortress, Kh.D. Oshaev, the number of people in the museum has material on the following comrades, who are recognized as participants in the defense of the Brest Fortress and the battles in the Brest region:
Abdrakhmanov S.I. Baybekov A.S. Beitemirov S-A.M. Betrizov Kh.G.
Gaytukaev A.D. Lalaev A.A. Malaev A. Masaev (Zaindi Askhabov)
Tikhomirov N.I. Uzuev M.Ya. Khasiev A. Khutsuruev A. Tsechoev Kh.D.
Shabuev A.K. Edelkhanov D. Edisultanov A.E. Elmurzaev A.A.
Elmurzaev E.A. Esbulatov M. Yusaev M.
Many wartime archives have disappeared, and the personal documents of the few surviving Red Army soldiers of Chechen nationality who were expelled from their homeland have not been preserved, because in new places they were replaced with "certificates of special settlers."
List of participants in the defense of the Brest Fortress and the area adjacent to it, called up from Checheno-Ingushetia
Abaev Saypuddi, a Chechen from the village of Novye Atagi, Shalinsky district. Worked as a teacher. He was drafted into the army in October 1939. He served in the Brest fortress.
Abdulkadyrov Ali, a Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny region. He was a member of the Finnish campaign. Then he served in Brest.
Abdulmusliev Ayub, Chechen from the village of Beno-Yurt, Nadterechny district. He was drafted into the army in February 1940. He served in the 125th Infantry Regiment as a private.
Abdurakhmanov Kosum, a Chechen from the village of Znamenskoye, Nadterechny district. He was drafted into the army in February 1939. The regiment is unknown.
Abdurakhmanov Shamsu, a Chechen from the village of Alleroy, Nozhai-Yurt District. He was drafted into the army in 1939. He served in the 125th Infantry Regiment as a private.
Abdulkhadzhiev Dzhunaig, a Chechen from the village of Dachu-Barzoy, Grozny region. He was drafted into the army in the fall of 1940. He served in the 44th Infantry Regiment as a private.
Ablushev Khumand, a Chechen from the village of Nadterechnoye, Nadterechnoye district. Served in the fortress of Brest. The regiment is not known.
Aduev Eldarkhan, a Chechen from the village of Gukhoi, Soviet District. He was drafted into the army in February 1940. He served in the 333rd Rifle Regiment as a private.
Azamov Khalid, a Chechen from the village of Nadterechnoye, Nadterechnoye district. He was drafted into the army in February 1940.
Aleroev Salman Timaevich, Chechen from the village of Psedakh, Malgobek region. He was drafted into the army in February 1940.
Alibulatov Shakhabutdin, Chechen from the village of Kenkhi, Soviet District. He served as a private in the 333rd Infantry Regiment.
Aliev Mahmud, a Chechen from the village of Chishki, Grozny region.
Alisultanov Salambek, a Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny region. He served in the 125th Infantry Regiment as a private.
Ampukaev Akhmad, Chechen from the village of Duba-Yurt, Shali district. He served in the 125th Infantry Regiment as a private.
Anzorov Zaina, a Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny region. He served in the 125th Infantry Regiment as a private.
Arbiev Israil, a Chechen from the village of Znamenskoye, Nadterechny district. He was drafted into the army in October 1940. At first he served in the 222nd Infantry Regiment, stationed at the Cheremkha station Brest region. According to some reports, he served in the 125th Infantry Regiment.
Arsagireev Khozhakhmet, a Chechen from the village of Novye Atagi, Shalinsky district. Served in the 131st Artillery Regiment.
Arsemikov (Ibragimov) Abdul-Mutalib, a Chechen from the village of Starye Atagi, Grozny region. Served in the 131st Artillery Regiment.
Spinning, spinning, hitting a machine gun,
Spinning and spinning, singing a song.
Nuradilov lay down with his "maxim",
The Germans are mercilessly mowed down by "Maxim".
How much courage and how much fire
Chechnya breathed into the hero's heart!
We fight for the Terek on the blue Don,
We will defend dear country!
Shahin Bey, 1877-1920 His real name was Muhammad Sa'id.
Shaheen Bey, folk hero Turkey.
He was born in 1877 in the city of Antep, in a Chechen family.
Today the city is called Gazi-Antep. It means: Hero City.
The city was given this honorary title in honor of Muhammad Said, a Chechen.
Everyone in Turkey knows Muhammad Said as the man who defended Antep to the last drop of blood.
Today, in Turkish schools, students are told about the heroic deeds of the Chechen Muhammad Said, as the defender of the city of Antep.
He was nicknamed Shahin, which means "falcon" in Turkish.
Muhammad first enlisted in the army in 1899, he served in Yemen. Because of his exemplary behavior and heroic deeds in Yemen, he was given the rank of foreman.
Muhammad Said participated in military operations in Trablus. Because of his courage in this war, he was decorated and promoted to lieutenant.
Muhammad Said also participated in the war in the Balkans. He was sent to the war "Galich" of the 15th Ottoman Army, in 1917 he took command of the "Sina" front.
In 1918, after fierce fighting, Muhammad Said was left without a rear and ammunition. Muhammad Said was taken prisoner by the British. Until December 1919, he remained a prisoner of the British.
After the armistice, he was released and returned to Turkey.
On December 13, 1919, Muhammad Said, having been released from captivity, returned to Istanbul and immediately assumed a new post of military commandant in the city of Urfa.
Muhammad Said sees the occupation of the city of Antep and demands from the command that he be sent to this city. Then he is assigned to control the strategic road between the cities of Kilis and Antep.
Having served for decades in the Ottoman army and having been captured by the British, Muhammad Said finally returns to his native, but already occupied by the enemy, the city of Antep.
But Muhammad Said, who has not seen his relatives and his family for so many years, stays at home only for one day and immediately returns to work.
In 1920, Muhammad Said visited many villages near the city of Antep and made tablig1, i.e. explains that you need to go out on jihad.
Explains to people what jihad is and its significance in Islam, and gathers 200 volunteers who are ready to give their souls for the sake of the Almighty, protecting their city from the French invaders.
Muhammad Said is thinking about how to liberate the city from the invaders. He himself draws up a plan for the liberation of the city. The inhabitants of the city believe Muhammad Said and obey his every word.
The French, who have taken control of the city, do not believe that the Muslims will be able to do anything again.
Muhammad Said prepares the people for the fight, realizing that if the French do not receive reinforcements from the city of Kilis, they will not be able to defend the city from them. And the fight begins.
The French, as Muhammad Said supposed, are defeated and ask for help from Kilis, but our hero, who himself chose the bravest Mujahideen, stood in the way of the French army.
Not a single Frenchman was able to come to the aid of the besieged in the city.
Muhammad Said fought like a lion on the strategic road.
Muhammad Said sent a messenger with a message to the city of Antep, this message said: "Be calm, my brothers, as long as my heart beats, not one Frenchman will cross the bridge."
The French failed to take control of the city. And they did not receive the long-awaited help either.
Muhammad Said with a handful of Mujahideen did not allow the French to break through the only bridge leading to the city.
On February 18, 1920, Muhammad Said and his fighters repulsed the French army of many thousands. In this battle, they destroyed about a thousand Frenchmen.
When the city of Antep was taken by the Muslims, Muhammad Said sent an appeal to the French: “Every inch of this land that you trample on with your dirty feet is irrigated with the blood of martyrs. It is sweeter for us to die for religion, for honor, for our homeland, for freedom than to drink cold water from a stream on hot August days. Leave our lands. Or we will destroy you."
The French did not want to admit defeat and prepared new plan and new troops to take Antep. They were shocked by Muhammad Said, who defended the city with several Mujahideen.
The French transferred 8,000 infantry, 200 cavalry, 4 tanks, 16 guns to take Antep. Muhammad Said sent 100 Mujahideen against the French, who were ready to give their souls on this path.
March 25, early in the morning, the French begin their attack. Until late, Muhammad Said does not allow the enemy to cross the bridge. Warriors of Allah1a destroy thousands of Frenchmen.
On March 28, after 3 days of continuous fighting, Muhammad Sa'id's forces come to an end and some suggest that he retreat.
Muhammad Said answers them: “If the enemy crosses the bridge, with what face will I return to Antep? The enemy can only cross the bridge over my dead body."
The battle continued for the fourth day and only 18 people remained with Muhammad Said, the rest all became martyrs.
In the afternoon Muhammad Said was left alone against the French.
He fought to the last bullet. When the bullets ran out, he got up and rushed with a dagger at the French. Muhammad Said became a martyr, his whole body was riddled with bullets.
Then the French waited for a long time, afraid to approach his body. When enough time had elapsed, they approached and with their bayonets shredded the body of the dead hero.
Turks remember Shahin today. Poets write poems about him. Mothers name their children after him.
A Chechen who gave his life in jihad and for freedom, the Turkish people will always remember. The poet in his poems spoke of him like this:
Ask Shaheen, he was alone
On the bridge they tore him to pieces with bayonets,
The bandits have gathered at that place.
Wake up Shaheen, look...
Antep filled with French,
They are waiting for you, Shahin, come again ...
Muhammad Said, with his heroism, laid the love of freedom in the hearts of the Turks, filled them with courage, and soon the liberation struggle was launched throughout Turkey.
His 11 year old son also joined the army and participated in all the battles in the liberation struggle of the Turkish people.
The Chechens have always been a formidable adversary. They fought with us not for life, but to death.
V.A. Potto.
K.M. Tumanov in 1913 in his remarkable work "On the prehistoric language of Transcaucasia":
“The ancestors of modern Chechens are the offspring of the Aryan Medes, Matians, who, by the way, lived in the same satrapy with the Urartians. Having survived the latter, they finally disappeared from the borders of Transcaucasia by the beginning of the 8th century AD.
“During their independence, the Chechens lived in separate communities, governed “through the people's assembly. Today they live as a people who do not know class distinction.
It can be seen that they are significantly different from the Circassians, among whom the nobility occupied such a high place. This is the significant difference between the aristocratic form of the Circassian republic and the completely democratic constitution of the Chechens and tribes of Dagestan.
This determined the special nature of their struggle... The inhabitants of the Eastern Caucasus are dominated by minted equality, and everyone has the same rights and the same social status.
The authority that they entrust to the tribal foremen of the elected council was limited in time and scope ... Chechens are cheerful and witty. Russian officers call them the French of the Caucasus.” (author's note - True, the Chechens themselves - if they were called French - would consider it an insult)
(Chantre Ernest. Recherches ant-hropologiques dans le Caucase. Paris, - 1887. 4. 4 . C. 104, no Sanders A. Kaukasien
Kunachestvo and hospitality among this people are observed more strictly than among other highlanders. Kunak will not allow his friend to be insulted during the entire time that he is under his protection, and if he lives with him, he protects him from imminent danger, even at the cost of his own life.
Chechens are good shooters and have good weapons. They fight on foot. Their courage reaches a frenzy.
They never surrender, even if one of them remains against twenty, and the one who is taken by surprise by accident or oversight is covered in disgrace, as well as his family.
No Chechen girl will marry a young man who did not take part in the raids or who showed himself to be a coward in any battle.
The upbringing, lifestyle and internal management of the Chechens are what they should be among desperate people.
But Caucasian peoples with all their diversity historical destinies and origin, there is another common feature, especially pronounced among the Chechens: a deep inner awareness of the momentary nature of what is happening.
Living among the embodiment of eternity - the mountains, they feel time not as fleeting moments, but as the infinity of being. Perhaps this is the secret of the incredible courage of confronting tiny Chechnya.
“We had to wage the most difficult war in Chechnya, covered with centuries-old forests. The Chechens chose Germenchuk as a gathering point, the imam personally brought 6,000 Lezgins to their aid.
The Chechens were asked to surrender.
They answered: "We do not want mercy, we ask the Russians for one favor - let them let our families know that we died, as we lived - without submitting to someone else's power."
Then it was ordered to attack the village from all sides. Frantic firing opened, the outermost huts burst into flames. The first incendiary shells exploded, then they stopped bursting. Later, our people learned that the Chechens, lying on them, extinguished pipes before the fire communicated with gunpowder.
Little by little the fire engulfed all the houses. The Chechens sang a dying song.
Suddenly, a human figure jumped out of the burning sakli and a Chechen with a dagger rushed at our people. The Mozdok Cossack Atarschikov stabbed him in the chest. This pattern was repeated several times.
6 Lezgins crawled out of the burning ruins, miraculously surviving. They were immediately taken for dressing. Not a single Chechen surrendered alive"
(Chichakova, "Shamil in Russia and the Caucasus").
Khankala... This name has been attached to the gorge since ancient times. In the language of the Chechens, it means a guard fortress. There are many pages of history associated with it.
Here was located a large settlement of Chechen-Aul, which gave its name to the largest of the mountain peoples of the North Caucasus.
In the 17th century, at the mouth of the Khankala gorge, the Vainakhs were met by the hordes of the Crimean Khan, who intended to put peaceful mountain villages to fire and sword. They met and utterly defeated the 80,000th troops Through the ridges of centuries.
During the battle on the Sunzha River on July 4, 1785, the Georgian prince P. Bagration, who fought as part of the Russian troops, was wounded and captured.
During the battle, he showed courage and did not give up when all the nearby soldiers dropped their weapons and raised their hands. The transfer of the Russian landing force through the Sunzha bogged down and ended in the defeat of the Russian troops.
The saber was knocked out of the hands of the wounded Bagration, knocked down and tied up. After the battle, an equivalent exchange of prisoners traditionally took place, or a ransom if one of the parties did not have anyone to change.
After the exchange, the Russian command offered a large sum of money for Bagration. A boat with highlanders sailed from the opposite Chechen coast of the Sunzha.
When the boat moored to the shore where the royal battalions were, the Chechens carefully carried Bagration off the boat and laid him on the ground, already bandaged by Chechen doctors. And without uttering a word, without looking at anyone, they climbed back into the boat and began to push off from the shore.
"And money?" - Surprised Russian officers rushed to them, holding out a bag. None of the murids turned around. Only one Chechen looked at them with an impassive look, uttered something in Chechen and turned away.
The highlanders silently crossed the river and hid in the thickets of the forest.
"What did he say" - did the officers turn to the Kumyk interpreter?
The translator replied: "We do not sell brave men, and we do not buy"
"History of war and domination of Russians in the Caucasus" N.F.Dubrovin. 1888
The cute side of the Chechens is reflected in their epics and songs. Poor in terms of the number of words, but extremely figurative language of this tribe, as if created, according to knowledgeable researchers of the Andean Range, for a legend and a fairy tale, naive and instructive at the same time.
Humiliated braggarts, punished envious people and predators, the triumph of the magnanimous, albeit weak, respect for a woman who is an outstanding assistant to her husband and comrades - these are the roots folk art in Chechnya.
Add to this the highlander's wit, his ability to joke and understand a joke, gaiety that even plight of this tribe, and you, of course, with all your respect for uniformed moralists, will agree with me that the Chechen people as a people are in no way worse, and perhaps even better than any other that singles out such virtuous and merciless judges from their midst .
Vasily Nemirovich-Danchenko
“As for the Chechens, in my opinion, for the most part they have an increased potential for courage, energy and love of freedom.
At the end of the first Chechen war, I wrote in the then Nezavisimaya Gazeta that the Chechens, in terms of their qualities, including intellectual data, represent a certain fluctuation of positive properties.
I am familiar with many Chechens of different status and age, and I am always amazed at their intelligence, wisdom, composure, perseverance.
One of the components of the fluctuation mentioned above seems to me to be the fact that the Chechens, the only peoples among the peoples of the Russian Empire, did not have an aristocracy, never knew serfdom, and have been living without feudal princes for about three hundred years.
(Vadim Belotserkovsky, February 22, 2008)
After the crushing of France in 1812-1814. after defeating the also powerful Ottoman Empire in 1829, Russia set about the Caucasians.
Among them, the Chechens put up the fiercest resistance. They were ready to die, but not to part with freedom. This sacred feeling is the basis of the Chechen ethnic character to this day.
We now know that their ancestors were involved in the formation of human civilization in its primary focus in the Middle East. Hurrians, Mittani and Urartu - that's who is listed in the sources of Chechen culture.
The ancient peoples of the Eurasian steppes apparently also included their ancestors, because there are traces of the relationship of these languages. For example, with the Etruscans, as well as with the Slavs.
The traditional worldview of the Chechens reveals primordial monotheism, the idea of a single God.
The system of united self-governing teips centuries ago developed a single body Council of the country. He performed the functions of a unified military command, formed public relations, and carried out state functions.
The only thing he lacked for the rank of the state was a penitentiary system, including prisons.
So, the Chechen people lived for centuries with their own state. By the time Russia appeared in the Caucasus, the Chechens had completed their anti-feudal movement. But they left the functions of the state as a way of human coexistence and self-defense.
It was this nation that managed in the past to carry out a unique world experiment to achieve a democratic society.
Charles William Rekherton
The official Russian historiography carefully hides the real scale of the losses suffered during the aggressive wars of conquest.
Of course, if the Russian people knew what it costs them, they would not get involved in all sorts of adventures.
For example, what is the campaign of Prince Vorontsov against the Chechens in the 19th century worth. Of the 10 thousand Russians, 7 were destroyed.
On the way back to Russia, the officers were careful to ensure that Vorontsov did not shoot himself. Otherwise, one of them would have to answer to the king.
Vorontsov had nothing to lose, and he wrote to the tsar in his report about the colossal victory of the Russians, and the crushing defeat of the Chechens, for which he was granted a promotion.
Most likely, the king and his officials were not so stupid as to believe the absurd report. But as air, victories and a basis for further expansion into the Caucasus were needed.
After the punishment of Vorontsov, it would be more difficult for the tsar to send new recruits to the slaughterhouse.
They know how to appreciate dearly the dignity in a person, but in the excitement and the most great person they might die for nothing.
From the diary of a Russian soldier who was held captive by the Chechens for ten months during the Caucasian War of the 19th century.
When you look at the Chechen and our brother Vakhlak at the same time, ours gives the impression of a clumsy herbivore next to a stately and bold predator.
The Chechen has the variegated attire of some panther or leopard, the grace and flexibility of her movements, her terrible strength, embodied in elegant steel forms ...
This is truly a beast, perfectly equipped with all kinds of military weapons, sharp claws, powerful teeth, jumping like rubber, evasive like rubber, rushing away with lightning speed, overtaking and smashing with lightning speed, instantly igniting such malice and anger that a herbivore can never animate. ox"
(E.M. Markov, "Essays on the Caucasus", St. Petersburg, 1875).
The plane or, more correctly, the sloping northern slopes of the Caucasian ridge, covered with forests and fruitful valleys and inhabited in the eastern part by the Chechen tribe, the most warlike of the mountain tribes, has always been the heart, granary and the most powerful hire of the coalition of mountains hostile to us.
Shamil, knowing well the price of these foothills and choosing his residence initially Dargo, and then Vedeno, apparently tried to stay closer to Chechnya than to all his other possessions.
The significance of these foothills was also understood by the Commander-in-Chief, Prince Baryatinsky, who concentrated all our attacks on the Chechen lands, with the fall of which in April 1859, densely populated Dagestan could not resist even half a year, although it had a rest from our offensive actions, which had been stopped by Dagestan since 1849. .
(E. Selderetsky. Conversations about the Caucasus. Part 1, Berlin, 1870)
Meanwhile, Major General Grekov, taking advantage of a temporary lull, made several expeditions to Chechnya during the winter (1825) to punish the villages that had taken in fugitive Kabardians.
It was impossible to wish for more disastrous weather for the Chechens.
From the day of his departure from Grozny and until his return, the cold continued rather severe. In addition to deep snow in Chechnya, frosts constantly kept from 8 to 12 degrees, finally, sleet, which lasted 4 days, covered trees and all plants with ice, deprived livestock of the last means of food, while hay remained either in the villages or in the steppe.
These two extremes are strong enough to enslave any other nation, but have barely swayed a few Chechens. Their perseverance is incredible. That is, they did not extradite the Kabardians.
(Dubrovin N.F. ""History of war and dominion"", vol. VI, book 1, St. Petersburg, 1888, p. 527) 1919.
The Turkish officer, Huseyn Efendi, who, by the will of fate, found himself among the Chechens, did not hide his amazement and admiration.
"Highlanders, fighting with the Russians, stand incessantly in battles," he wrote. - Not receiving any money, no food, nothing in the literal sense.
I am afraid of Allah not to tell the truth that the highlanders, especially the Shatoevtsy, are worth a lot.
They are not afraid of either the enemy, or frost, or poverty, at my first click they set out on a campaign. If we do not thank them, Allah will thank them.
I am a Turk, but they are Chechens, and they stand for the faith. I'll be honest, I've never seen anything like it. I will never tear myself away from the mountaineers.
According to legend, Shamil was asked who in the imamate fought better than all the peoples? He said "Chechens".
"And who was the worst of all" and he answered "Chechens", and when his interlocutor was amazed, the imam explained, "the best of the Chechens were the best of all the rest, and the worst of them were the worst of all the rest"
1918 The Russians, who had expelled the Chechens from Grozny, were besieged by the highlanders there and fired cannons at the nearby villages.
Soon the Chechens succeeded, having disarmed the Vedeno garrison of the Russians, to take away 19 guns from them. Having transported these weapons to the besiegers of Grozny, the Chechens used them solely to force the Russians not to destroy their villages.
S. M. Kirov writes: "" If the Chechens decide to do away with Grozny, they can do it in a few minutes. They only have to fire a few shells at oil and gasoline tanks, and only ashes will remain of Grozny""
"The social life of the Chechens is distinguished in its structure by the patriarchy and simplicity that we find in primitive societies to which modernity has not yet touched any of its various aspects of civic life.
The Chechens do not have those class divisions that make up the character of European-organized societies.
Chechens in their vicious circle form a class - free people, and we do not find any feudal privileges between them "
(A.P. Berzhe, "Chechnya and Chechens", Tiflis, 1859).
At the time of agnatic unions, the image of a male warrior, warrior, defender of the union rises to the level of a comprehensive popular ideal that leaves its mark on all life in all its manifestations.
How this image should have been drawn before the mental gaze of the Ancient Caucasian highlander - we can judge this from the views of the Chechens - a people who are very weakly influenced by time and circumstances.
According to these views, a true warrior must first of all possess all the properties and qualities of a warrior of the heroic era of mankind;
He must be very indifferent to life,
love not peace and tranquility, but all kinds of dangers and swearing anxieties,
must be brave
unshakably firm, patient and enduring"
(N. Semenov, "Natives of the North-Eastern Caucasus", St. Petersburg, 1895).
So, in one Chechen song it is sung:
Belt on a thin camp
You replace it with a sash - the royal power tells you.
Finely tailored Circassian cloth
Change to rags - the royal power tells you.
Your papakha from astrakhan
Change to a cap - the royal power tells you.
Ancestral Steel Weapon
Replace with a twig - royal power tells you.
Get off your horse, which grew up with you,
Stand on foot - the royal power tells you.
To the murderers of your brothers who do not recognize God,
Become a slave and be quiet - the royal power tells you.
Go to sleep next to them in a common parking lot,
Eat from a bowl of one - royal power tells you ...
"A Chechen woman is freer than all women and therefore more honest than all."
If there were no reasons for strife among them, the Chechens would become very dangerous neighbors, and it is not without reason to apply to them what Thucydides said about the ancient Scythians:
"There is no people in Europe or in Asia who could resist them if the latter united their forces"
(Johan Blaramberg, "Caucasian Manuscript")
Industries of the Chechens. According to Marggraf (O. V. Marggraf.
Essay on handicrafts Sev. Caucasus, 1882), the Terek Cossacks bought from the Chechens in Mozdok, Grozny, Kizlyar (Bukhna, founded by Sharoytsy) and Khasav-Yurt (Khase Evla, founded by Chechens) about 1700 "Circassians" (Russian name) per year and the same number of caps in total for the amount of 10,000 rubles.
Chechen grain fed not only neighboring regions, but was exported to Turkey and Iran.
"According to official data, the population of Chechnya from 1847 to 1850 decreased by more than two times, and from 1860 to the time of the revolution (i.e. 1917) - almost four times," says the Encyclopedic Dictionary "Granat"
(vol. 58, ed. 7, Moscow, OGIZ, 1940, p. 183).
The fact that the pre-war number of Chechens was one and a half million people, says A. Rogov
(magazine "Revolution and Highlander", No. 6-7, p. 94).
By the end of the war in 1861, only 140 thousand people remained, and by 1867 - 116 thousand.
(Volkova N. G. "The ethnic composition of the population of the North Caucasus in the XIX century." Moscow, 1973, pp. 120 - 121.)
The scale of hostilities is also given by the number of tsarist troops concentrated in the Caucasus: from 250,000 in the mid-40s to 300,000 by the end of the 50s
(Pokrovsky M.N. "Diplomacy and wars of tsarist Russia in XIX century. M., 1923, p. 217 - 218).
These troops in the Caucasus, as Field Marshal Baryatinsky noted in his report to Alexander II, were "undoubtedly the best half of the Russian forces"
(Report of Field Marshal A. I. Baryatinsky for 1857 - 1859. Acts collected by the Caucasian archaeological expedition, vol. XII, Tiflis, 1904).
Dmitry Panin, a descendant of an ancient noble family, is a Russian scientist and religious philosopher who spent 16 years in the Stalinist camps.
In the 70s, his book "Lubyanka - Ekibastuz" was published in the West, which literary critics called "a phenomenon of Russian literature, equal to the "Notes from the House of the Dead" by F.M. Dostoevsky."
Here is what he writes in this book about the Chechens:
“The most successful and witty was the escape (from the Special Camp in Kazakhstan - V.M.) of two prisoners during a strong snowstorm.
During the day, rolls of compressed snow piled up, the barbed wire turned out to be covered, and the prisoners passed over it like over a bridge. The wind blew at their backs: they unbuttoned their pea jackets and pulled them up with their hands like sails.
Wet snow forms a solid road: during the snowstorm they managed to cover more than two hundred kilometers and reach the village. There they were arranging rags with numbers and mingled with the local population.
They were lucky: they were Chechens; they gave them hospitality. Chechens and Ingush are closely related Caucasian peoples of the Muslim religion.
Their representatives in the vast majority are resolute and courageous people.
When the Germans were expelled from the Caucasus, Stalin evicted these and other minorities to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Children, elderly and weak people died, but great tenacity and vitality allowed the Chechens to resist during the barbaric resettlement.
The strength of the Chechens was loyalty to their religion. They tried to settle in groups, and in each village the most educated of them took on the duty of a mullah.
They tried to resolve disputes and quarrels among themselves, without bringing them to the Soviet court; girls were not allowed to go to school, boys went to it for a year or two to learn only how to write and read, and after that no fines helped.
The simplest business protest helped the Chechens win the battle for their people. Children were brought up in religious ideas, albeit extremely simplified, in respect for their parents, for their people, for their customs, and in hatred for the godless Soviet cauldron, in which they did not want to boil for any bait.
At the same time, skirmishes invariably arose, protests were expressed. Petty Soviet satraps did dirty work, and many Chechens fell behind barbed wire.
We also had reliable, courageous, resolute Chechens with us. There were no informers among them, and if any appeared, they turned out to be short-lived.
I have had the opportunity to verify the loyalty of the Vainakhs - Muslims more than once. When I was a foreman, I chose Idris as an assistant to the Ingush and was always calm, knowing that the rear was reliably protected and every order would be carried out by the brigade.
In exile, I was in Kazakhstan at the height of the development of virgin lands, when, having received five hundred rubles for lifting, representatives of the underworld poured into it.
The party organizer of the state farm, fearing for his life, hired three Chechens as his bodyguards for a lot of money. To all the Chechens there, he was disgusting with his actions, but once they promised, they kept their word, and, thanks to their protection, the party organizer remained safe and sound.
Later, when I was free, I many times set Chechens as an example to my acquaintances and offered to learn from them the art of defending their children, protecting them from the corrupting influence of a godless, unprincipled government.
What was so simple and natural for the illiterate Vainakhs - Muslims, was shattered by the desire of educated and semi-educated Soviet Russians to give higher education their usually only child.
It was impossible for the common people, in the face of impugned atheism and the bloodless, defeated, almost everywhere closed Church, to defend their children alone.
The encyclopedic dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron, published in 1903, says about the Chechens:
“Chechens are tall and well built. Women are beautiful. ... Indomitability, courage, dexterity, endurance, calmness in the fight are the features of the Chechen, long recognized by everyone, even their enemies.
(Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron. 1903)
Speaking about the Chechens, Brockhaus also says that the Chechens are thinking of stealing:
“The biggest insult a girl can inflict on a guy is to say, ‘You can’t even steal a sheep.
It must be emphasized that Brockhaus did not deign to explain or did not understand the specific root of this theft, and thus simply hangs a label on the Chechens, accusing them of theft.
Meanwhile, the theft that Brockhaus speaks of applies exclusively and only to the enemy at war with them.
The meaning of the insult in question, consists in the fact that the Chechen girl insults the Chechen guy, who cannot do evil against the enemy of the Chechen people, even by stealing a ram, while the Chechen must in any way harm his hated enemies - those who are at war with the Chechens, even by robbery.
This is what "theft" is all about. In fact, what he calls theft was the robbery of exclusively military and military fortifications.
Well, if we talk about theft among the Chechens in general, as such, then the Chechens who were convicted of theft from time immemorial were expelled from their midst, and the guilty person could only settle where he was not known, since the shame from this is transferred to his relatives.
In support of what has been said, we cite the words of the captain of the tsarist army of the 19th century, I. I. Nordenstamm, who by no means can be suspected of sympathy for the Chechens:
“Theft from one’s enemy, especially from the unfaithful, is considered daring, among one’s own thefts are almost unheard of and are considered shameful ...”
(I.I. Nordenstamm. "Description of Chechnya with information of an ethnographic and economic nature." Materials on the history of Dagestan and Chechnya. 1940, p. 322.).
The Russian intelligentsia pays great attention to the peoples of the North Caucasus in their work - M.Yu. Lermontov, A.S. Pushkin, L.N. Tolstoy and others.
The best works written by them about the Caucasus are dedicated to the Chechens. They describe the life and customs of the Chechens with deep sympathy and respect. They described the love of freedom, courage, devotion and friendship of the Chechens.
They did not need to invent or embellish anything, they simply stated the facts, and they endowed the heroes of their works with such qualities.
The nobility that distinguishes the Chechens even in difficult moments of their lives is clearly expressed in Pushkin's "Tazit", when Tazit, brought up among the Chechens, leaves, leaving his enemy fratricide alive, due to the fact that he was unarmed and wounded.
"The killer was alone, wounded, unarmed"
(A.S. Pushkin. Complete. collected works. M., 1948. v.5. p.69. "Tazit".)
The custom of hospitality is especially revered by Chechens. A guest (khasha) among the Chechens is considered not only a specially invited guest, but also any acquaintance or completely stranger who asked to go to the house for rest, for the night, with a request for protection or assistance in something.
Chechen hospitality can be enjoyed by a person of any race and religion. The further the relationship with the guest, the more responsibility lies with the host in relation to ensuring the protection of the guest.
And in the Russian-Chechen war of 1994-96, the fighters of the Chechen Resistance themselves contacted the parents of the Russian soldiers captured by them, who came to kill the Chechens, and gave them their sons alive.
The parents of Russian soldiers, who came in search of captured and missing sons, were received by the Chechens at their homes, they were given lodging for the night, food, and no one ever had the thought of taking any payment for this.
The right to own a house, according to the custom of the Chechens, is considered sacred and inviolable. For the offense of the owner in his own house the offender bears more responsibility than for a similar offense inflicted elsewhere.
Entering someone else's house is supposed to ask the permission of the owner. Permission follows immediately.
For Chechens, it is considered a great shame for the house if a stranger, acquaintance or stranger, leaves the threshold of the house without meeting a warm welcome. Only people who have blood scores with someone are careful about inviting an unfamiliar guest to the house, because they are afraid that he may turn out to be their blood enemy.
A person who has visited, at least once, in the house of a Chechen, according to custom, is considered a friend and well-wisher of this house.
If, according to custom, any visitor or guest is to some extent accepted as a true friend, kunak, one’s own person, and even as a relative, then the custom requires from the visitor his own affection and loyalty to the owner, whom he visited at least once and “bread- salt", which he tasted.
“... touching a guest in the house would be the greatest crime, therefore, the guest, as a sign of his power of attorney to the owner, getting off his horse, always gives up his weapon, which he receives upon his departure”
Writes I.I. Nordenstamm, which in 1832 during a military campaign in eastern region Chechnya, collected some ethnographic information about the Chechens.
“Chechens are subtly polite hosts and guests. ... Chechens are distinguished by the most cordial hospitality. Everyone tries to surround the guest with that material allowance, which he himself does not have either on annual holidays, or at solemn moments for his family.
(Dubrovin. "History of the war and domination of the Russians in the Caucasus." 1871. T
If someone offends the guest, he thereby offends the host, and such an insult is perceived by the Chechens stronger than a personal insult.
W. Miller, A.P. Berger and other researchers note that violation of the custom of hospitality is considered a great crime among Chechens. The whole society turned away from the violator, he was despised, cursed, and under especially difficult circumstances, they were completely expelled from their environment.
“The feeling of hospitality has been absorbed into the blood and flesh of every Chechen. Everything for the guest, whoever he is. For the last savings, the Chechen buys a pound of sugar and an eighth of tea and does not use them at all, but keeps them especially for the guest.
A Chechen, when he has nothing to treat a guest, feels extremely embarrassed and almost disgraced. During the guest's stay, the host refuses personal comforts and puts him on his personal bed.
He escorts the guest, and if one is killed on the way (from him), then, together with the relatives of the murdered, declares revenge on the killer.
(D. Sheripov. Essay on Chechnya. (Brief ethnographic information). Grozny. 1926. p. 28.)
There are numerous materials that can be found, in particular in the Acts collected by the Caucasian Archaeographic Commission, proving, for example, how Russian soldiers fled to Chechnya during the long period of the Caucasian War.
The fugitive soldiers, despite the fact that they came to their land with the war, were received by the Chechens with respect, according to the Chechen custom of hospitality, and the fact that they were so received is clearly seen as royal authorities it was very difficult to force the Chechens to extradite the fugitives, for reprisal.
They offered a lot of money for them, and otherwise they threatened to destroy the whole Chechen village, which was sometimes carried out.
Details about the Kunaic connections during the Caucasian War can also be found in the reports of contemporaries.
So, for example, N. Semenov gives vivid examples of how Russian serfs, soldiers, Cossacks fled to the mountains. They always "found shelter and hospitality" among the Chechens and lived "quite well" in the villages of Chechnya.
(N. Semenov. "Natives of the North-Eastern Caucasus." St. Petersburg, 1895, p. 120.)
“Each house has a special section for guests, which is called Kunatsky, it consists of one or more rooms, depending on the owner’s condition, which is kept very clean,”
The same Nordenstamm writes (Materials on the history of Dagestan and Chechnya. 1940. p. 317.).
“The glorious Beybulat, the thunderstorm of the Caucasus, came to Arzrum with two foremen of the Circassian villages, who were indignant during recent wars. …
His arrival in Arzrum made me very happy: he was already my guarantee for a safe passage through the mountains to Kabarda.
(A.S. Pushkin. Op. vol. 5. M., 1960. p. 457.).
These words of Pushkin show us that the poet was familiar with the customs of the Chechens. He knew that he, even being a casual companion of the Chechen Taimi-Bibolt (Beibulat Taimiev), was guaranteed safety on such a dangerous path from Arzrum along the Georgian military road, which shows the joy of the poet's meeting with Beibulat.
L.N. Tolstoy, while in Chechnya, became friends with the Chechens Balta Isaev and Sado Misirbiev from Stary-Yurt, later renamed Tolstoy-Yurt. The writer spoke of his friendship with Sado as follows:
“Many times he proved his devotion to me, putting his life in danger because of me, but this means nothing to him, this is custom and pleasure for him”
(Collection. "The Caucasus and Tolstoy" edited by Semenov.L.P.).
As you know, it was the acquaintance with the Chechen way of life that prompted the great writer to accept Islam. And Lev Nikolaevich met his end of life on the way to Chechnya, where he was going, and where he was going to live his last days.
Many Chechens consider them humanists, and some even consider them to be the first Chechen human rights activists. The reason for this is the description by Russian writers in their works of the national qualities of the Chechens - courage, courage, bravery, nobility.
But the fact is that these writers did not invent anything, but simply wrote the truth.
One of the factors determining the features national character Chechens, is the Chechen folk social lyrics. Social lyrics include traditional songs of the Chechens, which served in the public mind to express inner world Chechens.
The Chechen song expresses the richness of the feelings of the people's soul with its sorrows and joys caused by certain historical events, the hard life of the people, the Chechens' love for freedom and hatred for the tsarist colonizers who brought slavery and oppression to the Chechens.
The Chechens do not and did not have a division into classes or any social groups: “The Chechens do not and never had their own princes, beks or any other rulers; everyone is equal…”
(Materials on the history of Dagestan and Chechnya. 1940. p. 323.)
The famous Caucasian scholar A.P. Berger, published in 1859 in his book "Chechnya and Chechens" writes:
“There is almost no difference in the way of life between the prosperous and the poor Chechens: the advantage of one over the other is expressed partly in clothing, but most of all in weapons and horses .... Chechens in their vicious circle form one class with themselves - free people, and we do not find any feudal privileges between them.
(A.P. Berge. "Chechnya and Chechens". Tiflis. 1859. pp. 98-99.).
Slavery, in any manifestation, and Chechen psychology are incompatible. Unlike others, a Chechen without hesitation will go to certain death than agree to be a slave, no matter how strong and countless the enemy is.
Slaves, as well as cowards, are treated by Chechens as despicable creatures. In the Chechen lexicon, a slave - barking - is the greatest insult.
This is also demonstrated in the works of M.Yu. Lermontov, when in "The Fugitive", the mother abandons her son, who "could not die with glory":
"By thy shame, fugitive of freedom,
I will not darken the old years,
You are a slave and a coward - and not my son! ... "
(M.Yu. Lermontov, collected works in 4 volumes, v.2. M., “ Fiction". 1964 p.49.).
In his article, Friedrich Bodenstedt (Frankfurt, 1855) wrote:
“From century to century, the powerful Russian state subjected the Chechen people, their historical and cultural heritage- Russia has waged war against the Chechens for many centuries, but has never been able to finally defeat them.
Benckendorff relates an amazing episode:
“Once, on one market day, a quarrel arose between the Chechens and the Apsheronians (soldiers of the Apsheron regiment. - Ya.G.), the Kurins (soldiers of the Kurinsky regiment. - Ya.G.) did not fail to take a serious part in it.
But who did they help? Of course, not to the Absheron people!
"How can we not protect the Chechens," the Kura soldiers said, "they are our brothers, we have been fighting with them for 20 years!"
During the conquest of the North Caucasus, the Chechens were rightly considered the most active and strongest opponents of the tsarist government.
The onslaught of the tsarist troops on the highlanders caused them to unite to fight for their independence, and in this struggle of the highlanders the Chechens played an outstanding role, supplying the main fighting forces and food for the gazavat (holy war) "Chechnya was the granary of the gazavat."
(TSB, Moscow, 1934, p. 531)
The government commission, having studied the issue of recruiting them to serve in the Russian army, in 1875. reported:
"" Chechens, the most warlike and dangerous highlanders of the North. Caucasus, they are ready-made warriors .... Chechens literally from childhood get used to communicating with weapons. Shooting at night offhand, at the sound, at the light, shows the clear advantage of the highlanders in this over trained Cossacks and especially soldiers ""
Abstracts of reports .... Makhachkala, 1989, page 23
“Chechens are very poor, but they never go for alms, they don’t like to ask, and this is their moral superiority over the highlanders. Chechens in relation to their own never give orders, but say
""I would need it, I would like to eat, I will do it, I will go, I will find out if God wills.""
There are almost no swear words in the local language....""
S. Belyaev, diary of a Russian soldier who was a prisoner of the Chechens for ten months.
"" During their independence, the Chechens, in contrast to the Circassians, did not know the feudal system and class divisions. In their independent communities, governed by popular assemblies, everyone was absolutely equal. We are all bridles (i.e. free, equal), the Chechens now say.
(Encyclopedic Dictionary of F. A. Brockhaus, I. A. Efron. Vol. XXXVIII A, St. Petersburg, 1903)
Describing the situation in the field of education, contrary to the imperial myths about the "dark mountaineers", the well-known Caucasian scholar - tsarist general P.K. Uslar wrote:
"If education is judged by the proportionality of the number of schools with the mass of the population, then Caucasian highlanders in this respect have outstripped many European nations.
The Chechens are undoubtedly the bravest people in the Eastern Mountains. Hiking in their lands has always cost us huge bloody sacrifices.
(N.F. Dubrovin, "History of the war and domination of Russians in the Caucasus")
In his apology for the Russian colonization of the Caucasus, Alexander Kaspari describes the Chechens as follows:
“The upbringing of a Chechen is based on obedience, on the ability to restrain his feelings within the proper limits, on the other hand, he is given complete freedom to develop individual abilities as he pleases.
The consequence of this was that the Chechens are very smart, dexterous and resourceful.
Despite the respect for their titled persons and elders, the Chechens never reach the level of servility and servility, and if some authors accuse them of this, then this shows their little knowledge of the Chechen character.
This is not a repetition of the above statement. The above statement by Berger, and this statement by Caspari, although they are half similar.
"Chechens, both men and women, are an extremely beautiful people in appearance. They are tall, very slender, their physiognomies, especially their eyes, are expressive; Chechens are agile and dexterous in their movements; by nature they are all very impressionable, cheerful and very witty, for which they are called the "French" of the Caucasus, but at the same time suspicious and vindictive. At the same time, the Chechens are indomitable, unusually hardy, brave in attack, defense and pursuit "
(Kaspari A.A. “The Conquered Caucasus”, kn-1, pp. 100-101.120, appendix to the Rodina magazine, M. 1904).
Unfortunately, the questions of the ethnogenesis of the Vainakhs have not been the subject of a special study of historians. Historians, linguists, archaeologists only incidentally touch upon the origin of the Vainakhs as an ethnic group in their writings, and perhaps they were forbidden to write Pravda about the Chechens, as this would instill a love of exploited peoples for freedom and equality.
The original features inherent in the Chechens, their way of life, culture only to a small extent served as the subject of publicity.
It is impossible to get around the piety and courage of Chechen women without mentioning this from a multitude of examples.
In 1944, on February 23, during the eviction of the Chechens, on this tragic day, when everyone from young to old was declared enemies of the motherland, loaded onto Studebakers, they were taken away from their native villages, not even allowing them to take food and clothes.
People were shot not only for the slightest disobedience, but even for an angry look at the ongoing genocide. On this terrible day, it would seem impossible to think of anything else.
A Chechen woman, whose stomach was torn open by a Red Army soldier, trying to restrain her falling out insides with her hands, shouted to her brother-in-law, who wanted to help her: “Do not go into the house, I can see shameful places!”.
This is what it is, the moral image of Chechen women.
The well-known historian linguist Joseph Karst states that the Chechens, sharply separated from other mountain peoples of the Caucasus by their origin and language, are the remnant of some great ancient people, whose traces are caught in many areas of the Middle East, up to the borders of Egypt.
I. Karst in his other work called the Chechen language the northern offspring of the proto-language, considering the language of the Chechens, as well as the Chechens themselves, as a remnant of the most ancient primary people.
The Chechen village of Dadi-Yurt, located on the right bank of the Terek, was wiped off the face of the earth in 1818 by order of the viceroy of the tsar in the Caucasus, General Yermolov.
Before the start of the battle, the parliamentarians appealed to the command of the tsarist troops to release women, children and the elderly from the village. But the tsarist officers said that the proconsul Yermolov ordered the whole village to be punished.
“Then look how Chechens can die in battle,” they received an answer from Chechen parliamentarians.
The whole village fought - women, children and the elderly helped the men. Someone helped in any way they could, someone loaded the guns, someone bandaged the wounds, and someone stood next to the men.
When the Chechens ran out of gunpowder and bullets, and the tsarist troops, having razed the village to the ground with a preliminary bombardment, entered it, the Chechens, who came out from under the shelters, unsheathed their daggers, rushed into a furious hand-to-hand attack.
Russian soldiers - old-timers of the Caucasian war testified that they had never seen such a fierce battle.
After the end of the battle, more than ten Chechen women were captured. When they were being transported to the left bank of the Terek, the Chechen women, having told a friend to a friend "we will not let these giaurs trample on the Honor of our men," and taking one Cossack escort each, rushed into the stormy river.
I heard from the old people that they were witnesses as Cossacks, passing through a wasteland where the village of Dadi-Yurt was once located, dismounted from their horses and took off their hats.
“But there was one nation that did not succumb to the psychology of humility at all - not loners, not rebels, but the whole nation as a whole. These are the Chechens.
A. Solzhenitsyn.
(http://cis-development.ru/knigi/chast1.html)
“I have seen many nations, but such recalcitrant and unyielding people as the Chechens do not exist on earth, and the path to the conquest of the Caucasus lies through the conquest of the Chechens, or rather, through their complete destruction.”
" Sovereign! .. The mountain peoples, as an example of their independence, in the most subjects of your imperial majesty give rise to a rebellious spirit and love for independence».
N.F. Dubrovin, "History of the war and domination of the Russians in the Caucasus":
“Chechens are undoubtedly the bravest people in the Eastern Mountains. Campaigns in their lands have always cost us huge bloody sacrifices. But this tribe was never fully imbued with Muridism. Of all the highlanders, they alone forced Shamil, who ruled despotically in Dagestan, to make them a thousand concessions in the form of government, national duties and ritual rigor of faith.
A. Dumas. Caucasus. (Paris, 1859):
Chechens- magnificent riders - they can overcome one hundred and twenty, one hundred thirty or even one hundred and fifty miles in just one night. Their horses, without slowing down their pace - always at a gallop - storm such slopes, where, it would seem, even footmen cannot pass. A highlander riding on horseback never looks at the road in front of him: if there is a crevice on the way that his horse does not dare to overcome at once, the Chechen wraps the head of the horse with a cloak and, trusting himself to the Almighty, makes the pacer jump over an abyss up to twenty feet deep.
The unenviable state of affairs in the foothills of the Caucasus was described by Professor S.N. Rukavishnikov in his report, read on October 11, 1912 at a meeting of the Society of History Advocates:
“Although the Caucasus has been conquered by Russia, it is not completely peaceful. The Muslim peoples inhabiting it in the wilderness of their villages breathe irreconcilable hatred for Russia and are only waiting for an opportunity to stand up for Islam... geographic location, until now it is a completely isolated, impregnable, wild country ... ”According to Rukavishnikov, the authorities (then St. Petersburg) and the local Caucasian administration were to blame for everything, which does not even try to attach Chechnya to the benefits modern culture, to connect it with the outside world at least by some roads. “Under the influence of all these circumstances, as well as due to the natural ardent and ardent nature of the Chechens, a militant, freedom-loving and fanatical tribe has developed from the latter, easily amenable to propaganda of Muslim hatred for “giaurs,” the professor concluded.
General Mikhail Orlov, 1826:
“It is just as impossible to subdue the Chechens as it is to smooth out the Caucasus. Who, besides us, can boast that he saw the Eternal War?
Maxim Shevchenko:
“Chechens are the most educated people in the Russian Federation. By virtue of national characteristics, due to their closeness and conservatism, the Chechens were able to turn the Kazakh exile into an opportunity for an innovative breakthrough. While many peoples of the Caucasus and the Caucasus, having fallen into exile, practically died, the minimally Russified Chechens managed to intensify their lives and dramatically, abruptly, many times increase the level of education. The Chechens came to the situation of the 90s organically belonging to the high-tech part of the Soviet elite. Let me remind you that many ministers in the raw materials, oil and gas, and gas industries were Chechens and Ingush.”
V. Potto, 19th century:
“Someone rightly noted that in the type of Chechen, in his moral character, there is something reminiscent of a wolf. The lion and the eagle depict strength, they go to the weak, and the Wolf goes to a stronger one than himself, replacing everything in the latter case with boundless audacity, courage and dexterity. And once he gets into hopeless trouble, he dies in silence, without expressing either fear, or pain, or a groan.
Vadim Belotserkovsky, 22.02.08:
“As for the Chechens, in my opinion, for the most part they have an increased potential for courage, energy and love of freedom. At the end of the first Chechen war I wrote in the then Nezavisimaya Gazeta that Chechens, in terms of their qualities, including intellectual data, represent a certain fluctuation of positive properties. I am familiar with many Chechens of different status and age, and I am always amazed at their intelligence, wisdom, composure, perseverance. One of the components of the fluctuation mentioned above seems to me to be the fact that the Chechens, the only peoples among the peoples of the Russian Empire, did not have an aristocracy, never knew serfdom, and have been living without feudal princes for about three hundred years.
Jan Chesnov:
Chechens are a small people, their country does not take up much space on the geographical map. But on the ethnic map, on the map of peoples and cultures, Chechnya is a civilization comparable in status to, say, Russia's. It sounds extremely unexpected, but it is true.
Prediction from an old manuscript of the 18th century:
“…Like a whip falling from the hands of a horseman caught on the way by a sandstorm, the Chechens will disappear… However, the same wind blowing in the opposite direction will blow away the sand and the whip will again appear in the world. So the Chechens will go into oblivion for a while, resurrect again for goodness and justice and live to the Day of Judgment.”
General M.Ya. Olshevsky:
“We tried to destroy the Chechens, as our enemies, by all means and even turn their advantages into disadvantages. We considered them to be an extremely fickle, gullible, treacherous and treacherous people because they did not want to fulfill our demands, which were inconsistent with their concepts, customs, customs and way of life. We defamed them so only because they did not want to dance to our tune, the sounds of which were too harsh and deafening for them ... "
Johann Blaramberg, "Caucasian Manuscript":
“... If there were no reasons for strife among them, the Chechens would become very dangerous neighbors, and one can apply to them, not without reason, what Thucydides said about the ancient Scythians: “There is no people in Europe or in Asia who could resist them if the latter would join forces"
Joseph Kobzon:
... But there is education: respect for the elder, respect for a friend, respect for a woman, law-abiding. Respect for religion, and not feigned, not far-fetched, but real. I love and respect the Vainakhs very much. And they show me the most good relations, if only for the simple reason that in all my long life I have never, by word or deed, betrayed this people. Chechens are a courageous, invincible, morally pure people. And the bandits? So they are among Russians, bandits and Jews have enough ...
... And when my son or daughter starts to argue with me, I say: “You should have been sent to Chechnya for education, you would have learned to respect your parents ... I like this culture.
Dmitry Panin , a descendant of an ancient noble family, a Russian scientist and religious philosopher who spent 16 years in Stalin's camps. In the 70s, his book “Lubyanka - Ekibastuz” was published in the West, which literary critics call “a phenomenon of Russian literature, equal to F.M. Dostoevsky". Here is what he writes in this book about the Chechens:
“The most successful and witty was the escape (from the Special Camp in Kazakhstan - V.M.) of two prisoners during a heavy snowstorm. During the day, shafts of compressed snow piled up, the barbed wire turned out to be covered, and the prisoners passed over it like over a bridge. The wind blew at their backs: they unbuttoned their pea jackets and pulled them up with their hands like sails. Wet snow forms a solid road: during the snowstorm they managed to cover more than two hundred kilometers and reach the village. There they were arranging rags with numbers and mingled with the local population. They were lucky: they were Chechens; they gave them hospitality. Chechens and Ingush are closely related Caucasian peoples of the Muslim religion.
Their representatives in the vast majority are determined and courageous people. They viewed Hitler as a liberator from the shackles of Stalinism, and when the Germans were driven out of the Caucasus, Stalin deported these and other minorities to Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Children, elderly and weak people died, but great tenacity and vitality allowed the Chechens to resist during the barbaric resettlement. The main strength of the Chechens was loyalty to their religion. They tried to settle in groups, and in each village the most educated of them took on the duty of a mullah. They tried to resolve disputes and quarrels among themselves, without bringing them to the Soviet court; girls were not allowed to go to school, boys went to it for a year or two to learn only to write and read, and after that no fines helped. The simplest business protest helped the Chechens win the battle for their people. Children were brought up in religious ideas, albeit extremely simplified ones, in respect for their parents, for their people, for their customs, and in hatred for the godless Soviet cauldron, in which they did not want to boil for any bait. At the same time, skirmishes invariably arose, protests were expressed. Petty Soviet satraps did dirty work, and many Chechens got caught behind barbed wire. We also had reliable, courageous, determined Chechens with us. There were no informers among them, and if any appeared, they turned out to be short-lived. I have had the opportunity to verify the loyalty of Muslims more than once. When I was a foreman, I chose an Ingush Idris as my assistant, and I was always calm, knowing that the rear was reliably protected and every order would be carried out by the brigade. In exile, I was in Kazakhstan at the height of the development of virgin lands, when, having received five hundred rubles for lifting. Representatives of the underworld poured in there. The party organizer of the state farm, fearing for his life, hired three Chechens as his bodyguards for a lot of money. To all the Chechens there, he was disgusting with his actions, but once they promised, they kept their word, and, thanks to their protection, the party organizer remained safe and sound. Later, when I was free, I many times set the Chechens as an example to my acquaintances and offered to learn from them the art of defending their children, protecting them from the corrupting influence of a godless, unprincipled government. What was so simple and natural for illiterate Muslims was shattered by the desire of educated and semi-educated Soviet Russians to necessarily give higher education to their, as a rule, only child. To ordinary people With the godlessness being hammered in and the Church drained of blood, destroyed, almost everywhere closed, it was impossible to defend one's children alone.
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“The administration of the chief of the Left flank of the Caucasian line included the space bounded by the main ridge of the mountains, pp. Andian Koisu, Sulak, Caspian Sea and rivers. Terek, Assy and Daut-Martan. The main population of this space is the Chechen tribe, the strongest, most violent and warlike of all the Caucasian peoples ... "
“The movement of the highlanders of the North-Eastern Caucasus in the 20-50s. 19th century". Makhachkala 1959, Dagestan branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences, p. 280, document No. 154. General Pullo's memorandum on the situation on the left flank of the Caucasian line from 1834 to 1840. and measures necessary to strengthen the power of the tsarist government over the highlanders. 1840"
Speaking about the settlement of these lands by Chechens, Professor P. I. Kovalevsky wrote that they “… little by little began to descend from the mountains and gradually occupy the Kumyk area under their auls. So formed whole line auls from the Kachkalykovsky ridge and almost to Kizlyar along the Terek, forming the Kachkalykovsky Chechnya ”(23). Their influence in Aukh and throughout the Tersko-Sulak interfluve was so great that, as General V. Potto wrote, "... none of the Kumyk princes ... dared to leave without being accompanied by a Chechen."
The plane or, more correctly, the sloping northern slopes of the Caucasian ridge, covered with forests and fruitful valleys and inhabited in the eastern part by the Chechen tribe, the most warlike of the mountain tribes, has always been the heart, granary and most powerful hire of the coalition of mountains hostile to us.
E. Selderetsky. Conversations about the Caucasus. Part 1, Berlin, 1870:
Shamil, knowing well the price of these foothills and choosing his residence initially Dargo, and then Vedeno, apparently tried to stay closer to Chechnya than to all his other possessions. The significance of these foothills was also understood by the Commander-in-Chief Prince Baryatinsky, who concentrated all our strikes on the Chechen lands, with the fall of which in April 1859 the densely populated Dagestan could not resist even half a year, although it had a rest from our offensive actions, which had been stopped by Dagestan since 1849. .
Abstracts of reports and reports of the All-Union Scientific Conference June 20-22, 1989. Makhachkala, 1989, p. 23:
The Russian government commission, having studied the issue of recruiting them to serve in the Russian army, reported in 1875: “Chechens ... the most militant and dangerous highlanders of the North Caucasus, are ... military service hardly anything in the sense of a dashing ride and the ability to wield weapons ... Chechens literally from childhood get used to communicating with weapons ... Shooting at night at a glance: at the sound, at the light, shows a clear advantage of the highlanders in this over trained Cossacks and especially soldiers.
.“Conquered Caucasus. Essays on the Historical Past and Modern Caucasus St. Petersburg. 1904 Kaspari):
“Chechens, both men and women, are extremely beautiful in appearance. They are tall, very slender, their physiognomies, especially their eyes, are expressive; Chechens are agile and dexterous in their movements; by nature they are all very impressionable, cheerful and witty, for which they are called the "French of the Caucasus", but at the same time suspicious, quick-tempered, treacherous, insidious, vengeful. When they strive for their goal, all means are good for them. At the same time, the Chechens are indomitable, unusually hardy, brave in attack, defense and pursuit. These are predators, of which there are few among the proud knights of the Caucasus; and they themselves do not hide this, choosing among the animal kingdom their ideal of the wolf.
Nemirovich-Danchenko V. Along Chechnya:
“The cute side of the Chechens is reflected in their epics and songs. Poor in the number of words, but extremely figurative language of this tribe, as if created, according to knowledgeable researchers of the Andean Range, for legend and fairy tale - naive and instructive at the same time. Humiliated braggarts, punished envious people and predators, the triumph of the generous, although sometimes weak, respect for a woman who is an assistant to her husband and comrade - these are the roots of folk art in Chechnya. Add to this the wit of a highlander, his ability to joke and understand a joke, gaiety that even the difficult current situation of this tribe has not mastered, and you, of course, with all due respect to uniform moralists, will agree with me that the Chechens are a people as a people, nothing worse, and perhaps even better than any other, who singles out such virtuous and merciless judges from his midst. The ability of this tribe is beyond doubt. Of the Caucasian intellectuals, there are already many Chechens in schools and gymnasiums. Where they study, they will not be praised. Those who arrogantly humiliate the incomprehensible highlander must at the same time agree (...) that when talking with a simple Chechen, you feel that you are dealing with a person who is sensitive to such phenomena of public life, which are almost inaccessible to our peasant of the middle provinces.
V.A. Potto. Historical sketch of the Caucasian wars ... (Tiflis, 1899):
The Chechens have always been a formidable adversary. They fought with us not for life, but for death.
S. Belyaev, diary of a Russian soldier who was held captive by the Chechens for ten months:
“Chechens are very poor, but they never go for alms, they don’t like to ask, and this is their moral superiority over the highlanders. Chechens in relation to their own never give orders, but say "I would need this, I would like to eat, I will do it, I will go, I will find out if God wills." There are almost no swear words in the local language ... "
A.A. Bestuzhev-Marlinsky in "Letter to Dr. Erman":
“... Chechens did not burn houses, did not deliberately trample cornfields, did not break vineyards. “Why destroy the gift of God and the work of man,” they said ... And this rule of the mountain “robber” is a valor that the most educated peoples could be proud of if they had it ... "
The truth about Chechens - "real men" and "invincible warriors"
Not a single site took this article of mine, even the most frostbitten resources sent me nah. One man even said: “Are you crazy? Because of this text, a war can start.” Well, cool - the first banned article in my career.
On February 3, I, like most of the male population of Russia, raised a couple of toasts to the defenders of the Fatherland. I drank these glasses alone, but from the bottom of my heart, mentally congratulating all the soldiers who defended their Motherland. A most spent the day at the TV screen, clicking on the remote control. 70% of holiday broadcasts were dedicated to the Great Patriotic War, 10% to Afghanistan and 20% to Chechnya. After looking at the dead bearded faces of Chechen bandits and the ruins of Grozny, I thought: why did this Chechnya become such a thorn in the paw of the Russian bear, why wasn’t it slaughtered in a couple of days like a cockroach?
There are two reasons for this for me. First, through and through the corrupt top Russian army, which during the years of the Chechen campaigns was looking for personal gain, and did not work in the interests of the country. Secondly, the absence of all human qualities among the Chechen militias - I will not call them militants: for me it is a movie genre, besides, such a word implies at least some kind of nobility. The combination of these two factors led to the fact that too many Russians died in Chechnya for such an anti-terrorist operation of Russians. First-year soldiers went to fight in the mountains, they did not know how to properly hold a machine gun. The Chechens, under the leadership of mercenaries, fired back at these defenseless targets and began to consider themselves the best warriors in the world. In their opinion, Vainakhs = terminators. And this despite the fact that Chechnya was smashed stone by stone, and part of the population was not destroyed just because Russia is a civilized Christian country.
So after all, who are the Chechens and why have they always been a problem for Russia. Here you can not do without a cursory digression into history.
History does not know the exact origin of the Proto-Vainakh tribes. The first written source about the ancient period in the history of the Vainakhs is the work of a prominent Armenian scientist and encyclopedist of the 6th century. Anania Shirakatsi "Armenian geography". There he mentions the self-name of the Chechens "Nokhchamatians" - people who speak Chechen: "Nakhchamateans (Naksamats) and another tribe live at the mouth of the Tanais River." Where they came from is not important to us. Their lifestyle matters. Nokhchi has always been a headache for the neighbors. While other tribes were engaged in cattle breeding or agriculture, the ancient Chechens did not recognize work as such and traded in robberies and horse stealing.
The history of the Russian-Chechen confrontation dates back to the end of the 17th - the beginning of the 18th century, when Russia waged numerous long and stubborn wars with Turkey, Persia, Crimean Khan. Caucasian Range was a natural barrier between Russia and its enemies, so it was strategically important for the Empire to keep it under control. At this time, the highlanders began their attacks. One of the first documented facts of an attack on Russian troops is an attack by Chechens in 1732 on a Russian battalion that was making the transition from Dagestan to Stavropol. From 1785 to 1791, gangs of Chechens treacherously (otherwise they could not) attacked Russian tillers who were developing the areas of the present Stavropol Territory. At the end of the victorious war with Napoleon, Alexander I began a series of Caucasian wars. This step was prompted by the constant Chechen robberies, robberies, massive cattle thefts, the slave trade, and attacks on military garrisons. These wars lasted until 1864, and acquired the greatest scope in 1834, when Imam Shamil became the head of the rebellious highlanders.
By the way, this character is now an example for every Chechen. About the enemy of Russia, on whose conscience more than one liter of shed Orthodox blood, these days young Chechen pop stars sing songs.
Shamil was caught and destroyed. Together with him, a number of rebellious imams were allowed to go to waste. When Field Marshal Paskevich took over the reins of the army, our army resorted to the tactics of "scorched earth" - the rebellious villages were completely destroyed, and the population was completely destroyed. There was no other way out - only this helped to break the resistance of the Chechens. However, individual bandit attacks were observed until the revolution of 1917. Well, “nohcho” cannot live otherwise.
Why did they last so long? Maybe because they are strong, brave and smart? The answer to this question will be given by the following historical fact - already during the Civil War.
Anton Ivanovich Denikin, one of the main leaders white movement- was under the command of the so-called Wild Division, formed from Chechens and Ingush. The "savages" went to fight him, thinking that in this way they oppose the Russian Empire. In the memoirs of a certain person with the significant surname Breshko-Breshkovsky, the valor and invincibility of this division were mentioned. Like, they all showed themselves to be just John Rimbaud during the First World War. There is no information about the identity of this Breshko-Breshkovsky in history, but his myth about the Wild Division remained.
In 1919, Denikin sent these "terminators" under the leadership of General Revishin to Ukraine to suppress the Makhno uprising. The wild cavalry division, reinforced by several marching squadrons and artillery, was in the second echelon shock group. Moving through the territory of Ukraine, they really forced themselves to be afraid - they robbed the local population, raped women, slaughtered adults and children.
And in the very first real battle, the Chechen-Ingush "army" was practically destroyed. In that battle, the opponents repeatedly met in hand-to-hand combat, and at the end of the battle, the Makhnovists shot several native squadrons from wheelbarrow machine guns. The "Wild Division" lost more than a thousand soldiers, and the Makhnovist rebels - about forty. Here is how eyewitnesses of those events described the defeat of the Chechens:
- “with one blow, the head, neck and half of the body were cut, or half of the head was beveled as precisely as if they were cutting a watermelon.”
- “The wounds of the Chechens were mostly fatal. I myself saw chopped skulls, saw a cleanly cut off arm, a shoulder cut to the 3rd or 4th rib - only well-trained cavalry soldiers could cut like that.
After that, the surviving Chechens categorically stated that they did not want to fight anymore, arbitrarily abandoned their posts and Denikin's army and went to their place in the Caucasus. General Revishin later managed to create another Wild Division, but there was no semblance of discipline in it - there was only one primitive robbery - the main craft of the Chechens from century to century. The team was called the Chechen Cavalry and transferred to the Crimea. What they did there was excellently and succinctly described by General Slashchev-Krymsky:
- “Magnificent robbers in the rear, these mountaineers of the Red raid in early February on Tyup-Dzhankoy slept superbly, and then just as magnificently fled, leaving all six guns. There were so few Reds that the counterattack I launched did not even catch them, but found only guns that had fallen through the ice. I especially felt sorry for the two lungs: the castles and panoramas were carried away by the red and the corpses of the guns remained.
And the officer of the Wild Division Dmitry de Witte summed up the Chechen "exploits" of the times of the Civil War.
“The proportion of a Chechen as a warrior is small; by nature, he is an abrek robber, and, moreover, not one of the brave: he always plans a weak victim for himself and, in case of victory over it, becomes cruel to the point of sadism. In battle, his only drive is the thirst for robbery, as well as the feeling of animal fear of the officer. They do not endure a stubborn and prolonged battle, especially on foot, and easily, like any wild person, are subject to panic at the slightest failure. Having served for about a year among the Chechens and having visited them at home in the villages, I think that I will not be mistaken in asserting that all the beautiful and noble customs of the Caucasus and the adats of antiquity were created not by them and not for them, but, obviously, by more cultured and gifted tribes."
At Soviet power Chechnya was presented with a lot of land, they recognized Sharia. The area began to develop. In 1925, the first Chechen newspaper appeared. In 1928 - Chechen radio. Illiterate Chechens began to learn the alphabet. Two pedagogical and two oil technical schools were opened in Grozny, and then the first national theater. True, it was not possible to create a Chechen intelligentsia. Why - but look who is the worst student in the institutes. In MGIMO, RGSU, RGGU, for example, Chechens, Ingush and, for some reason, Vietnamese are considered the most stupid.
How did the descendants of the Wild Division thank the Soviet authorities? Terror and pogroms of government institutions, the disruption of grain procurement in the flat parts of Dagestan and Ingushetia, the demand to replace the elected bodies of Soviet power with elders Chechen teips. In total, from 1920 to 1941, only in the territory of Chechnya and Ingushetia, there were 12 major armed uprisings (with the participation of from 500 to 5000 bandits) and more than 50 less significant ones.
And now let's jump into the terrible years of the Great Patriotic War. From June 22 to September 3, 1941, more than 40 bandit rebellions were registered. Gang formations in 20 villages of Chechnya by February 1943 numbered more than 6540 people. And this is in the most difficult time for the country. So was it really unjustified the decision of the State Defense Committee of the USSR No. 5073 of January 31, 1944 on the liquidation of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and the deportation of Chechens, Ingush, Karachays, Balkars from their places of permanent residence?
Only in 1957, the Supreme Soviet of the USSR issued a resolution on the restoration of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic and allowed the repressed peoples to return to their historical homeland. The Chechen question arose again. Despite the fact that in the shortest possible time the Russians brought the region to the pre-war level of oil production and industrial development, the attitude of the locals towards them did not change. The more natives came, the more Russian laborers left, not wanting to risk their lives. In the 90s - when there were almost no Russians left in Chechnya - production, economics, and science finally stopped.
Why, then, neither tsarist Russia, nor Soviet, nor modern Russia were able to completely suppress Chechnya? After all, the Chechens are still warriors. And try to remove cockroaches without the help of chemistry. You slam them with a slipper, and new ones crawl out from under the plinth, and even hiding behind female cockroaches. You think it's worth it to kill the females, it's a pity, but at this time, under the plinth, these insects are desperately copulating, dreaming that their children will quickly grow up and climb on you. Cockroaches do not have the morals of people, they are ready to go to any meanness and meanness. But you have a moral - you don’t want to take Dichlorvos.
It’s also hard to fight the Chechens because of their “code of male honor” - this code has nothing to do with chivalry. slightest relation. Blood feud, for example, is a monstrous archaism in the 21st century, in Chechnya it is the norm of behavior. A Chechen is not allowed to make mistakes. Having made a mistake, he will balk and insist on his own rightness to the end. This is hammered into them from a young age: I remember in the first grade Chechen boy took a pencil case from a classmate. She asked for it back and received the same pencil case on the head. The teacher tried to get the boy to apologize, but the little animal stood in the corner all day without uttering a word. They are also forbidden to look funny - so there will never be homegrown Petrosyans in Chechnya. They gradually have a KVN culture, but there is nothing funny about it. It is forbidden to forgive - this is absolute wildness, in Chechen language not even the words "mercy" and "forgiveness."
It is forbidden to lose. In the 90s, when I was boxing, bearded people approached me before sparring.
Hey, listen, right now you will fight with my nephew - lose to him, otherwise you will regret it.
Don't eat!
On that day, I thrashed the Chechen so that I received a scolding from the coach - do not cripple, they say, your own, because the competition is coming soon. I had to spend the night in the coaching room, without food. But the next day, when friends came for me in three cars, and there was not a single bearded face in the district, I received some moral satisfaction.
So should we restore Chechnya for them? Is it worth it to raise their culture? Is it worth showing the unfunny Chechen KVN team on television. Is it worth it to develop football and make the Terek club (which is not called a “political project” in the fan community) a full-fledged team?
By the way, about football: in the opening match of the 2008 season, the entire stadium in Grozny was deafeningly booed by the Russian Anthem. Listening then to this whistle, I understood: Russia will have to take Tapok more than once. Today, against the backdrop of Kadyrov's latest statements and actions, I have become stronger in this thought.
