The project "introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture". preschool group

Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture.

Duvanova Natalya Alexandrovna,

senior educator

Childhood is the heyday of a person's life. This is the time when a child is like a flower that stretches its petals towards the sun. Children are very sensitive to every word spoken by adults. Therefore, the task of adults is to instill in children a love for beauty, to develop in kids such qualities as kindness, a sense of camaraderie, to introduce children to the origins of Russian folk culture. old saying says: "Everything new is well forgotten old."

A person always distinguishes his own culture as special, the first with which, as a rule, he gets used to, gets used to, which he absorbs, as they say, "with mother's milk." This is probably why, sooner or later, a person still begins to look closely at the culture of the past. Today, one can see a revival of interest in national culture, in the rites and customs of our ancestors, in their traditions.

The significance of the culture of one's own people, the ability to understand it, the desire to join its further development can become the basis of a person's active creative activity if he is introduced to his native culture from early childhood.

The teachers of our kindergarten in their work with preschoolers to familiarize themselves with Russian folk culture and art set themselves the following goal:foundation formation artistic culture child, through familiarization with the origins of folk culture and folk traditions.

Tasks:

Form the foundations national consciousness and love for the Fatherland;

Develop interest in native Russian traditions;

To acquaint with a significant part of the cultural experience of our ancestors: housing, household items, crafts, folklore, traditions and arts and crafts;

Develop decorative art children based on the assimilation of folk art;

Get to know the features national costumes the peoples of the Volga region;

To introduce children to the richness of Russian speech, to expand their vocabulary;

To carry out the relationship of fine arts with oral folklore.

Based on the fact that an important condition for the development of children's creativity, maintaining children's interest in the culture of their ancestors, is the developing environment, the teachers of our kindergarten Special attention give to the enrichment of the content of the developing environment.

Maintaining cognitive interest in preschool requires the use of different forms and methods of work, including those characteristic of museum pedagogy. The organization of activities in mini-museums provides for the inclusion of the child in a variety of games, theatrical performances, fine arts, as well as museum activities. Working with the exhibits of the museum is fraught with great opportunities, brings the child closer to the outside world.

IN kindergarten there is a mini-museum "Russian hut". Meetings and gatherings are held here, here you can get acquainted with the pearls of folk wisdom and just drink tea from a samovar.

Mini-museum "Kurochka-Ryabushechka" - The purpose of which is to expand children's understanding of the world around them, to introduce kids to pets using the chicken as an example, with fairy tales about her, to develop speech, to form emotional attitude to animals.

Mini-Museum "Our Motherland - Russia" - The purpose of which is to acquaint children with the history, culture, natural features of our country (their village, region), the education of patriotism, acquaintance with folk crafts, with the life of Russians at different times, with historical and memorable places. Develop speech, form an idea of ​​\u200b\u200bhistorical time.

For direct educational activities with children on the formation of aesthetic taste, the desire to express themselves in artistic activity, the Raduga art studio is equipped, where children are introduced to various types arts: graphics, painting, sculpture, arts and crafts. In the art studio, corners of Russian folk crafts have been created - Dymkovo toys, golden Khokhloma and Gzhel.

Created theatre studio. Involving a child in participation in theatrical games, we help children cope with emotional experiences, make up for the lack of communication, and organize their leisure time. Children are introduced to the world of theatrical performances by participating in the dramatization of short literary works using various types of theater. The content of theatrical games is based on children's songs, nursery rhymes, fairy tales. Finished performances are shown to relatives and friends of our artists.

Folk art in educational educational work with children is used by preschool teachers in various activities:

In an integrated form: both during the GCD and in the process independent activity children.

Immerse children in a variety of aesthetic environments through hands-on activities to create various crafts, decorations, study folklore allows children to instill a sense of beauty.

All children's works on arts and crafts are presented in the form of various exhibitions, both in the foyer of the kindergarten and in group exhibitions. IN music hall the exhibition "Art Salon" Magic chest»»

Acquaintance with musical folklore is carried out both during the GCD on music, and at other GCD. IN Everyday life, at leisure and in the process of folk holidays held with children. So it has already become a tradition to hold "Carols", "Maslenitsa", "Trinity", "Easter chimes", "Gatherings".

At such holidays, children perform Russian folk songs: play, dance, various dances. The fervent melodies of these works delight with their fun, cheerful character.

When holding ritual holidays, we draw the attention of children to the principles of making and wearing a Russian costume, conversations are held about the correctness of carrying out certain ritual actions. Holding thematic conversation is very important when introducing children to the traditions and culture of the people.

Parents take an active part in introducing children to traditions and folk culture. They are the initiators and active participants in replenishing the developing environment of the kindergarten with handicrafts and exhibits in the museum, they show interest in the educational process, and are directly involved in various events.

Folk art is a pure and eternal source. It has a beneficial effect on children, develops their creativity, equips them with knowledge, brings beauty to children. Introducing preschoolers to the products of folk craftsmen, folk traditions, folklore, folk songs, dances, games, we try to introduce children to folk culture, help them enter the world of beauty, developing their creative abilities.

Communication with folk art enriches the soul of the child, instills love for his native land. Folk art preserves and transmits to new generations national traditions and forms of aesthetic attitude to the world developed by the people.

Contact with folk art enriches the child, brings up pride in his people, maintains interest in its history and culture.

List of used sources.

Alyabyeva E.A. "Let's play in the profession", 2014 book 1., book 2.

"A child in kindergarten" No. 1, 2014 p.75.

"A child in kindergarten" No. 6, 2015 With. 55.

Shorygina T.A. "Conversations about professions" M., 2012

Internet resources.

Summarizing the experience of work on the topic "Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture" in educating a citizen and patriot who knows and loves his homeland through a deep knowledge of the spiritual wealth of his people, the development of folk culture. By studying the foundations of folk culture, introducing children to a part of the great whole - their people, their country.

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Experience on the topic: "Introducing children to the origins of folk culture."

Khanty-Mansiysk MBDOU No. 11 "Rainbow", Educator Zamkova Oksana Alekseevna

“Like a small tree that has barely risen above the ground, a caring gardener strengthens the root, on the power of which the life of the plant depends for several decades, so the teacher should take care of educating his children to feel boundless love to the motherland."

V.A. Sukhomlinsky

Relevance of the topic:

The upbringing of a citizen and a patriot who knows and loves his homeland is especially relevant today - it cannot be solved without a deep knowledge of the spiritual wealth of his people, the development of folk culture. At present time is running growing interest in the history of our state and society as a whole. By studying the foundations of folk culture, it becomes possible to let children feel like part of a great whole - their people, their country.

Target: Improve children's knowledge of Russian folk culture.

Tasks:

1. To bring children closer to the culture of our ancestors through the organization of folk holidays.
2. To acquaint children with the rituals, customs of hospitality of the Russian people.
3. To improve children's knowledge of seasonal signs.
4. To form children's ideas through fairy tales, epics, songs, chants, about the culture of their people, its wealth and diversity.
5. To educate the foundations of spirituality, patriotism and morality in children.

Predicted result:

Introducing children to the national traditional culture will allow the child to get acquainted with the world around him, realize his place in it, develop intelligence, the ability to develop creative abilities in the child, independence, form visual-figurative thinking and interpersonal skills with adults and peers.

The work is based on the main methodological principles: accounting age features children, the availability of the material, the gradualness of its complication.

Work with children is focused on four age levels: younger age - from 3-4 years; average age- from 4-5 years; older age - from 5-6 years; preparatory school group - from 6-7 years.

The first stage of work is the organization of a developing environment.

The main task of teachers is not to create a museum environment, but to introduce children into a special original world through its effective knowledge. Therefore, in addition to natural things, many items are deliberately stylized as real ones.

A mini-museum was created in the kindergarten folk antiquity"Russian hut". It is very interesting for children to see a real spinning wheel in action, to shake a doll in unsteadiness, to grind grain in a mortar themselves. The Svetlaya Gornitsa contains items of Russian life: a cast-iron pot, a tub, a chest, a samovar, wooden and earthenware dishes, embroidered towels, a Russian folk costume, etc.

Most of the main part of the GCD for introducing children to the national culture is held in the "Svetlaya Gornitsa". The teacher acts as the mistress of the hut, which naturally attracts children to her daily affairs and worries (embroidery, cooking, etc.).

The GCD system in the "Svetlaya Gornitsa" is included in the schedule of the GCD preschool educational institution and includes an active acquaintance of children with oral folk art and arts and crafts. Often, the NOD in the Bright Room ends with a tea party from a samovar or, in accordance with the goal, a treat for children.

The second stage is the organization of the educational process.

In kindergarten, at an accessible level, children are introduced to folk games, the folk calendar, the basics Orthodox culture, traditions, life, customs of the Russian people, peasant labor, contributes to the development of cognitive abilities in children, the formation of high morality, fosters love for the fatherland, respect for ancestors, interest in original Russian culture. "Things for a long time past days, the tradition of antiquity deep ... "become closer, more understandable to the child.

Developed long-term plans on familiarization with the origins of Russian folk culture, on folk outdoor games that are combined with integrated program V.I. Loginova, T.I. Babaeva "Childhood".

Forms of work with children:

GCD: social world, speech development, world of music, natural world, the world of art and artistic activity, physical development; cultural and leisure activities: “Birthday Day” once a month, watching theatrical performances once a month, holidays, entertainment, themed evenings and leisure activities (calendar and folk: carols, Maslenitsa, Palm Sunday, Easter, etc.),

Gaming activities: didactic games, theatricalization, role-playing games, outdoor games.

The main form of work with children is GCD, which is carried out both frontally and in subgroups and individually. Complex, plot, thematic and other types of GCD organization are used. In addition, topics on Russian culture are taken into account in different sections. For example, the GCD cycle social world”: one lesson per month is devoted to traditional culture, while the specific choice of the leading theme of the month is determined by the rhythm of the folk calendar. GCD for familiarization with the origins of Russian folk culture is problematically associated with the GCD "The World of Art and Artistic Activity" (drawing, modeling, manual labor, application). GCD for familiarizing children with arts and crafts occupy a special place in the pedagogical process of kindergarten.

We start introducing kids to the work of Russian craftsmen with middle group. The kindergarten has accumulated experience in working with Dymkovo, Gorodetskaya, Khokhloma painting. For each of the listed types of painting, we have manuals, long-term plans, GCD notes. Russian folk toys and games with them bring great joy to children of all ages. Special interest cause bright nesting dolls. younger children preschool educators introduce the features of this toy. And older children get acquainted with the history of its occurrence and with information about the masters who created it; trying to compose short stories, where the character is a matryoshka. Children really like round dance games with the participation of nesting dolls. Depending on the subject of the NOD, exhibitions of children's works are arranged in groups: "Dymkovo Toy", "Golden Khokhloma", "Gzhel".

During the GCD on speech development provides for special work with the native word, acquaintance of children with oral folk art. We start work on familiarizing children with oral folk art from the youngest before school age. When selecting folklore material teachers take into account age possibilities children. Younger children, accustoming their ear to the intonation structure of their native speech, are also introduced to lullabies. The children not only listen to the songs, but also sing to the dolls about the Grumpy Cat and the ghouls. Practical experience has shown that for children of primary preschool age, small folklore forms are more accessible - nursery rhymes, riddles, counting rhymes, short stories. In middle age, along with the complication of "small forms", which are much wider than any other genre, cover various aspects of reality, all greater place is given to folk tales, proverbs, sayings, incantations. With older children, in addition to more complex folklore material, conversation is used. Kindergarten teachers organize conversations using proverbs and sayings, the content of which contains the names of objects of Russian life; they try to reveal the origin of proverbs and sayings, their features such as allegoricalness, expressiveness, the combination of the general and the specific in them. A special place in the acquaintance of older preschoolers with the works of oral folk art occupies compiling riddles with children about objects of ancient Russian life. Each folk riddle displays surrounding a person world. To compose a riddle means to give a metaphorical form of expression with ordinary thoughts and objects. And vice versa, to solve the riddle - to replace its metaphorical images with real ones. Compiling a riddle can be quite difficult. Firstly, for this you need to have a well-developed figurative-associative poetic thinking, and secondly, to be very quick-witted, able to overcome the difficulties of a logical nature deliberately created by the riddle. Therefore, it is very important to show children how to create riddles, their types and forms.

Along with the NOD, holidays are organized: calendar, folklore, ritual, name days, etc. IN folklore holidays children of all ages take part, only their share varies from age to age. Folk holidays are regularly held: Golden Autumn, Maslenitsa, Winter Christmas time, in which both adults and children are active participants. When developing scenarios for folk holidays, special attention is paid to the selection of verbal-musical, dramatic, game and choreographic works ritual and calendar folklore. The works correspond to the content of the holiday, highly artistic, interesting and accessible to children. The main indicator of the success of the holiday is the emotional coloring of the atmosphere. This atmosphere is determined by the naturalness of children's behavior, interest, joyful emotions generated by the actions of the character. The more surprises there are on the holiday, the more the holiday corresponds to the main purpose - to please children. The saturation of the national holiday with creative improvisations, surprise moments stimulate the interest of children, enhances their impression and experience, enriches artistic and aesthetic perception. And most importantly, it provides a natural introduction of children to national traditions, affirms fundamental spiritual and aesthetic values ​​in their minds.

Folk ritual holidays are always associated with the game. But folk games, unfortunately, have almost disappeared from childhood today, although it is in them that the joy of movement is combined with the spiritual enrichment of children. Forming in children a stable attitude to the culture of their native country, creating an emotionally positive basis for the development of patriotic feelings, folk games contribute to the education of conscious discipline, will, perseverance in overcoming difficulties, teach them to be honest and truthful.

Working with parents.

In the corners for parents, material on folk calendar, according to Russian cuisine, on national holidays "Easter", "Christmas", " New Year”, “Maslenitsa”, etc. Joint participation in creative events helps to unite the family and fill its leisure time with new content. Creating conditions for joint creative activity, a combination of individual and collective creativity of children and parents contributes to the unity of teachers, parents and children. What forms positive attitude to each other. Parents become active participants pedagogical process: they take part in holding Russian folk holidays, in the manufacture of attributes in the mini-museum of the "Russian Hut", in decorating groups for Russian folk holidays "Easter", "Christmas", "New Year", "Maslenitsa", participate in games, actively discuss issues of education at parent-teacher meetings.

The results of the ongoing work to familiarize children with Russian folk culture is the positive dynamics of indicators of the quality of education and upbringing.

Pedagogical monitoring is carried out at the beginning and end of the school year, fixes the results of the development, upbringing and education of children.

Monitoring data for 2012-2013 academic year showed an increase in children's need to use knowledge about folk culture in practice; improving the ability to carry out orientation in various activities related to the reflection of ideas about folk culture; the formation in preschoolers of the ability to independently model communicative and productive activities, based on theoretical knowledge and practical skills.

Kindergarten students:

1. Use nursery rhymes, rhymes, riddles in active speech.

2. They know how to play Russian folk outdoor games using counting rhymes.

3. Have a rich stock of knowledge of fairy tales and fairytale heroes know how to recognize them in works of fine art.

4. Meaningful and active participation of children in Russian folk holidays (they know the name of the holiday, sing songs, perform ditties, read poetry).

5. Knowledge of Russian history folk costume, headwear.

6. Use the attributes of Russian folk culture in independent activities.

7. Carefully treat household items, works of folk art.

Thus, this system work allows you to form in preschool children knowledge about the cultural heritage of the Russian people. The work is based on the formation of an emotionally colored sense of children's involvement in the legacy of the past, including through the creation of a special environment that allows them to come into direct contact with it.

Literature:

1. Acquaintance of children with Russian folk art: Summaries of classes and scenarios of calendar and ritual holidays: Toolkit for teachers of preschool educational institutions / Ed. comp. Kuprina L.S., Budarina T.A., Makhaneva O.A., Korepanova O.N. etc. - St. Petersburg: "Childhood-Press", 2004.
2. Calendar ritual holidays for preschool children. Authors: Pugacheva N.V; Esaulova N.A.; Potapova N.N. study guide. - M .: Pedagogical Society of Russia, 2005.
3. Knyazeva O.L., Makhaneva M.D. Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture: Program. Teaching aid - St. Petersburg: Childhood-Press, 2004.
4. Litvinova M.F. Russian folk outdoor games for children of preschool and primary school age: A practical guide. / M .: Airis-press, 2003.

Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture.

Russia is the motherland for many. But in order to consider yourself its son or daughter, you need to feel the life of your people and creatively assert yourself in it, accept the Russian language, history and culture of the country as your own. Our people left a big mark: wise proverbs and cunning riddles, funny and sad ritual songs, solemn epics, heroic, magical, household tales. National memory is gradually returning to us: life, joy, human suffering, laughter and tears, love and anger, faith and unbelief, honesty and deceit, diligence and laziness, the beauty of truth. We are starting to relate to ancient holidays, traditions, folklore in a new way.

Small folklore genres is the treasure trove of our language. And how important it is to teach children to comprehend the culture of their people, to sow eternal things in children's souls. It is the native culture, like father and mother, that should become an integral part of the soul of children, the beginning of their personality. It helps children understand that they are part of the great Russian people. Surrounding objects, for the first time awakening the soul of a child, nurturing in him a sense of beauty, curiosity, should be national. It helps children from the very beginning. early age understand that they are part of the great Russian people.

Russian folklore combines words and melody. It shows care, tenderness, hope for the well-being of the future, aptly evaluated life positions, human shortcomings are ridiculed, positive qualities are praised. Small folklore genres are the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children. A special place in the works of oral folk art is occupied by respectful attitude to work, admiration for the skill of human hands.

Drawing a parallel with our time, it is worth remembering that “love for one's native land, native culture, native speech begins with small things - with love for one's family, for one's home, for one's kindergarten. Gradually expanding, this love turns into love for home country, to its history, past and present, to all mankind. So wrote Academician D.S. Likhachev. In our time, there is a need to familiarize children with the origins of folk art through small folklore genres. The solution of these problems is possible only with constant communication between an adult and a child. To achieve this goal, you can use the program "Introducing children to the origins of folk culture" Knyazeva O. L., Makhaneva M. D.

I advise you to use such forms and methods as: literature analysis, a comprehensive diagnostic method, an experiment, questionnaires for parents. Didactic games, outdoor games, dramatization games, fairy tales, riddles, nursery rhymes, develop the child's oral speech, affect his spiritual development, fantasy, teach certain moral standards, contribute to the ability to reason logically and draw conclusions.

Introducing children to the origins of folk culture, it is necessary to acquaint children with folk holidays and customs. You can hold gatherings, leisure activities, where children will sing songs, ditties, make riddles, dance, etc. This is where to monitor characteristic features seasons, weather changes, the behavior of birds, insects, animals. Moreover, these observations should be associated with various parties. public life person. Such Team work create a common emotional condition with the guys, even the most shy will become proactive.

An indispensable condition for effectiveness in the upbringing and development of preschoolers through small folklore genres is the use of conversations about antiquity, reading fiction folk literature with discussion, excursions to the museum.

To create an atmosphere of interest and inclusion of children, you can create a corner in the group in the form of a “hut”, where you can place items that are most often mentioned in Russian folk tales: rocker, jugs, samovar, etc.

What attractive force lies in what surrounds us in childhood? Why, even after leaving home for long years, a person remembers them with warmth, proudly talks about the beauty and wealth of his native land? This is an expression of deep affection and love for everything that entered the heart from an early age as the most precious. One's love for one's native places, the idea of ​​what they are famous for, must be passed on to children, which is extremely important for the education of moral feelings.

Introduction to the origins of folk culture will leave indelible impressions in the souls of children, help in future life focus on genuine life values. Our children have something to be proud of, they will never be "Ivans - not remembering kinship."

IN Lately our country is facing new challenges modern world. External factors of the destruction of the ideology of Russia, its spirituality, morality and morality, form a new ideology alien to Russians. The biggest danger that awaits our society today is not in the collapse of the economy, nor in the change political system but in the destruction of the individual through the destruction of the history and culture of the people.

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INTRODUCING CHILDREN TO THE ORIGINS OF RUSSIAN FOLK CULTURE Educator MBDOU No. 31 "Zarya" Ivanova Svetlana P etrovna

“A people that does not know its culture and history is contemptible and frivolous” N. M. Karamzin.

Decorative and applied arts Folk holidays Folklore Acquaintance with surrounding objects Directions of work on the topic "Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture"

“It is necessary to set things up in such a way that with one work, a double or triple work is carried out, so that every work brings more than one result. Here general rule is to always and everywhere take together what is connected with one another. » Ya. A. Kamensky.

organization of joint work with parents creation of a subject-developing environment and integration with all educational areas complex use different pedagogical methods Working conditions on the topic "Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture"

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Educator MBDOU No. 31 "Dawn" Ivanova Svetlana P etrovna

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"Introducing children to the origins of Russian
folk culture"

Educator MBDOU kindergarten No. 31 "Dawn"

Ivanova Svetlana Petrovna

Pyatigorsk 2016

“A people that does not know its culture and history is contemptible and frivolous” N. M. Karamzin.

Recently, our country has faced new challenges of the modern world. External factors of the destruction of the ideology of Russia, its spirituality, morality and morality, form a new ideology alien to Russians.

The biggest danger that awaits our society today is not in the collapse of the economy, nor in the change of the political system, but in the destruction of the individual through the destruction of the history and culture of the people. Today when material values dominate over the spiritual, in children they are distorted human values about good and evil, about truth and lies, about family and beauty. The destruction of the institution of the family continues: through “sex education”, anti-marital, anti-parental, anti-family attitudes are formed in children.

Every tree has roots deep in the earth. And every nation has roots - its history and culture. Time inexorably requires a revision of everything that today does not meet the requirements modern process society renewal.

Preschool age is the beginning of the knowledge of life, human relationships.To develop in children love and respect for folk culture, musical folklore, the ability to communicate, respect for the native hearth - this is the leading pedagogical idea.

The Russian people should not lose their moral authority among other peoples - an authority worthily won by Russian art and literature. We must not forget our cultural past. The people left us the most valuable of their cultural achievements: holidays, traditions, folklore, art crafts, arts and crafts.

To work with children in our group on the topic “Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture”, we have chosen the following directions:

1. Getting to know the surroundings. The Beauty Shelf is organized and operates in the group; on it the educator exposes objects of folk decorative - applied arts in accordance with the planned topic, introduces traditional items household and craft tools.

2. Folklore . In oral folk art preserved special features Russian character, its inherent moral values, ideas about goodness, beauty, truth, courage, diligence, fidelity.

Russian folklore combines the word musical rhythm, melodiousness. The nursery rhymes addressed to children, jokes, calls sound like an affectionate saying, expressing care, tenderness, faith in a prosperous future. A special place in the works of oral folk art is occupied by a respectful attitude to work, admiration for the skill of human hands. Due to this, folklore is the richest source of cognitive and moral development of children, which makes it possible to use folklore forms throughout the day of communication with children.

3. Folk holidays and traditions.They focus on the observations accumulated over the centuries on the characteristic features of the seasons, weather changes, the behavior of birds, insects, and plants. These observations are directly related to labor and various aspects of human social life in all their integrity and diversity. In our practice, we use traditional holiday rituals or their elements. The children are explained historical meaning these holidays in the way of life of the ancestors.

4. Folk arts and crafts.With different types of needlework and crafts. In this activity, children acquire labor skills and skills of working with artistic material. This becomes a prerequisite for the formation of a sustainable interest in folk art, better understanding his children, respect for the work and talent of the craftsmen.

Even Jan Amos Comenius wrote that it is necessary to “set things up in such a way that with one work a double or triple work is carried out, so that any work brings more than one result. Here the general rule is to always and everywhere take together what is connected with one another. Patriotic education preschoolers and, above all, the awakening of their love for their native land, is most successfully carried out with an integrated approach to solving this problem.

For example, the repeated use and repetition of works of oral folk art by an educator in sensitive moments make it possible to memorize involuntarily some works of folk art, starting from early and younger age children. (Riddles, nursery rhymes, folk songs, tongue twisters, incantations, counting rhymes, proverbs, sayings, fairy tales).

The experience of using small folklore forms at a younger age is quite extensive. These are cultural and hygienic skills, self-service, putting children to bed. And how to use and apply folklore in older preschool age? It should be noted that enough developed sense humor and self-control in behavior, allow you to teach children how to use in special conflict or sensitive situations. For example, a child runs around the site for a walk, prevents other children from playing, does not respond to the comments of the children and the teacher, falls. Starts to cry more out of resentment. The teacher offers to play the situation.

Chigariki-chigarok,

The mosquito fell.

From oak to singing

On a damp root.

The flies have arrived

flies,

Got a mosquito

They brought it to the oak tree.

planted on an oak tree

Under the green leaf

Sit... sit back!

As a rule, all participants in the mini-staging begin to laugh. Forgetting about grievances, and the culprit of the situation, understands without teaching that it is not necessary to do this.

There are different types of teasers - funny and offensive rhymes for every name, for every vice - greed, cowardice, whining, boasting. And these teasers condemn negative qualities:

Greedy beef, leaky drum! Who is playing on it? Vovka is a cockroach!

It is interesting to use teasers at an older age as a method of behavior correction.

Fedul, what pouted his lips?

The caftan burned.

Can be repaired.

There is no needle.

Is the hole big?

One gate remains.

Knocked down, knocked together - that's the wheel.

Sat down and went - oh, good!

looked back -

Some knitting needles are lying.

With the help of teasers, the child gives vent to negative emotions. Often teasing is accompanied by grimaces and onomatopoeia. The teaser is always pronounced in a singsong voice, always loudly, firstly, so that everyone can hear, and secondly, it is better to enter into a verbal duel from a safe distance, otherwise you can get change. With the help of teasers, children learn not only to distinguish between good and bad, to express their negative attitude towards some phenomenon, but also develop the ability to choose words, rhyme. A teaser is a training in wit, in the ability to conduct a verbal duel, the development of speech and a sense of humor.

Thus, folklore teaches children the ability to notice the bad, unfair, ugly, it teaches them to hear words and select them according to consonance and meaning, it develops sensitivity to absurd situations in life and in verbal representation.

Anton Semyonovich Makarenko shares his experience: “Work on the patriotic education of preschoolers is connected with their physical education. Future citizens of the country should grow up strong, dexterous and healthy.”

Norms and rules of education developed folk pedagogy, time-tested. They concentrate the centuries-old folk wisdom incorporating universal human values. The folk game is a unique phenomenon of human culture, since every century, every era, every specific ethnic group, every generation has its favorite games.From time immemorial, folk games have clearly reflected the way of life of people, their way of life, work, national foundations, ideas about moral values. Folk mobile game - natural satellite child's life - performs various functions: developing, cognitive, entertaining, diagnostic, corrective. These are familiar software classic Russian folk games: “Geese-geese”, “Ordinary blind man's buff”, “At the bear in the forest”, “Burn, burn brightly”, etc.

In the classroom, in independent activities, on a walk, we use a variety of games, including those of the peoples of the North Caucasus.

For example, the Armenian game, "Tug of the stick"

The purpose of the game: the development of strength, endurance, strengthening the muscles of the body.

Two players sit on the floor opposite each other, resting their feet. They take a stick in their hands (you can use a rope, a strap, or just hold hands). In this case, one hand is in the middle of the stick, the other on the edge. On a signal, the players begin to pull each other, trying to raise the opponent to their feet.

Rules of the game: the player who manages to lift the opponent to his feet wins. The winner has the right to continue the game with the next player.

Or, Kabardian folk game"Shepherd"

A shepherd and a wolf are selected from among the players, the rest are sheep. A circle is drawn - a meadow, inside which a shepherd and sheep gather, a wolf walks along the outside. The sheep stand behind the shepherd, hugging each other by the belt. The wolf addresses the shepherd: “I am a wolf! I'll take your sheep!" The shepherd replies: “I am a brave shepherd, I won’t give up the sheep!” Hearing, I won’t give it back, the wolf tries to reach out to the sheep. The shepherd, spreading his arms to the sides, protects the sheep from the wolf, not allowing him to touch them. The wolf, in case of luck, takes the prey with him. The game starts over, but the roles change.

N.K. Krupskaya. “Such a task (patriotic education) can be solved only by skillfully combining observation of the immediate environment with reading works of art, listening to music, looking at pictures and illustrations for books. Art will open a wider window to the world for the child, help to make the necessary generalizations, and will contribute to the awakening of feelings.

The use of folk culture in the artistic and aesthetic field of development of preschool children is widely used and covered in educational programs that meet the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard. Works of folk applied art play important role in the development of creativity of preschool children, contributing to the development of fantasy, imagination, figurative thinking.

The use of images of folk art in organized activities and in everyday life, they contribute to the upbringing of children who are spiritually rich, who know how to love and appreciate what is recognized by the people. Familiarization with folk toy, song, musical game or a round dance has a great influence on preschoolers: it contributes to the formation of a deep interest in various types of art, develops children's creativity and forms an aesthetic taste, brings up love for their native land.

Folk holidays help children to know and respect their past, their origins, the history and culture of their people. Such extensive work is impossible without the participation of parents. The transfer of the experience and traditions of the people, first of all, is carried out through the family. In the course of implementing the tasks to familiarize children with folk cultural heritage we came to the conclusion that such activities, games, productive activities unite children general impressions, experiences, emotions, contribute to the formation of collective relationships.

Usage creative search, expand children's horizons, develop children's speech, develop children's research skills. The learning process ends real result- a product of activity. This result can be seen, comprehended, applied in real practical life.

Thus, experimental work, conducted by us, showed that the familiarization of children of senior preschool age with Russian folk culture is possible, necessary and accessible under the following conditions:

1. complex use of different pedagogical methods: visual, practical, verbal, in their interaction in the context of the implementation of an active approach;
2. close interaction with the emotional, moral, aesthetic, physical development child;
3. Creation subject environment, contributing to the introduction of the child into the world of folk culture, life and traditions;
4. organization of joint work with parents in the positions of partnership and cooperation.

Literature

1. Danilina G. N. "To preschoolers - about the history and culture of Russia" / manual for the implementation of the state program "Patriotic education of citizens Russian Federation for 2001-2005/
2. Zatsepina M. B., Antonova T. V. "Folk holidays in kindergarten" / M., 2005 /
3. Karachunskaya T. N. " Museum Pedagogy And visual activity in preschool educational institution "/ M., 2005/
4. Knyazeva O.L.,. Makhaneva M.D Program. "Introducing children to the origins of Russian folk culture. / St. Petersburg 1999 /
5. Kolomeychenko L.V. Program social development preschool children / Perm, 2003 /
6. Lunina G.V. Raising children on the traditions of Russian culture. / M., 2014 /
7. Folk art in the education of children. / Under the editorship of Komarova T.S., M., Pedagogical Society of Russia 2012/

Without memory, there are no traditions; without traditions, there is no culture; without culture, there is no education; without education, there is no spirituality; without spirituality, there is no personality; without personality, there is no people as a historical personality.

In the last decade, almost all countries of the world have seen an intensive growth of national consciousness.

Our country is no exception in this matter. This is connected with the problem of restoring ethnic identity, which was largely lost at the end of the 20th century.

The changes that took place in our country led to the fact that:

the concepts of true values ​​are lost, there are no feelings of patriotism and philanthropy;

the ideals of a man - a worker, a warrior - the defender of the Fatherland, disappeared.

family and household traditions, customs, respect and reverence for elders, secrets of mutual respect and “cord” in the family are forgotten;

girls, carriers of the tribal way of life, are indifferent to their mothers and their own children, they bring up their children as slaves of momentary pleasures.

How, by what means can we accelerate the growth of national consciousness and revive the lost values.

It is folk culture that is able to revive the continuity of generations, to convey to the younger generation moral principles, spiritual and artistic values, and the preschool period of childhood is favorable for familiarization with its origins. Researchers of folk art M.A. Nekrasova, N.P. Sakulina, T.L. Shpikalova, E.A. Flerina and others note that it is the inclusion of a preschool child in various activities based on the material of folk art that is one of the main conditions for the full-fledged moral and aesthetic education of a child and the development of his artistic and creative abilities. Speaking about folk art, N.P. Sakulina wrote: “Folk decorative art meets the interests of preschool children, gives rich food their artistic perception, contributes to the development of their aesthetic experiences and first aesthetic judgments.

Having studied the scientific idea of ​​teachers about the importance of folk culture for the revival and restoration of the interrupted connection of times, I came to the conclusion that it is necessary to familiarize preschoolers with the life-giving source of folk wisdom.

The absence of a section on moral and aesthetic education in the program of L.A. Wenger "Development" prompted me to create my own system of work, which is aimed at the comprehensive development of the child's personality, the formation of his spiritual culture through moral and aesthetic education and the development of his artistic and creative abilities.

When developing the system of work, the obligatory minimum for the formation of moral and aesthetic qualities and artistic and creative abilities of preschoolers was taken into account.

A distinctive feature of my system is that the composition “Family” is used in the implementation process, consisting of six life-size puppets in Russian folk costumes, which contributes to familiarizing preschool children with the origins of folk culture. After all, it is in the family that the child begins to discover the world and comprehend himself in a vast, frighteningly unknown space.

The system of work includes:

Diagnosis of formation spiritually - moral qualities and creative abilities of children;

Creation of a subject-spatial environment;

Organization of the circle "Our skillful hands";

Interaction with the family in order to develop interest in spiritually - moral education children.

On initial stage, relying on the recommendations of L.S. Kuprina and T.A. Budarina, we designed a “folk culture zone” - a “hut”. In the free room of the kindergarten, he built a wooden frame. Here, they “laid down” the stove, made wooden benches and tables, laid self-woven rugs. Most of exhibits - relics of my maternal family and household items collected by me in the village of Mezenskoye Sverdlovsk region in which I was born. The “hut” now has beaten-out antique curtains, a cradle, spinning wheels, a goddess, a cast-iron pot, a tong, a samovar, wooden spoons, pots, kitchen utensils, and embroidered towels.

An important attribute of the "hut" is the puppet composition "Family" in Russian folk costumes. The costumes were created on the basis of reliable ethnographic data according to the patterns - patterns of Russian folk costumes that existed from the end of the 18th to the beginning of the 20th centuries.

Introducing children to family and everyday traditions, customs, respect and reverence for elders, the secrets of mutual respect and "cord" in the family should begin in the family. The main educator in the family is the family!

Thus the idea of ​​creating a “doll family” was born. Dolls accompany us all our lives, they not only entertain, but also teach. Dolls are accessible, understandable, interesting to all children. That's why I decided to create not one or two dolls, but a whole family - the image of the family that raised me.

Our dolls cause only positive emotions.

"Father"- an aged man with a beard, possibly in a hat, in a sleeveless shirt, a shirt with rich embroidery, bast shoes on his feet.

"Mother"- with a very kind face, dressed in a red sundress, on her shoulders - a rich scarf, on her head - a kokoshnik embroidered with pearls.

"Oldest Son"- to become youthful, a playful smile on his face, a shirt like a groom's, striped ports, bast shoes on his feet.

"Eldest daughter"- must be modest, with downcast eyes, in a cotton sundress, she must have an apron with embroidery, a rich bandage on her head.

"Younger son"- the face is childish, the figure is clumsy, so the clothes seem "big".

"Lalka"- this is a doll - a "twist" in a patchwork quilt.

Folk costume is a kind of cultural language that introduces children to Russian traditions, a certain way of life, the role and tasks in the family of a man and a woman.

This system is being implemented within the circle "Our skillful hands".

When selecting children in the circle, she took into account, first of all, the interest of children in folk decorative art, the age and mental abilities of children obtained as a result of diagnostic studies.

Classes of the circle are held in the "hut" using the composition "Family".

The entire learning process is creative, research and educational. The introduction of elements of the game into the learning process allows classes to take place lively and emotionally. Through games, children get acquainted with the concepts of "family", "clan", "relatives". (See Appendix No. 1)

Dolls "live" in a peasant "hut". They love to communicate with the guys very much, meet guests in the "hut" and often come to the group themselves. These dolls are the children's favorites. Children take them for their friends and value friendship with them. Dolls are carriers of folk wisdom, they know a lot of Russian folk tales, songs, sayings. Children love to listen to them. Classes with the participation of dolls of the composition "Family" are always complex and rich in content. On them, children are engaged in various activities, learn new things, reinforce what they have learned, acquire certain knowledge and skills, and the dolls, in turn, actively stimulate them, tease them with jokes. Dolls take out unfamiliar, strange and interesting objects for children from the “old” chest, and fairy tales, riddles, and books appear from there.

Dolls, like any person, can sometimes have Bad mood, they may be preoccupied with something, and then the guys come to the aid of their friends, calm them down, make them laugh, share their “secrets”, prepare surprises for them. The dolls cheered up, smiled, and praised the guys. The praise that a child receives for his sympathy stimulates his desire to give joy to others and be happy from this.

But the educational effect of their use may be lost if there is no systematic work. Therefore, the communication of children with members of the "Family" is realized in festive - playing, educational, labor and other types of children's activities. The wider the sphere of communication of children with dolls, the more they will experience positive emotions, the faster they will learn the material, the faster they will form knowledge moral standards, aesthetic ideals, labor skills and communication in general.

Family culture forms the spiritual life of the child, lays the foundation for intellectual and emotional development, brings up a variety of needs and abilities, promotes co-creation of children and adults. Therefore, I pay special attention in my work to strengthening ties with parents. I achieved that parents became not outside observers, but active participants in the pedagogical process. They take part not only in the holidays, where they play roles, read poetry, participate in games, but also actively discuss issues of education at our meetings in the Gorenka parent club

When assessing the formation of social and moral qualities in children, I use the diagnosis of T.M. Bondarenko, and to assess creative abilities, I use the diagnosis of S.T. Komarova, O.A. Solomennikova.

Analysis of the latest diagnostics proves that in the course of the introduction of the system of work, the level of formation of spiritual and moral qualities and creative abilities of children has increased.

Children have become more benevolent, learned to respect another person, show respect for the world around them, become kinder and more merciful.

Children are passionate about the process of creativity, their work is original, they can easily move from one idea to another.

Our pupils demonstrate highly developed social, moral and creative qualities at city competitions.

They are the winners of the competitions:

In the city of Moscow (International competition) - works on tapestry;

« Christmas toy» 1st place and "The Beauty of God's World" certificates for 2nd place;

A certificate of honor was received for participation in the city competition "Craftsmen of Nyagan" for the 20th anniversary of the city from the "Museum and Cultural Center" for creative work weaving "Tapestry";

Diploma for participation in the city exhibition of applied arts "Craftsmen of Nyagan" for the Day of Russia (action Nyagan Arbat) for products made of dough plastics, the composition "Merry" flour salts ";

My composition "Family" was awarded a diploma of the 1st degree of the Committee on Culture and Art of the city of Nyagan and a diploma of a participant in the exhibition "Craftsmen of Nyagan" as part of the "Days of Slavic Writing" and the 1st city competition - the festival "Games and Toys"

I distribute my knowledge on the formation of spiritual and moral qualities among preschoolers among the colleagues of the city.

I work on familiarizing children with the origins of folk culture in close contact with public organizations with the "Center of Applied Arts and Crafts" I am a donor to the Nyagan Museum and Cultural Center in the accumulation of funds.

The system gave an effective result and can be used by teachers preschool institutions for the formation of spiritual and moral qualities and the development of creative abilities I consider my topic relevant, since 2008 was declared the year of the family. Introducing children to the origins of folk culture is a joy, it is a labor that brings priceless fruits.